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问题[apt](unix)

Martin Hope
dylanmorroll
Asked: 2025-03-17 18:43:09 +0800 CST
  • 8

如果您检查手册页本身，您会看到最低括号的优先级定义为：

       0 < P < 100
           causes a version to be installed only if there is no installed
           version of the package

然而，我发现一些地方引用了不同的括号0 < P <=100：

甚至还有以下几个例子0 <= P <=100：

这一情况是否随着时间的推移而发生了变化，还是只是存在一些错误信息？

如果它随着时间的推移而发生了变化，我是否可以在某处看到不同分布中使用了哪些优先级括号？

apt
Martin Hope
Vlastimil Burián
Asked: 2024-12-21 03:27:32 +0800 CST
  • 7

我在我的 Linux Mint 22（Ubuntu Noble 基础）上保留了一个程序的残余配置。

这是因为我不知道如果清除旧版本会发生什么，我的意思是这样的：

sudo apt-get purge virtualbox-7.0

当前版本 (7.1) 不会受到影响吗？还是相反，即它会删除所有virtualbox配置？

apt请问此操作的（默认）行为是什么？

以下是版本列表：

$ apt list -a virtualbox-7.1

virtualbox-7.1/unknown,now 7.1.4-165100~Ubuntu~noble amd64 [installed]


$ apt list -a virtualbox-7.0

virtualbox-7.0/unknown 7.0.22-165102~Ubuntu~noble amd64 [residual-config]
virtualbox-7.0/now 7.0.20-163906~Ubuntu~noble amd64 [residual-config]

这将是评论部分：

第一个请求来自 Stephen Kitt，谢谢。

$ dpkg -L virtualbox-7.0

Package virtualbox-7.0 does not contain any files (!)

$ ll /var/lib/dpkg/info/virtualbox-7.0.*

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 2024-Sep-12 /var/lib/dpkg/info/virtualbox-7.0.list
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2,1K 2024-Jul-11 /var/lib/dpkg/info/virtualbox-7.0.postrm

该.postrm文件包含：

#!/bin/sh
# $Id: postrm 155244 2023-01-17 14:15:46Z bird $
## @file
# VirtualBox post remove.
#

# License and other commentary redacted for shortness.


if [ "$1" = "purge" -a ! -f /etc/init.d/vboxdrv ] ; then
  update-rc.d vboxdrv remove >/dev/null || exit $?
fi
if [ "$1" = "purge" -a ! -f /etc/init.d/vboxnet ] ; then
  update-rc.d vboxnet remove >/dev/null || exit $?
fi
if [ "$1" = "purge" -a ! -f /etc/init.d/vboxweb-service ] ; then
  update-rc.d vboxweb-service remove >/dev/null || exit $?
fi
if [ "$1" = "purge" -a ! -f /etc/init.d/vboxballoonctrl-service ] ; then
  update-rc.d vboxballoonctrl-service remove >/dev/null || exit $?
fi

# remove installed extension packs
if [ "$1" = "purge" ]; then
  rm -rf /usr/lib/virtualbox/ExtensionPacks/*
fi

# Automatically added by dh_installdebconf/13.14.1ubuntu5
if [ "$1" = purge ] && [ -e /usr/share/debconf/confmodule ]; then
    . /usr/share/debconf/confmodule
    db_purge
fi
# End automatically added section


exit 0
apt
Martin Hope
Kingsley
Asked: 2024-12-18 05:00:38 +0800 CST
  • 5

有时，apt/apt-get会推荐额外的包：

# sudo apt-get install zangband angband moria endless-sky
[...]
The following additional packages will be installed:
  angband-data endless-sky-data zangband-data
Suggested packages:
  angband-audio angband-bigtiles
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  angband angband-data endless-sky endless-sky-data moria zangband zangband-data

但尝试安装它们通常会失败：

# sudo apt-get install angband-audio angband-bigtiles
[...]
Package angband-audio is not available, but is referred to by another package.
This may mean that the package is missing, has been obsoleted, or
is only available from another source

