我从 Open Suse Leap 中的软件更新功能收到以下错误消息：
There is no update candidate for kernel-default-devel-5.14.21-150500.55.68.1.x86_64
如果我尝试应用所有可用更新，就会发生这种情况，这些更新始终（可能是因为我已更新到 15.5）包括kernel-devel和的更新kernel-default-devel，均针对版本5.14.21-150500.53.2。但是，YasT 软件包管理在多版本软件包下告诉我，我只安装了 55.65 和 55.68；这些也是我的启动菜单中明确提到的唯一版本。
我必须手动排除这两个包才能使其余更新成功。我该怎么做：
- 避免收到这些消息，
- 确保我的更新正常运行，
- （避免弄乱我的引导程序），并且
- 如果愿意的话，清理一下系统里的所有碎屑？
我忘了为什么要安装这些-devel软件包，但我想可能是因为它们提供了构建某些软件所需的文件——或者只是出于简单的好奇。
房源
（我很抱歉在这些列表中使用了德语；我安装了几种语言，但出于某种原因，它经常使用德语而不是英语！）
pjtraill@PatrickLaptopLinux:~> zypper search /^kernel/
S | Name | Summary | Type
---+--------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+-----------
| kernel-64kb | Kernel with 64kb PAGE_SIZE | Quellpaket
| kernel-azure | Kernel for MS Azure cloud | Paket
| kernel-azure | Kernel for MS Azure cloud | Quellpaket
| kernel-azure-devel | Development files necessary for building kernel modules | Paket
| kernel-azure-extra | Kernel for MS Azure cloud - Unsupported kernel modules | Paket
| kernel-azure-livepatch-devel | Kernel symbols file used during kGraft patch development | Paket
| kernel-azure-optional | Kernel for MS Azure cloud - Optional kernel modules | Paket
| kernel-azure-vdso | vdso binaries for debugging purposes | Paket
| kernel-debug | A Debug Version of the Kernel | Paket
| kernel-debug | A Debug Version of the Kernel | Quellpaket
| kernel-debug-devel | Development files necessary for building kernel modules | Paket
| kernel-debug-livepatch-devel | Kernel symbols file used during kGraft patch development | Paket
| kernel-debug-vdso | vdso binaries for debugging purposes | Paket
i+ | kernel-default | The Standard Kernel | Paket
| kernel-default | The Standard Kernel | Quellpaket
| kernel-default-base | The Standard Kernel - base modules | Paket
| kernel-default-base | The Standard Kernel - base modules | Quellpaket
| kernel-default-base-rebuild | Empty package to ensure rebuilding kernel-default-base in OBS | Paket
i+ | kernel-default-devel | Development files necessary for building kernel modules | Paket
i+ | kernel-default-extra | The Standard Kernel - Unsupported kernel modules | Paket
| kernel-default-livepatch | Metapackage to pull in matching kernel-livepatch package | Paket
| kernel-default-livepatch-devel | Kernel symbols file used during kGraft patch development | Paket
i+ | kernel-default-optional | The Standard Kernel - Optional kernel modules | Paket
| kernel-default-vdso | vdso binaries for debugging purposes | Paket
i+ | kernel-devel | Development files needed for building kernel modules | Paket
| kernel-devel-azure | Development files needed for building kernel modules | Paket
| kernel-devel-rt | Development files needed for building kernel modules | Paket
| kernel-docs | Kernel Documentation | Paket
| kernel-docs | Kernel Documentation | Quellpaket
| kernel-docs-html | Kernel Documentation (HTML) | Paket
| kernel-firmware | Linux kernel firmware files | Paket
| kernel-firmware | Linux kernel firmware files | Quellpaket
i+ | kernel-firmware-all | Compatibility metapackage for kernel firmware files | Paket
i+ | kernel-firmware-amdgpu | Kernel firmware files for AMDGPU graphics driver | Paket
i+ | kernel-firmware-ath10k | Kernel firmware files for Atheros QCA988x WiFi drivers | Paket
i+ | kernel-firmware-ath11k | Kernel firmware files for Atheros Qualcomm WiFi drivers | Paket
i+ | kernel-firmware-atheros | Kernel firmware files for Atheros wireless drivers | Paket
i+ | kernel-firmware-bluetooth | Kernel firmware files for various Bluetooth drivers | Paket
i+ | kernel-firmware-bnx2 | Kernel firmware files for Broadcom network drivers | Paket
i+ | kernel-firmware-brcm | Kernel firmware files for Broadcom wireless drivers | Paket
i+ | kernel-firmware-chelsio | Kernel firmware files for Chelsio network drivers | Paket
i+ | kernel-firmware-dpaa2 | Kernel firmware files for NXP Management Complex bus driver | Paket
i+ | kernel-firmware-i915 | Kernel firmware files for Intel i915 graphics driver | Paket
i+ | kernel-firmware-intel | Kernel firmware files for Intel-platform device drivers | Paket
i+ | kernel-firmware-iwlwifi | Kernel firmware files for Intel wireless drivers | Paket
i+ | kernel-firmware-liquidio | Kernel firmware files for Cavium LiquidIO driver | Paket
i+ | kernel-firmware-marvell | Kernel firmware files for Marvell network drivers | Paket
i+ | kernel-firmware-media | Kernel firmware files for various Video4Linux drivers | Paket
i+ | kernel-firmware-mediatek | Kernel firmware files for Mediatek network drivers | