在我的部署脚本中，我有诸如排除某些文件的代码。
shopt -s extglob
mv !(deploy.sh|file1|file2) ~/$public
它几乎可以正常工作，但会忽略隐藏文件，因此它们不会被移动。如何改进代码以移动隐藏文件？
我有 Debian Stretch..
我认为普通用户可以以root身份杀死root进程。我以用户身份使用该命令/bin/kill 10733。没有任何错误信息。然后，我输入了类似的命令（不带/bin/前缀）并显示了错误消息。
这里是命令历史
deployer@deployer:~/blog$ kill 10733
-bash: kill: (10733) - Operation not permitted
deployer@deployer:~/blog$ /bin/kill 10733
deployer@deployer:~/blog$ ps aux|grep 10733
root 10733 0.0 0.6 92360 6404 ? Ss 19:19 0:00 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx -g daemon on; master_process on;
deployer 10891 0.0 0.2 12732 2236 pts/0 S+ 20:10 0:00 grep 10733
deployer@deployer:~/blog$ sudo kill 10733
deployer@deployer:~/blog$ ps aux|grep 10733
deployer 10900 0.0 0.2 12732 2232 pts/0 S+ 20:10 0:00 grep 10733
deployer@deployer:~/blog$
事实上，我更喜欢前缀和消息。如何得到它？为什么会这样？
在尝试在 Debian Jessie 上安装 Certbot 时，我需要根据certbot 安装说明进行反向移植。它失败了。然后我尝试将反向引用添加到 Debian sources.list文件中。它也失败了。那么如何在 Jessie 上安装 Certbot 呢？我也想知道如何添加反向端口。
这是我的尝试：
root@deployer:~# apt-get install certbot
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
E: Unable to locate package certbot
root@deployer:~# apt-get install certbot
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
E: Unable to locate package certbot
root@deployer:~#
root@deployer:~# cat /etc/*-release|grep VER
VERSION_ID="8"
VERSION="8 (jessie)"
root@deployer:~# echo deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian/dists/jessie-backports/ jessie-backports main > /etc/apt/sources.list
root@deployer:~# cat /etc/apt/sources.list
deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian/dists/jessie-backports/ jessie-backports main
root@deployer:~# apt-get update
Ign http://ftp.debian.org jessie-backports InRelease
Ign http://ftp.debian.org jessie-backports Release.gpg
Ign http://ftp.debian.org jessie-backports Release
Err http://ftp.debian.org jessie-backports/main amd64 Packages
404 Not Found [IP: 130.89.148.12 80]
Ign http://ftp.debian.org jessie-backports/main Translation-en_US
Ign http://ftp.debian.org jessie-backports/main Translation-en
W: Failed to fetch http://ftp.debian.org/debian/dists/jessie-backports/dists/jessie-backports/main/binary-amd64/Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 130.89.148.12 80]
E: Some index files failed to download. They have been ignored, or old ones used instead.
root@deployer:~# apt-get install certbot
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
E: Unable to locate package certbot
root@deployer:~#
我输入了命令chfn -o umask=002 souser，并期望souser用户随后会创建具有775权限的文件夹，但他没有。如何让某个用户创建的每个新文件夹都具有该组的写入权限？这是我的测试：
s@lokal:~$ sudo adduser souser
Adding user `souser' ...
Adding new group `souser' (1002) ...
Adding new user `souser' (1002) with group `souser' ...
The home directory `/home/souser' already exists. Not copying from `/etc/skel'.
Enter new UNIX password:
Retype new UNIX password:
passwd: password updated successfully
Changing the user information for souser
Enter the new value, or press ENTER for the default
Full Name []:
Room Number []:
Work Phone []:
Home Phone []:
Other []:
Is the information correct? [Y/n] y
s@lokal:~$ sudo usermod -aG sudo souser
s@lokal:~$ su souser
Password:
souser@lokal:/home/s$ cd
souser@lokal:~$ mkdir test
souser@lokal:~$ ls -ld test/
drwxr-xr-x 2 souser souser 4096 Sep 3 14:23 test/
souser@lokal:~$ chfn -o umask=002
chfn: Permission denied.
souser@lokal:~$ sudo chfn -o umask=002 souser
souser@lokal:~$ mkdir test2
souser@lokal:~$ ls -ld test2
drwxr-xr-x 2 souser souser 4096 Sep 3 14:24 test2
souser@lokal:~$ sudo cat /etc/passwd |grep souser
souser:x:1002:1002:,,,,umask=002:/home/souser:/bin/bash
souser@lokal:~$
更新#1
重新登录后是一样的：
souser@lokal:~$ mkdir test3
souser@lokal:~$ ls -ld test3
drwxr-xr-x 2 souser souser 4096 Sep 3 14:42 test3
souser@lokal:~$
更新#2
这也没有帮助：
s@lokal:~/Dropbox$ su - souser
Password:
souser@lokal:~$ mkdir test4
souser@lokal:~$ ls -ld test4
drwxr-xr-x 2 souser souser 4096 Sep 3 14:51 test4
souser@lokal:~$
注意：发行版是 Debian 9。
我在 Debian 8 中准备了 dhcpd 配置，它成功运行，但后来我添加了 bridge，dhcpd 失败了。
桥：
root@remote:/home/s# brctl show
bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces
br0 8000.00224dad5ddf no eth0
eth1
root@remote:/home/s# cat /etc/network/interfaces
auto lo br0
iface lo inet loopback
iface ppp0 inet wvdial
provider orange
iface eth0 inet manual
iface eth1 inet manual
allow-hotplug br0
iface br0 inet static
bridge_ports eth0 eth1
address 192.168.0.1
netmask 255.255.255.0
root@remote:/home/s#
dhcpd：
root@remote:/home/s# systemctl -l status isc-dhcp-server.service
● isc-dhcp-server.service - LSB: DHCP server
Loaded: loaded (/etc/init.d/isc-dhcp-server)
Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Sun 2018-07-01 21:51:43 CEST; 24min ago
Process: 1037 ExecStart=/etc/init.d/isc-dhcp-server start (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
Jul 01 21:51:41 remote dhcpd[1076]: No subnet declaration for eth0 (no IPv4 addresses).
Jul 01 21:51:41 remote dhcpd[1076]: ** Ignoring requests on eth0. If this is not what
Jul 01 21:51:41 remote dhcpd[1076]: you want, please write a subnet declaration
Jul 01 21:51:41 remote dhcpd[1076]: in your dhcpd.conf file for the network segment
Jul 01 21:51:41 remote dhcpd[1076]: to which interface eth0 is attached. **
Jul 01 21:51:43 remote isc-dhcp-server[1037]: Starting ISC DHCP server: dhcpdcheck syslog for diagnostics. ... failed!
Jul 01 21:51:43 remote isc-dhcp-server[1037]: failed!
Jul 01 21:51:43 remote systemd[1]: isc-dhcp-server.service: control process exited, code=exited status=1
Jul 01 21:51:43 remote systemd[1]: Failed to start LSB: DHCP server.
Jul 01 21:51:43 remote systemd[1]: Unit isc-dhcp-server.service entered failed state.
root@remote:/home/s# cat /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
ddns-update-style none;
default-lease-time 600;
max-lease-time 7200;
log-facility local7;
subnet 192.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
range 192.168.0.2 192.168.0.6;
option domain-name-servers 8.8.8.8,8.8.4.4;
option routers 192.168.0.1;}
root@remote:/home/s#
如何添加"subnet declaration for eth0"并修复 dhcpd 服务？