Package angband-bigtiles is not available, but is referred to by another package.
This may mean that the package is missing, has been obsoleted, or
is only available from another source

E: Package 'angband-audio' has no installation candidate
E: Package 'angband-bigtiles' has no installation candidate

这里发生了什么事？

apt
Martin Hope
smith
Asked: 2024-12-01 21:26:19 +0800 CST
  • 6

我在 Kubuntu 24.04 上，当我打开我的 Chrome 浏览器时，我看到了这样的提示New Chrome available，Chrome is out of date
我没有在我的软件更新中看到 chrome 报告，因此我运行了以下命令：

$sudo apt-get update  
$ sudo apt-get --only-upgrade install google-chrome-stable 
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
google-chrome-stable is already the newest version (129.0.6668.70-1).
The following package was automatically installed and is no longer required:
  mailcap
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove it.
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.

运行此程序时，我的浏览器已关闭，当我重新打开浏览器时，我仍然在右上角看到指示New Chrome available。当我在帮助菜单中检查时，报告的版本是Version 129.0.6668.70 (Official Build)

那么这里的问题是什么？有办法解决这个问题吗？如果没有，我该如何重新安装 Chrome，并且可以在不丢失我登录的帐户的情况下做到这一点吗？

更新以响应用户 10489 的回答

有一个名为：google-chrome.list.distUpgrade 的文件，当我看到其内容时，它显示：

### THIS FILE IS AUTOMATICALLY CONFIGURED ###   
# You may comment out this entry, but any other modifications may be lost.   
# deb [arch=amd64] https://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/ stable main # deactivated during upgrade in noble
apt
Martin Hope
Eric B
Asked: 2024-11-09 21:26:16 +0800 CST
  • 7

我想在家庭网络上的 Raspberry Pi 1B 上托管一个 Web 服务器，因此我想确保软件是最新的，以最大限度地降低安全风险。我考虑使用lighttpd，并让它运行起来，但我只能从 apt 获取 1.4.69 版本，而最新版本是 1.4.76。查看更新日志，似乎有一些漏洞补丁，我希望在我的安装中安装它们。

我检查了几个来源，他们似乎都同意你不能直接从 apt 安装新版本，因为它们需要从上游手动添加到 apt。我可以从源代码构建，但最好避免这样做。但后来我偶然发现了这个问题的答案https://askubuntu.com/questions/970267/how-to-upgrade-lighttpd-1-4-33-to-1-4-47-on-ubuntu-14-04，其中说你可以检查安全补丁是否已反向移植到 apt 中可用的旧版本。

如何检查 1.4.69 和 1.4.76 之间的版本的安全修复是否已添加到从 apt 安装的 1.4.69 版本中？

其他可能相关的信息

Linux raspberrypi 6.6.51+rpt-rpi-v6 #1 Raspbian 1:6.6.51-1+rpt3 (2024-10-08) armv6l GNU/Linux

/etc/apt/sources.list：

deb [ arch=armhf ] http://raspbian.raspberrypi.com/raspbian/ bookworm main contrib non-free rpi

