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shirish's questions

Martin Hope
shirish
Asked: 2023-05-05 06:11:27 +0800 CST
  • 5

没有提供更多细节，我知道的唯一命令是 file、stat 和 mediainfo。虽然两者都给出了一些关于 .epub 文档的想法，但不是全部。例如 file 只给出文件名并声明它是一个 epub 文档。Mediainfo 稍微好一点，它提供了以下信息。

Format                                   : ZIP
File size                                : 93.9 MiB
FileExtension_Invalid                    : zip docx odt xlsx ods

因此，除了文件名称外，我还知道以上内容。虽然缺少最关键的部分。epub书是什么时候出的，用的是什么版本的epub版本，什么app。用于制作 .epub 文档等等。从版本 2、2.0.1、3、3.2 等等有很多版本。拥有以上所有信息。会使事情更容易排除故障。

pdfinfo 上的内容。

bash
Martin Hope
shirish
Asked: 2022-11-01 00:40:45 +0800 CST
  • 5

我遇到了pdfcrack。我正在尝试破解发送给我的文件，但发送的密码不起作用。现在我不知道是因为它是1.5版还是密码不起作用。我使用以下链接来了解 pdfcrack 的工作原理。

https://www.maketecheasier.com/recover-lost-pdf-passwords-linux/

现在虽然我可以做一个单词表，但首先我尝试使用手册页中共享的 -n -

 -n, --minpw=INTEGER
              Skip trying passwords shorter than INTEGER

可以看出它说和 IIUC，这意味着它会跳过密码情人而不是给定的数字 -

$ pdfcrack -f document.pdf -n=09
PDF version 1.5
Security Handler: Standard
V: 2
R: 3
P: -1068
Length: 128
Encrypted Metadata: True
FileID: 0
U=
O=
Average Speed: 48106.7 w/s. Current Word: 'qrbd'
^CCaught signal 2!
Trying to save state...
Successfully saved state to savedstate.sav!

现在，由于该文件本质上是敏感的，因此我删除了 FileID 以及该文件生成的任何哈希值。

现在的问题是，它试图破解的当前单词或密码是“grbd”，它只有 6 个字母而不是 9 个。IIUC，我上面所做的是有 9 个字母而不是 6 个，我做错了什么？

password
Martin Hope
shirish
Asked: 2022-01-07 11:39:51 +0800 CST
  • 1

这是我在 Debian 测试中使用的 ffmpeg 版本 -

$ ffmpeg -version
ffmpeg version 4.4.1-2+b1 Copyright (c) 2000-2021 the FFmpeg developers
built with gcc 11 (Debian 11.2.0-12)
configuration: --prefix=/usr --extra-version=2+b1 --toolchain=hardened --libdir=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu --incdir=/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu --arch=amd64 --enable-gpl --disable-stripping --enable-gnutls --enable-ladspa --enable-libaom --enable-libass --enable-libbluray --enable-libbs2b --enable-libcaca --enable-libcdio --enable-libcodec2 --enable-libdav1d --enable-libflite --enable-libfontconfig --enable-libfreetype --enable-libfribidi --enable-libgme --enable-libgsm --enable-libjack --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libmysofa --enable-libopenjpeg --enable-libopenmpt --enable-libopus --enable-libpulse --enable-librabbitmq --enable-librubberband --enable-libshine --enable-libsnappy --enable-libsoxr --enable-libspeex --enable-libsrt --enable-libssh --enable-libtheora --enable-libtwolame --enable-libvidstab --enable-libvorbis --enable-libvpx --enable-libwebp --enable-libx265 --enable-libxml2 --enable-libxvid --enable-libzimg --enable-libzmq --enable-libzvbi --enable-lv2 --enable-omx --enable-openal --enable-opencl --enable-opengl --enable-sdl2 --enable-pocketsphinx --enable-librsvg --enable-libmfx --enable-libdc1394 --enable-libdrm --enable-libiec61883 --enable-chromaprint --enable-frei0r --enable-libx264 --enable-shared
libavutil      56. 70.100 / 56. 70.100
libavcodec     58.134.100 / 58.134.100
libavformat    58. 76.100 / 58. 76.100
libavdevice    58. 13.100 / 58. 13.100
libavfilter     7.110.100 /  7.110.100
libswscale      5.  9.100 /  5.  9.100
libswresample   3.  9.100 /  3.  9.100
libpostproc    55.  9.100 / 55.  9.100

这是我试图使用的命令 -

$ ffmpeg -ss 00:22:20 -t 60 -i 123.mkv 456.mkv

这来自从视频文件的特定部分提取/复制音频，可能吗？这是我多年前问过的。

我还看了一下FFMpeg ：创建一个大约的视频剪辑。没有音频的视频持续时间未知的 10 秒- 但如果我尝试使用其中显示的时间戳，它会出错说 -

Invalid duration specification for ss: 00:22:20:0.0

我正在播放的媒体文件大约是 50 多分钟，我只想要 22:20 秒和一分钟后的一分钟文件。

ffmpeg 或它处理事物的方式发生了变化。我显然已经更改了文件名。尽管如此，这就是它显示文件的内容，就好像我把它放在 mkvinfo 下一样

$ mkvinfo 456.mkv 
+ EBML head
|+ EBML version: 1
|+ EBML read version: 1
|+ Maximum EBML ID length: 4
|+ Maximum EBML size length: 8
|+ Document type: matroska
|+ Document type version: 4
|+ Document type read version: 2
+ Segment: size 6959454
|+ Seek head (subentries will be skipped)
|+ EBML void: size 81
|+ Segment information
| + Timestamp scale: 1000000
| + Title: 123
| + Multiplexing application: Lavf58.76.100
| + Writing application: Lavf58.76.100
| + Segment UID: 0x19 0xba 0x01 0xe0 0xed 0x6f 0x79 0xef 0xfb 0x9d 0xe6 0xcd 0x2b 0xad 0x2f 0x79
| + Duration: 00:23:54.905000000
|+ Tracks
| + Track
|  + Track number: 1 (track ID for mkvmerge & mkvextract: 0)
|  + Track UID: 4989308985802999081
|  + "Lacing" flag: 0
|  + Name: abcd
|  + Language: und
|  + Codec ID: V_MPEG4/ISO/AVC
|  + Track type: video
|  + Default duration: 00:00:00.041708333 (23.976 frames/fields per second for a video track)
|  + Video track
|   + Pixel width: 1280
|   + Pixel height: 720
|   + Interlaced: 2
|   + Video colour information
|    + Horizontal chroma siting: 1
|    + Vertical chroma siting: 2
|  + Codec's private data: size 45 (H.264 profile: High @L3.1)
| + Track
|  + Track number: 2 (track ID for mkvmerge & mkvextract: 1)
|  + Track UID: 5858605359486045911
|  + "Lacing" flag: 0
|  + Name: abcd
|  + Language: eng
|  + Codec ID: A_VORBIS
|  + Track type: audio
|  + Audio track
|   + Channels: 2
|   + Sampling frequency: 48000
|   + Bit depth: 32
|  + Codec's private data: size 3959
| + Track
|  + Track number: 3 (track ID for mkvmerge & mkvextract: 2)
|  + Track UID: 6757137498994684877
|  + "Lacing" flag: 0
|  + Name: abcd
|  + Language: eng
|  + Codec ID: S_TEXT/ASS
|  + Track type: subtitles
|  + Codec's private data: size 576
|+ Tags
| + Tag
|  + Targets
|  + Simple
|   + Name: COMMENT
|   + String: abcd
|  + Simple
|   + Name: ENCODER
|   + String: Lavf58.76.100
| + Tag
|  + Targets
|   + Track UID: 4989308985802999081
|  + Simple
|   + Name: BPS
|   + String: 1050683
|  + Simple
|   + Name: BPS
|   + Tag language: eng
|   + String: 1050683
|  + Simple
|   + Name: DURATION
|   + Tag language: eng
|   + String: 00:47:01.110000000
|  + Simple
|   + Name: NUMBER_OF_FRAMES
|   + String: 67639
|  + Simple
|   + Name: NUMBER_OF_FRAMES
|   + Tag language: eng
|   + String: 67639
|  + Simple
|   + Name: NUMBER_OF_BYTES
|   + String: 370511729
|  + Simple
|   + Name: NUMBER_OF_BYTES
|   + Tag language: eng
|   + String: 370511729
|  + Simple
|   + Name: _STATISTICS_WRITING_APP
|   + String: mkvmerge v13.0.0 ('The Juggler') 64bit
|  + Simple
|   + Name: _STATISTICS_WRITING_APP
|   + Tag language: eng
|   + String: mkvmerge v13.0.0 ('The Juggler') 64bit
|  + Simple
|   + Name: _STATISTICS_WRITING_DATE_UTC
|   + String: 2018-09-20 14:51:30
|  + Simple
|   + Name: _STATISTICS_WRITING_DATE_UTC
|   + Tag language: eng
|   + String: 2018-09-20 14:51:30
|  + Simple
|   + Name: _STATISTICS_TAGS
|   + String: BPS DURATION NUMBER_OF_FRAMES NUMBER_OF_BYTES
|  + Simple
|   + Name: _STATISTICS_TAGS
|   + Tag language: eng
|   + String: BPS DURATION NUMBER_OF_FRAMES NUMBER_OF_BYTES
|  + Simple
|   + Name: ENCODER
|   + String: Lavc58.134.100 libx264
|  + Simple
|   + Name: DURATION
|   + String: 00:01:00.022000000
| + Tag
|  + Targets
|   + Track UID: 5858605359486045911
|  + Simple
|   + Name: BPS
|   + String: 640000
|  + Simple
|   + Name: BPS
|   + Tag language: eng
|   + String: 640000
|  + Simple
|   + Name: DURATION
|   + Tag language: eng
|   + String: 00:47:01.120000000
|  + Simple
|   + Name: NUMBER_OF_FRAMES
|   + String: 88160
|  + Simple
|   + Name: NUMBER_OF_FRAMES
|   + Tag language: eng
|   + String: 88160
|  + Simple
|   + Name: NUMBER_OF_BYTES
|   + String: 225689600
|  + Simple
|   + Name: NUMBER_OF_BYTES
|   + Tag language: eng
|   + String: 225689600
|  + Simple
|   + Name: _STATISTICS_WRITING_APP
|   + String: mkvmerge v13.0.0 ('The Juggler') 64bit
|  + Simple
|   + Name: _STATISTICS_WRITING_APP
|   + Tag language: eng
|   + String: mkvmerge v13.0.0 ('The Juggler') 64bit
|  + Simple
|   + Name: _STATISTICS_WRITING_DATE_UTC
|   + String: 2018-09-20 14:51:30
|  + Simple
|   + Name: _STATISTICS_WRITING_DATE_UTC
|   + Tag language: eng
|   + String: 2018-09-20 14:51:30
|  + Simple
|   + Name: _STATISTICS_TAGS
|   + String: BPS DURATION NUMBER_OF_FRAMES NUMBER_OF_BYTES
|  + Simple
|   + Name: _STATISTICS_TAGS
|   + Tag language: eng
|   + String: BPS DURATION NUMBER_OF_FRAMES NUMBER_OF_BYTES
|  + Simple
|   + Name: ENCODER
|   + String: Lavc58.134.100 libvorbis
|  + Simple
|   + Name: DURATION
|   + String: 00:01:00.003000000
| + Tag
|  + Targets
|   + Track UID: 6757137498994684877
|  + Simple
|   + Name: BPS
|   + String: 40
|  + Simple
|   + Name: BPS
|   + Tag language: eng
|   + String: 40
|  + Simple
|   + Name: DURATION
|   + Tag language: eng
|   + String: 00:46:08.244000000
|  + Simple
|   + Name: NUMBER_OF_FRAMES
|   + String: 636
|  + Simple
|   + Name: NUMBER_OF_FRAMES
|   + Tag language: eng
|   + String: 636
|  + Simple
|   + Name: NUMBER_OF_BYTES
|   + String: 14113
|  + Simple
|   + Name: NUMBER_OF_BYTES
|   + Tag language: eng
|   + String: 14113
|  + Simple
|   + Name: _STATISTICS_WRITING_APP
|   + String: mkvmerge v13.0.0 ('The Juggler') 64bit
|  + Simple
|   + Name: _STATISTICS_WRITING_APP
|   + Tag language: eng
|   + String: mkvmerge v13.0.0 ('The Juggler') 64bit
|  + Simple
|   + Name: _STATISTICS_WRITING_DATE_UTC
|   + String: 2018-09-20 14:51:30
|  + Simple
|   + Name: _STATISTICS_WRITING_DATE_UTC
|   + Tag language: eng
|   + String: 2018-09-20 14:51:30
|  + Simple
|   + Name: _STATISTICS_TAGS
|   + String: BPS DURATION NUMBER_OF_FRAMES NUMBER_OF_BYTES
|  + Simple
|   + Name: _STATISTICS_TAGS
|   + Tag language: eng
|   + String: BPS DURATION NUMBER_OF_FRAMES NUMBER_OF_BYTES
|  + Simple
|   + Name: ENCODER
|   + String: Lavc58.134.100 ssa
|  + Simple
|   + Name: DURATION
|   + String: 00:23:54.905000000
|+ Cluster

现在我可以从上面推断出，ffmpeg 只是剪切了视频，因此显示了旧版本的属性，包括时间，尽管我创建的媒体文件大约是一分钟。

反正有没有做得更好，这意味着它从今天开始使用 ffmpeg 版本并给出相同的结果，持续时间也会更改为一分钟而不是它显示的 23 分钟？

FWIW，我当前系统中的 mkvmerge 是 -

$ mkvmerge --veion
mkvmerge v64.0.0 ('Willows') 64-bit
debian video
Martin Hope
shirish
Asked: 2021-11-20 07:50:20 +0800 CST
  • -1

我的一个朋友正在组织一场比赛。他想知道是否有一些软件可以输入正确回答的人的名字，然后该软件会选择一个名字并将其作为答案分享。所有的名字都一样重要，让人工智能或其他任何东西做它的事情。

linux debian
Martin Hope
shirish
Asked: 2021-11-11 12:37:28 +0800 CST
  • 1

我的问题与它有些相似，但仍然允许我详细说明。我一直在访问一个名为 wttr.in 的天气应用程序，从中可以获取天气信息。这可以很容易地通过 -

$ curl wttr.in/Pune?format=4

现在我很想知道气象站是提供当前数据还是陈旧数据，我知道了一种叫做 j1 格式的东西，它给出了服务器上次更新天气信息的时间。

$ curl wttr.in/Pune?format=j1 | less

上面的查询给了我大量的数据，比如 -

current_condition": [
        {
            "FeelsLikeC": "18",
            "FeelsLikeF": "65",
            "cloudcover": "4",
            "humidity": "42",
            "localObsDateTime": "2021-11-11 12:20 AM",
            "observation_time": "06:50 PM",
            "precipInches": "0.0",
            "precipMM": "0.0",
            "pressure": "1012",
            "pressureInches": "30",
            "temp_C": "18",

现在，如果我使用 grep 我会得到这样的输出 -

$ curl wttr.in/Pune?format=j1 | grep "localObsDateTime"
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
  2 48685    2  1159    0     0   4199      0  0:00:11 --:--:--  0:00:11  4184            "localObsDateTime": "2021-11-11 12:20 AM",
100 48685  100 48685    0     0  90830      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 90661

我听说 jq 可以美化它并且 makt ie 容易，谁能告诉我如何。此外，如果有任何其他方式来获取数据，而不是 curl 也会很有趣。

FWIW 我已经安装了 ja 1.6，最后的 bash 版本是 5.1.8。

grep jq
Martin Hope
shirish
Asked: 2021-09-01 23:40:58 +0800 CST
  • 0

几周前，Debian 11发布了。现在我知道测试回购通常需要 2-4 周的时间。被打开。有办法知道吗？一些命令什么的。？我知道的唯一方法就是在 /etc/apt/sources.list 中有路径，然后 apt update 或 apt-get update 看看它是否有效，如果没有，它不会。但这似乎是一个反复试验的事情。

debian apt
Martin Hope
shirish
Asked: 2020-02-19 14:56:10 +0800 CST
  • 3

几天前，我正在使用 FFmpeg 从视频文件的开始位置到结束位置读取剪切部分，我尝试了以下操作，它奏效了。虽然视频部分很好，但我不确定音频是否可以做得更好。我就是这样做的

$ ffmpeg -ss 00:11:50 -i input.mkv -t 165 -c:v libx264 -preset slower -crf 22 -c:a copy output.mkv

我正在根据自己的要求剪辑一段视频。像剪辑或电影或音频/视频片段之类的东西，很好，古怪等。

有没有更好的办法？

我在 Debian 测试中使用 ffmpeg 4.2.2，最终将成为 Debian Bullseye (11.0)

debian audio
Martin Hope
shirish
Asked: 2020-02-07 00:56:14 +0800 CST
  • 0

有时我会编辑字幕文件 (.srt)，有时我会找到一个应该使用音乐符号的地方。我不知道如何让音乐符号出现在编辑器中。我使用 subitlteditor 和 featherpad 等编辑器，可以使用其中任何一个来进行编辑，但无法弄清楚如何获得音乐符号符号。如果这有什么不同，我正在使用 Debian testing/bullseye。

debian editors
Martin Hope
shirish
Asked: 2020-01-27 03:54:13 +0800 CST
  • -1

很多时候我都有一个youtube-dl例子。当youtube-dl下载文件时，它会在*.part类似于大多数文件下载器的文件中这样做（参见例如https://www.file-extensions.org/part-file-extension）。

当然不同（这很好）是它下载媒体文件名以及部分等。问题是有时我忘记了*.part文件的名称。现在有没有办法解析一个目录并告诉/与我分享是否有任何目录或子目录中包含*.part文件？

debian shell
Martin Hope
shirish
Asked: 2020-01-05 02:31:06 +0800 CST
  • 5

我在看 bind9-host

shirish@debian:"04 Jan 2020 15:48:02" ~$ aptitude show bind9-host=1:9.11.5.P4+dfsg-5.1+b1
Package: bind9-host                      
Version: 1:9.11.5.P4+dfsg-5.1+b1
State: installed
Automatically installed: no
Priority: standard
Section: net
Maintainer: Debian DNS Team <[email protected]>
Architecture: amd64
Uncompressed Size: 369 k
Compressed Size: 271 k
Filename: pool/main/b/bind9/bind9-host_9.11.5.P4+dfsg-5.1+b1_amd64.deb
Checksum-FileSize: 271156
MD5Sum: 8cd326a23a51acdb773df5b7dce76060
SHA256: 977287c7212e9d3e671b85fdd04734b4908fe86d4b3581e47fb86d8b27cfdb3b
Archive: testing
Depends: libbind9-161 (= 1:9.11.5.P4+dfsg-5.1+b1), libdns1104 (= 1:9.11.5.P4+dfsg-5.1+b1), libisc1100 (= 1:9.11.5.P4+dfsg-5.1+b1), libisccfg163 (= 1:9.11.5.P4+dfsg-5.1+b1), liblwres161 (= 1:9.11.5.P4+dfsg-5.1+b1),      libc6 (>= 2.14), libcap2 (>= 1:2.10), libcom-err2 (>= 1.43.9), libfstrm0 (>= 0.2.0), libgeoip1, libgssapi-krb5-2 (>= 1.6.dfsg.2), libidn2-0 (>= 2.0.0), libjson-c4 (>= 0.13.1), libk5crypto3 (>= 1.6.dfsg.2), libkrb5-3 (>=         1.6.dfsg.2), liblmdb0 (>= 0.9.6), libprotobuf-c1 (>= 1.0.0), libssl1.1 (>= 1.1.0), libxml2 (>= 2.6.27)
Provides: host
Description: DNS lookup utility (deprecated)
 This package provides /usr/bin/host, a simple utility (bundled with the BIND 9.X sources) which can be used for converting domain names to IP addresses and the reverse. 

 This utility is deprecated, use dig or delv from the dnsutils package.
Homepage: https://www.isc.org/downloads/bind/

对我来说有趣的是，虽然该实用程序本身已被弃用并且程序本身存在许多问题，但该实用程序似乎仍然存在，但不明白为什么？我也没有在 /usr/share/doc/bind9-host 中看到任何弃用通知或文档。通常有一个 NEWS.gz 提供此信息。但在这个包中没有一个。Changelog.gz 和其他人没有。

有趣的是，他们继续这样做——

$ apt-cache policy bind9-host
bind9-host:
  Installed: 1:9.11.5.P4+dfsg-5.1+b1
  Candidate: 1:9.11.5.P4+dfsg-5.1+b1
  Version table:
     1:9.15.7-1 100
        100 http://cdn-fastly.deb.debian.org/debian experimental/main amd64 Packages
     1:9.11.14+dfsg-1 100
        100 http://cdn-fastly.deb.debian.org/debian unstable/main amd64 Packages
 *** 1:9.11.5.P4+dfsg-5.1+b1 900
        900 http://cdn-fastly.deb.debian.org/debian testing/main amd64 Packages
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
debian hostname
Martin Hope
shirish
Asked: 2019-12-29 15:19:45 +0800 CST
  • 1

例如，我有这种字幕

1
00:01:55,201 --> 00:01:58,401
<font face="sans-serif" size="47"><font size="20"><b>It's absurd going to school
every day. The school's closed today.</b><font color="#ffffff"></font></font>

现在我无法弄清楚字体颜色。有没有办法获取颜色图表或给出名称或其他东西来清楚句子的颜色是什么？

mpv video-subtitles
Martin Hope
shirish
Asked: 2019-12-07 15:37:40 +0800 CST
  • 2

这与我大约 3 年前提出的一个问题有关。从那以后，事情显然发生了一些变化。显而易见的一个是 aptitude 本身已经从它的任何版本更改为 aptitude 0.8.12 或更准确地说 -

$ aptitude --version
aptitude 0.8.12
Compiler: g++ 9.2.1 20190821
Compiled against:
  apt version 5.0.2
  NCurses version 6.1
  libsigc++ version: 2.10.1
  Gtk+ support disabled.
  Qt support disabled.

Current library versions:
  NCurses version: ncurses 6.1.20191019
  cwidget version: 0.5.18
  Apt version: 5.0.2

改变的另一件事是 aptitude 在 aptitude-doc-en 中有它的文档，我感兴趣的点/文档位于 -

文件：///usr/share/doc/aptitude/html/en/ch02s05s05.html

它说的地方 -

Option: Aptitude::CmdLine::Verbose
Default: 0
Description: This controls how verbose the command-line mode of aptitude is. Every occurrence of the -v command-line option adds 1 to

这个值。

现在配置文件应该在三个地方之一，我选择并做了一个 3-4 行

$ cat ~/.aptitude/config
Aptitude "";
Aptitude::CmdLine "";
Aptitude::CmdLine::Verbose "2";

现在我不知道这是否足够好。我尝试了以下命令 -

$ sudo apt update

和

$ sudo aptitude update

但两者都没有给我更多的输出。难道我做错了什么 ？

debian apt
Martin Hope
shirish
Asked: 2019-11-26 15:47:43 +0800 CST
  • 1

很多时候，如果我遇到一些有趣的内容、辩论等，其中涉及一些 pdf，我很幸运，通常我会让作者将内容/pdf 邮寄给我，或者在 IM 上给我发送相同的内容或其他. 随着时间的推移，我忘记了上下文或谁将内容发送给我。虽然我不知道限制，但我很确定至少可以添加几个字段。例如，这里是我正在查看的 pdf 文件的元数据。

File Size                       : 3.6 MB
File Modification Date/Time     : 2019:11:24 01:11:52+05:30
File Access Date/Time           : 2019:11:24 01:12:00+05:30
File Inode Change Date/Time     : 2019:11:24 01:11:54+05:30
File Permissions                : rw-r--r--
File Type                       : PDF
File Type Extension             : pdf
MIME Type                       : application/pdf
PDF Version                     : 1.4
Linearized                      : No
Page Count                      : 54
Producer                        : Mac OS X 10.11.6 Quartz PDFContext
Creator                         : LaTeX with hyperref package
Create Date                     : 2018:05:01 19:56:31Z
Modify Date                     : 2018:05:01 19:56:31Z

现在我问一种方法，我可以添加诸如超链接之类的字段（这样我就可以记住我从哪里下载了特定文件），或者from : [email protected]我总是可以知道/参考或在以后找出谁共享了内容/pdf文件与我一起。我确实看到了 pdftk 的手册页，或者更确切地说是 Debian 中的 pdftk-java。有一个东西叫update_info，但共享的例子并没有让我很容易理解一个人应该如何使用它。有人可以帮忙吗？

debian pdf
Martin Hope
shirish
Asked: 2019-11-26 06:46:27 +0800 CST
  • 2

在 Debian 中，您可以使用 zgrep 来通过 gunzip 压缩的存档文件进行 grep。制作 gunzip 文件的原因很简单，诸如变更日志之类的文件非常庞大，可以进行高度压缩。问题在于 zgrep 您只能获得特定的行，而没有高于或低于信息。提供上下文信息。关于改变本身。一个例子来说明 -

usr/share/doc/intel-microcode$ zgrep Fallout changelog.gz
  * Implements MDS mitigation (RIDL, Fallout, Zombieload), INTEL-SA-00223
  * Implements MDS mitigation (RIDL, Fallout, Zombieload), INTEL-SA-00223

现在可以看出，我的芯片似乎受到了 RIDL、Fallout 和 Zombieload 错误的影响，这些错误似乎已被提到的软件补丁 INTEL-SA-00223 修复，但可以看出它非常不完整。

出路是使用 zless 然后 /RIDL 或任何其他关键字，然后你知道但我想知道是否有任何其他方法或者这是唯一的解决方法？FWIW 确实知道这些错误在 2019 年 5 月 14 日得到缓解，当时英特尔制作了影响这些问题和其他各种问题的软件补丁。我确实尝试使用管道使用“头部”和“尾部”，但它们都没有被证明是有效的。

debian regular-expression
Martin Hope
shirish
Asked: 2019-11-15 22:23:32 +0800 CST
  • 4

我有一台具有 i5-7400 CPU @ 3.00GHz 的四核英特尔机器。

最近，英特尔为受幽灵漏洞影响的机器推出了一系列新的更新。

可以在 Debian paste看到最新更新的 changelog.gz 。我刚刚分享了最新的更新。

现在当我运行以下命令时 -

$ sudo iucode_tool -tb -lS /lib/firmware/intel-ucode/*

我得到了所有捆绑包的列表，并且能够通过检查 pf_mask 十六进制代码、日期、修订号和文件大小（以字节为单位）来确认固件已更新。

我的问题或疑问是：我是否应该在 /etc/default/microcode 中保留已放置的修改或再次将其注释掉？

$ cat /etc/default/intel-microcode
# Configuration script for intel-microcode version 3

#
# initramfs helper
#

# Set this to "no" to disable automatic microcode updates on boot;
# Set this to "auto" to use early initramfs mode automatically (default);
# Set this to "early" to always attempt to create an early initramfs;
IUCODE_TOOL_INITRAMFS=auto

# Set this to "yes" (default) to use "iucode_tool --scan-system" to reduce
# the initramfs size bloat, by detecting which Intel processors are active
# in this system, and installing only their microcodes.
#
# Set this to "no" to either include all microcodes, or only the microcodes
# selected through the use of IUCODE_TOOL_EXTRA_OPTIONS below.
#
# WARNING: including all microcodes will increase initramfs size greatly.
# This can cause boot issues if the initramfs is already large.
IUCODE_TOOL_SCANCPUS=yes

# Extra options to pass to iucode_tool, useful to forbid or to
# force the inclusion of microcode for specific processor signatures.
# See iucode_tool(8) for details.
#IUCODE_TOOL_EXTRA_OPTIONS=""

期待知道什么是最好的方法。我也确实咨询了 wiki页面 ，它似乎有一些有趣的细节 -

$ zgrep "microcode updated early to" /var/log/kern.log*
/var/log/kern.log:Nov 14 02:59:32 debian kernel: [    0.000000] microcode: microcode updated early to revision xxxx, date = 2019-04-01
/var/log/kern.log:Nov 15 10:16:23 debian kernel: [    0.000000] microcode: microcode updated early to revision xxxx, date = 2019-08-14

我确实发现英特尔微码有几个更新，我有最新的更新 -

$ apt-cache policy intel-microcode
intel-microcode:
  Installed: 3.20191112.1
  Candidate: 3.20191112.1
  Version table:
 *** 3.20191112.1 900
        900 http://cdn-fastly.deb.debian.org/debian testing/non-free amd64 Packages
        100 http://cdn-fastly.deb.debian.org/debian unstable/non-free amd64 Packages
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status

内核日志中似乎有趣的是，修订版十六进制代码/版本与之前的版本相比发生了巨大变化。

debian
Martin Hope
shirish
Asked: 2019-10-15 01:04:47 +0800 CST
  • 0

我想在下载媒体文件时将以下内容作为 youtube-dl 的最佳参数来考虑。

/media/$ youtube-dl -c -f youtube-dl 'bestvideo[height<=720]+bestaudio/best[height<=720 VideoID

我根据https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl#configuration创建了一个配置文件，但它目前是空的。

我想弄清楚在配置文件中写什么。

$ cat ~/.config/youtube-dl/config
$ youtube-dl --version
2019.09.28

使用 Debian 测试（全部更新）。

debian
Martin Hope
shirish
Asked: 2019-07-13 12:17:36 +0800 CST
  • 1

我想像在 mpv 中播放视频文件一样拥有控件。有没有办法做到这一点？

我试过了，例如

$ mpv --fullscreen music.mp3

但没有得到任何有效的东西。

我什至试着mpv --list-options看看是否有什么我错过但空无一物的东西。

期待指导。

debian audio
Martin Hope
shirish
Asked: 2019-05-06 16:09:04 +0800 CST
  • 1

据我所知，apt 仅记录您或它 apt 执行 apt 挂钩来更新 apt 数据库的时间。有没有办法知道镜像的时间戳或知道镜像何时更新？

为了更清楚，让我分享一个实际的例子 -

从下面可以看出，日期和时间是根据 IST -

$ date
Mon May  6 05:28:09 IST 2019

我刚刚运行了一个 apt update 并在 /var/cache/apt/ 中显示了更新索引所需的时间 -

/var/cache/apt$ ls -lh 
total 85M
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 360K May  6 04:11 archives
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  43M May  6 05:32 pkgcache.bin
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  42M May  6 05:32 srcpkgcache.bin

当然，现在花费的时间有各种原因，速度，有多少增量或需要下载的完整未发布文件等等。

似乎没有办法知道您正在更新的镜像或镜像的最新情况以及您可能与 Debian archive 相关的某种数据/编号。?

不过要明确一点，我正在使用 cdn-fastly.deb.debian.org 并且效果很好。我很好奇，尽管有时它的反应不如我们想要的那么多。例如，像 firefox-esr 中的问题和扩展的 torbrowser-launcher 中的问题。

有关更多信息，请参阅https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=928415。

debian time
Martin Hope
shirish
Asked: 2019-04-28 17:03:03 +0800 CST
  • 2

我今天在玩我的 Debian 安装，发现了一件有趣的事情。如果我这样做

$ apt-key list
/etc/apt/trusted.gpg
--------------------
pub   rsa4096 2019-04-15 [SC] [expires: 2024-04-13]
      12D4 CD60 0C22 40A9 F4A8  2071 D7B0 B669 41D0 1538
uid           [ unknown] riot.im packages <[email protected]>
sub   rsa3072 2019-04-15 [S] [expires: 2021-04-14]

pub   rsa4096 2019-04-15 [SC] [expires: 2024-04-13]
      AAF9 AE84 3A75 84B5 A3E4  CD2B CF45 A512 DE2D A058
uid           [ unknown] matrix.org packages <[email protected]>
sub   rsa3072 2019-04-15 [S] [expires: 2021-04-14]

pub   rsa4096 2017-05-22 [SC] [expires: 2025-05-20]
      E1CF 20DD FFE4 B89E 8026  58F1 E0B1 1894 F66A EC98
uid           [ unknown] Debian Archive Automatic Signing Key (9/stretch) <[email protected]>
sub   rsa4096 2017-05-22 [S] [expires: 2025-05-20]

pub   rsa4096 2014-11-21 [SC] [expires: 2022-11-19]
      D211 6914 1CEC D440 F2EB  8DDA 9D6D 8F6B C857 C906
uid           [ unknown] Debian Security Archive Automatic Signing Key (8/jessie) <[email protected]>

/etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/debian-archive-buster-automatic.gpg
----------------------------------------------------------
pub   rsa4096 2019-04-14 [SC] [expires: 2027-04-12]
      80D1 5823 B7FD 1561 F9F7  BCDD DC30 D7C2 3CBB ABEE
uid           [ unknown] Debian Archive Automatic Signing Key (10/buster) <[email protected]>
sub   rsa4096 2019-04-14 [S] [expires: 2027-04-12]

/etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/debian-archive-buster-security-automatic.gpg
-------------------------------------------------------------------
pub   rsa4096 2019-04-14 [SC] [expires: 2027-04-12]
      5E61 B217 265D A980 7A23  C5FF 4DFA B270 CAA9 6DFA
uid           [ unknown] Debian Security Archive Automatic Signing Key (10/buster) <[email protected]>
sub   rsa4096 2019-04-14 [S] [expires: 2027-04-12]

/etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/debian-archive-buster-stable.gpg
-------------------------------------------------------
pub   rsa4096 2019-02-05 [SC] [expires: 2027-02-03]
      6D33 866E DD8F FA41 C014  3AED DCC9 EFBF 77E1 1517
uid           [ unknown] Debian Stable Release Key (10/buster) <[email protected]>

当我使用 debian-buster 时，我很好奇为什么它有 jessie 和拉伸键。在上面这些是两个键 -

pub   rsa4096 2017-05-22 [SC] [expires: 2025-05-20]
      E1CF 20DD FFE4 B89E 8026  58F1 E0B1 1894 F66A EC98
uid           [ unknown] Debian Archive Automatic Signing Key (9/stretch) <[email protected]>
sub   rsa4096 2017-05-22 [S] [expires: 2025-05-20]

pub   rsa4096 2014-11-21 [SC] [expires: 2022-11-19]
      D211 6914 1CEC D440 F2EB  8DDA 9D6D 8F6B C857 C906
uid           [ unknown] Debian Security Archive Automatic Signing Key (8/jessie) <[email protected]>

我删除了使用 -

$ sudo apt-key del E1CF20DDFFE4B89E802658F1E0B11894F66AEC98

也 -

$ sudo apt-key del D21169141CECD440F2EB8DDA9D6D8F6BC857C906

当两个键都被删除时，我得到了 pub keys 错误

$ sudo apt update
Hit:1 http://cdn-fastly.deb.debian.org/debian buster InRelease                                               
Err:1 http://cdn-fastly.deb.debian.org/debian buster InRelease                           
  The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 7638D0442B90D010 NO_PUBKEY 04EE7237B7D453EC
Hit:2 http://cdn-fastly.deb.debian.org/debian-security buster/updates InRelease         
Err:2 http://cdn-fastly.deb.debian.org/debian-security buster/updates InRelease         
  The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 9D6D8F6BC857C906 NO_PUBKEY AA8E81B4331F7F50
Hit:3 http://cdn-fastly.deb.debian.org/debian unstable InRelease                         
Err:3 http://cdn-fastly.deb.debian.org/debian unstable InRelease                         
  The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 7638D0442B90D010 NO_PUBKEY 04EE7237B7D453EC
Hit:4 http://cdn-fastly.deb.debian.org/debian experimental InRelease                     
Err:4 http://cdn-fastly.deb.debian.org/debian experimental InRelease                     
  The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 7638D0442B90D010 NO_PUBKEY 04EE7237B7D453EC
Hit:5 http://debug.mirrors.debian.org/debian-debug buster-debug InRelease
Err:5 http://debug.mirrors.debian.org/debian-debug buster-debug InRelease
  The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 7638D0442B90D010 NO_PUBKEY 04EE7237B7D453EC
Hit:6 http://debug.mirrors.debian.org/debian-debug unstable-debug InRelease
Hit:7 http://debug.mirrors.debian.org/debian-debug experimental-debug InRelease
Err:6 http://debug.mirrors.debian.org/debian-debug unstable-debug InRelease
  The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 7638D0442B90D010 NO_PUBKEY 04EE7237B7D453EC
Err:7 http://debug.mirrors.debian.org/debian-debug experimental-debug InRelease
  The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 7638D0442B90D010 NO_PUBKEY 04EE7237B7D453EC
Hit:8 https://packages.riot.im/debian buster InRelease
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
3 packages can be upgraded. Run 'apt list --upgradable' to see them.
W: An error occurred during the signature verification. The repository is not updated and the previous index files will be used. GPG error: http://cdn-fastly.deb.debian.org/debian buster InRelease: The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 7638D0442B90D010 NO_PUBKEY 04EE7237B7D453EC
W: An error occurred during the signature verification. The repository is not updated and the previous index files will be used. GPG error: http://cdn-fastly.deb.debian.org/debian-security buster/updates InRelease: The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 9D6D8F6BC857C906 NO_PUBKEY AA8E81B4331F7F50
W: An error occurred during the signature verification. The repository is not updated and the previous index files will be used. GPG error: http://cdn-fastly.deb.debian.org/debian unstable InRelease: The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 7638D0442B90D010 NO_PUBKEY 04EE7237B7D453EC
W: An error occurred during the signature verification. The repository is not updated and the previous index files will be used. GPG error: http://cdn-fastly.deb.debian.org/debian experimental InRelease: The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 7638D0442B90D010 NO_PUBKEY 04EE7237B7D453EC
W: An error occurred during the signature verification. The repository is not updated and the previous index files will be used. GPG error: http://debug.mirrors.debian.org/debian-debug buster-debug InRelease: The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 7638D0442B90D010 NO_PUBKEY 04EE7237B7D453EC
W: An error occurred during the signature verification. The repository is not updated and the previous index files will be used. GPG error: http://debug.mirrors.debian.org/debian-debug unstable-debug InRelease: The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 7638D0442B90D010 NO_PUBKEY 04EE7237B7D453EC
W: An error occurred during the signature verification. The repository is not updated and the previous index files will be used. GPG error: http://debug.mirrors.debian.org/debian-debug experimental-debug InRelease: The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 7638D0442B90D010 NO_PUBKEY 04EE7237B7D453EC
W: Failed to fetch http://cdn-fastly.deb.debian.org/debian/dists/buster/InRelease  The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 7638D0442B90D010 NO_PUBKEY 04EE7237B7D453EC
W: Failed to fetch http://cdn-fastly.deb.debian.org/debian-security/dists/buster/updates/InRelease  The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 9D6D8F6BC857C906 NO_PUBKEY AA8E81B4331F7F50
W: Failed to fetch http://cdn-fastly.deb.debian.org/debian/dists/unstable/InRelease  The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 7638D0442B90D010 NO_PUBKEY 04EE7237B7D453EC
W: Failed to fetch http://cdn-fastly.deb.debian.org/debian/dists/experimental/InRelease  The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 7638D0442B90D010 NO_PUBKEY 04EE7237B7D453EC
W: Failed to fetch http://debug.mirrors.debian.org/debian-debug/dists/buster-debug/InRelease  The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 7638D0442B90D010 NO_PUBKEY 04EE7237B7D453EC
W: Failed to fetch http://debug.mirrors.debian.org/debian-debug/dists/unstable-debug/InRelease  The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 7638D0442B90D010 NO_PUBKEY 04EE7237B7D453EC
W: Failed to fetch http://debug.mirrors.debian.org/debian-debug/dists/experimental-debug/InRelease  The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 7638D0442B90D010 NO_PUBKEY 04EE7237B7D453E