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ apt show lighttpd
Package: lighttpd
Version: 1.4.69-1
Priority: optional
Section: httpd
Maintainer: Debian lighttpd maintainers <[email protected]>
Installed-Size: 814 kB
Provides: httpd, httpd-cgi, lighttpd-mod-accesslog, lighttpd-mod-ajp13, lighttpd-mod-auth, lighttpd-mod-authn-file, lighttpd-mod-cgi, lighttpd-mod-dirlisting, lighttpd-mod-extforward, lighttpd-mod-proxy, lighttpd-mod-rrdtool, lighttpd-mod-sockproxy, lighttpd-mod-ssi, lighttpd-mod-status, lighttpd-mod-userdir, lighttpd-mod-vhostdb, lighttpd-mod-wstunnel
Pre-Depends: init-system-helpers (>= 1.54~)
Depends: libc6 (>= 2.36), libcrypt1 (>= 1:4.1.0), libnettle8, libpcre2-8-0 (>= 10.22), libxxhash0 (>= 0.6.5), media-types | mime-support, systemd-sysv | lsb-base
Recommends: spawn-fcgi, perl:any, lighttpd-mod-deflate, lighttpd-mod-openssl
Suggests: openssl, php-cgi, php-fpm (>= 2:7.4), apache2-utils, lighttpd-doc, lighttpd-mod-webdav, lighttpd-modules-dbi, lighttpd-modules-lua
Conflicts: lighttpd-mod-geoip, lighttpd-mod-trigger-b4-dl
Homepage: https://www.lighttpd.net/
Download-Size: 306 kB
APT-Sources: http://raspbian.raspberrypi.com/raspbian bookworm/main armhf Packages
Description: fast webserver with minimal memory footprint
 lighttpd is a small webserver and fast webserver developed with
 security in mind and a lot of features.
 It has support for
   * CGI, FastCGI and SSI
   * virtual hosts
   * URL rewriting
   * authentication (plain files, htpasswd, LDAP)
   * transparent content compression
   * conditional configuration
   * HTTP proxying
 and configuration is straight-forward and easy.
apt
Martin Hope
iamthebull
Asked: 2024-09-10 01:33:01 +0800 CST
  • 4

我卸载了系统上的 nvidia 驱动程序：

$ sudo apt --purge remove nvidia-driver-470

但有一个包裹仍然孤零零的：

$ apt list --installed | grep nvidia

WARNING: apt does not have a stable CLI interface. Use with caution in scripts.

libnvidia-compute-470/jammy,now 470.239.06-1pop0~1710862379~22.04~5a92c99 amd64 [installed,automatic]

如果我理解正确，使用apt rdepends将显示另一个包是否依赖于这个包：

$ sudo apt rdepends libnvidia-compute-470
[sudo] password for david: 
libnvidia-compute-470
Reverse Depends:
  Depends: libnvidia-decode-470 (= 470.256.02-0ubuntu0.22.04.1)
  Depends: nvidia-utils-470
  Depends: nvidia-headless-no-dkms-470 (= 470.256.02-0ubuntu0.22.04.1)
  Depends: nvidia-driver-470 (= 470.256.02-0ubuntu0.22.04.1)
  Depends: nvidia-compute-utils-470
  Depends: libnvidia-decode-470 (= 470.103.01-0ubuntu2)
  Replaces: libnvidia-compute-470 (<< 390.25-0ubuntu2~)
  Depends: libnvidia-compute-465
  Depends: libnvidia-compute-460
  Depends: nvidia-utils-470
  Depends: nvidia-headless-no-dkms-470 (= 470.103.01-0ubuntu2)
  Depends: nvidia-driver-470 (= 470.103.01-0ubuntu2)
  Depends: nvidia-compute-utils-470
  Replaces: libnvidia-compute-470 (<< 390.25-0ubuntu2~)
  Replaces: libnvidia-compute-470 (<< 390.25-0ubuntu2~)
  Depends: libnvidia-compute-465
  Depends: libnvidia-compute-460
  Depends: nvidia-utils-470
  Depends: nvidia-headless-no-dkms-470 (= 470.239.06-1pop0~1710862379~22.04~5a92c99)
  Depends: nvidia-driver-470 (= 470.239.06-1pop0~1710862379~22.04~5a92c99)
  Depends: nvidia-compute-utils-470
  Depends: libnvidia-decode-470 (= 470.239.06-1pop0~1710862379~22.04~5a92c99)
  Depends: libnvidia-compute-430
  Depends: libnvidia-compute-465
  Depends: libnvidia-compute-460
  Depends: libnvidia-compute-455
  Depends: libnvidia-compute-450
  Depends: libnvidia-compute-440

因此，如果我的解释正确，则只有其他 nvidia 软件包依赖于此软件包，并且没有安装其他 nvidia 软件包，那么为什么它仍然存在？apt偶尔会错过一些东西吗？使用 删除此软件包安全吗sudo apt remove libnvidia-compute-470？

编辑：这个问题并不是关于如何卸载 nvidia 驱动程序。它更多的是关于为什么 apt 会这样表现。

apt
Martin Hope
vrgovinda
Asked: 2024-09-07 01:45:41 +0800 CST
  • 8

我在 Devuan Daedalus 上通过 WiFi 路由器使用互联网。

我可以通过浏览器访问互联网，在终端中使用 定期下载yt-dlp并使用 安装/升级。但是当我使用或安装/更新/升级软件包时，它不起作用。pipxaptsynaptic

看起来很奇怪，但是为什么无法 apt访问synaptic互联网？

有人能帮忙吗？还需要其他信息吗？

~$ ping www.duckduckgo.com
PING duckduckgo.com (20.204.244.192) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 20.204.244.192 (20.204.244.192): icmp_seq=1 ttl=115 time=159 ms
64 bytes from 20.204.244.192 (20.204.244.192): icmp_seq=2 ttl=115 time=41.2 ms
64 bytes from 20.204.244.192 (20.204.244.192): icmp_seq=3 ttl=115 time=49.6 ms
64 bytes from 20.204.244.192 (20.204.244.192): icmp_seq=4 ttl=115 time=40.6 ms
64 bytes from 20.204.244.192 (20.204.244.192): icmp_seq=5 ttl=115 time=44.9 ms
64 bytes from 20.204.244.192 (20.204.244.192): icmp_seq=6 ttl=115 time=41.5 ms
^C
--- duckduckgo.com ping statistics ---
6 packets transmitted, 6 received, 0% packet loss, time 5007ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 40.573/62.843/159.275/43.234 ms

1 这是我的sources.list

###############
# local repos #
###############
deb [trusted=yes] file:///home/vrgovinda/offline-backup/daedalus-deb-files/ ./
deb [trusted=yes] file:///media/devuan-dvd-1/ daedalus main non-free contrib non-free-firmware

##################
# standard repos #
##################
deb http://deb.devuan.org/merged daedalus main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb http://deb.devuan.org/merged daedalus-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb http://deb.devuan.org/merged daedalus-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware

2 结果nslookup

~$ nslookup deb.devuan.org
Server:     192.168.0.1
Address:    192.168.0.1#53

Non-authoritative answer:
deb.devuan.org  canonical name = deb.rr.devuan.org.
Name:   deb.rr.devuan.org
Address: 195.85.215.180
Name:   deb.rr.devuan.org
Address: 125.228.189.120
Name:   deb.rr.devuan.org
Address: 46.4.50.2
Name:   deb.rr.devuan.org
Address: 106.178.112.231
Name:   deb.rr.devuan.org
Address: 131.188.12.211
Name:   deb.rr.devuan.org
Address: 147.78.194.22
Name:   deb.rr.devuan.org
Address: 130.225.254.116
Name:   deb.rr.devuan.org
Address: 95.216.15.86
Name:   deb.rr.devuan.org
Address: 202.61.197.17
Name:   deb.rr.devuan.org
Address: 5.161.180.234
Name:   deb.rr.devuan.org
Address: 103.146.168.12
Name:   deb.rr.devuan.org
Address: 67.219.104.166
Name:   deb.rr.devuan.org
Address: 198.58.118.8
Name:   deb.rr.devuan.org
Address: 160.16.137.156
Name:   deb.rr.devuan.org
Address: 185.183.113.131
Name:   deb.rr.devuan.org
Address: 200.236.31.1
Name:   deb.rr.devuan.org
Address: 94.16.114.15
Name:   deb.rr.devuan.org
Address: 141.84.43.19
Name:   deb.rr.devuan.org
Address: 185.178.192.43
Name:   deb.rr.devuan.org
Address: 185.236.240.103
Name:   deb.rr.devuan.org
Address: 190.64.49.124
;; Truncated, retrying in TCP mode.
;; ERROR: ID mismatch: expected ID 48572, got 6849