我的 /etc/apt/sources.list 是 -

$ cat /etc/apt/sources.list

                               #### Debian buster #########
        deb http://cdn-fastly.deb.debian.org/debian/ buster main contrib non-free
    deb-src http://cdn-fastly.deb.debian.org/debian buster main contrib non-free
        deb http://cdn-fastly.deb.debian.org/debian-security buster/updates main
    deb-src http://cdn-fastly.deb.debian.org/debian-security buster/updates main


                              #### Debian unstable #########
        deb http://cdn-fastly.deb.debian.org/debian unstable main contrib non-free
    deb-src http://cdn-fastly.deb.debian.org/debian unstable main contrib non-free


                           #### Debian experimental #########
       deb http://cdn-fastly.deb.debian.org/debian experimental main contrib
   deb-src http://cdn-fastly.deb.debian.org/debian experimental main contrib

                         ##### Debian Debug packages #######
       deb http://debug.mirrors.debian.org/debian-debug/ buster-debug main
       deb http://debug.mirrors.debian.org/debian-debug/ unstable-debug main
       deb http://debug.mirrors.debian.org/debian-debug/ experimental-debug main


                    ######## Third party repos #######
      deb https://riot.im/packages/debian/ buster main

并且不得不使用 gpg 导入它们（我知道它不安全但必须这样做-）

# gpg --recv-keys AA8E81B4331F7F50
gpg: key EDA0D2388AE22BA9: 11 signatures not checked due to missing keys
gpg: key EDA0D2388AE22BA9: public key "Debian Security Archive Automatic Signing Key (9/stretch) <[email protected]>" imported
gpg: no ultimately trusted keys found
gpg: Total number processed: 1
gpg:               imported: 1

接着 -

# gpg --export AA8E81B4331F7F50 | apt-key add
OK

我很想知道 apt 什么时候开始支持旧版本的签名以及最新的密钥？它是最近的现象还是真正古老的现象？我的意思是它是在 Etch (4.0) 还是更高版本中完成的？

更新 - 它从 Strech Install 开始，即 9，现在有了 buster。

至于另一个问题， /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/ 有 -

/etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/debian-archive-buster-automatic.gpg
----------------------------------------------------------
pub   rsa4096 2019-04-14 [SC] [expires: 2027-04-12]
      80D1 5823 B7FD 1561 F9F7  BCDD DC30 D7C2 3CBB ABEE
uid           [ unknown] Debian Archive Automatic Signing Key (10/buster) <[email protected]>
sub   rsa4096 2019-04-14 [S] [expires: 2027-04-12]

/etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/debian-archive-buster-security-automatic.gpg
-------------------------------------------------------------------
pub   rsa4096 2019-04-14 [SC] [expires: 2027-04-12]
      5E61 B217 265D A980 7A23  C5FF 4DFA B270 CAA9 6DFA
uid           [ unknown] Debian Security Archive Automatic Signing Key (10/buster) <[email protected]>
sub   rsa4096 2019-04-14 [S] [expires: 2027-04-12]

/etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/debian-archive-buster-stable.gpg
-------------------------------------------------------
pub   rsa4096 2019-02-05 [SC] [expires: 2027-02-03]
      6D33 866E DD8F FA41 C014  3AED DCC9 EFBF 77E1 1517
uid           [ unknown] Debian Stable Release Key (10/buster) <[email protected]>
debian apt
Martin Hope
shirish
Asked: 2019-03-17 16:47:08 +0800 CST
  • 2

我正在使用 gpg -

$ gpg --version
gpg (GnuPG) 2.2.12
libgcrypt 1.8.4

我试图了解这两个命令之间的区别：

$ gpg --list-key

和：

$ gpg --fingerprint

无论我看到什么，我都看不出两个输出之间有任何区别。我看错了吗？

debian gpg