~$

3 不，没有代理。

4 错误消息

W: Failed to fetch http://deb.devuan.org/merged/dists/daedalus/InRelease  Temporary failure resolving 'deb.devuan.org'
W: Failed to fetch http://deb.devuan.org/merged/dists/daedalus-updates/InRelease  Temporary failure resolving 'deb.devuan.org'
W: Failed to fetch http://deb.devuan.org/merged/dists/daedalus-security/InRelease  Temporary failure resolving 'deb.devuan.org'

5 其他细节

$ grep hosts: /etc/nsswitch.conf 
hosts:          files mdns4_minimal [NOTFOUND=return] dns

$ getent hosts deb.devuan.org
<The cursor just blinks continuously.And returns back to the prompt after a minute>

~$ apt-config dump  | grep -i proxy
~$
apt
Martin Hope
youni
Asked: 2024-07-27 16:24:27 +0800 CST
  • 11

我希望保持系统清洁，并记录下已安装的软件包，以便以后可以删除它们。但有时依赖关系仍然存在。

我安装了该libasound2-plugin-equal包，它也拉进来了caps。我删除了libasound2-plugin-equal，但apt没有删除caps。

root@devuan:~# apt install libasound2-plugin-equal
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
  caps
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  caps libasound2-plugin-equal
0 upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 230 kB of archives.
After this operation, 632 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
Get:1 http://deb.devuan.org/merged daedalus/main amd64 caps amd64 0.9.26-1 [215 kB]
Get:2 http://deb.devuan.org/merged daedalus/main amd64 libasound2-plugin-equal amd64 0.6-8 [14.9 kB]
Fetched 230 kB in 1s (211 kB/s)               
Selecting previously unselected package caps.
(Reading database ... 268554 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../caps_0.9.26-1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking caps (0.9.26-1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libasound2-plugin-equal:amd64.
Preparing to unpack .../libasound2-plugin-equal_0.6-8_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libasound2-plugin-equal:amd64 (0.6-8) ...
Setting up caps (0.9.26-1) ...
Setting up libasound2-plugin-equal:amd64 (0.6-8) ...
root@devuan:~# 
root@devuan:~# 
root@devuan:~# apt remove libasound2-plugin-equal
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
The following packages will be REMOVED:
  libasound2-plugin-equal
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 1 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
After this operation, 72.7 kB disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
(Reading database ... 268570 files and directories currently installed.)
Removing libasound2-plugin-equal:amd64 (0.6-8) ...
root@devuan:~# 
root@devuan:~# 
root@devuan:~# apt autoremove
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
root@devuan:~#

autoremove没有帮助。autoremove既然该caps包是作为依赖项安装的，为什么这里没有反应？

apt
Martin Hope
ealfonso
Asked: 2024-06-25 22:55:17 +0800 CST
  • 6

我注意到 UFW 软件包已从服务器中删除，但不记得手动删除过它。查看 的日志/var/log/apt/history.log，我注意到了以下条目：

Start-Date: 2024-06-24  18:56:55
Commandline: apt-get install -y iptables-persistent
Requested-By: ealfonso (1000)
Install: iptables-persistent:amd64 (1.0.20), netfilter-persistent:amd64 (1.0.20, automatic)
Remove: ufw:amd64 (0.36.2-1)
End-Date: 2024-06-24  18:57:06

我确实请求iptables-persistent安装。上面的日志是否表明安装触发了 UFW 删除iptables-persistent？

从iptables-persistent软件包描述来看，似乎没有与 UFW 直接冲突，并且根据这个答案，UFW 可以兼容iptables-persistent。

apt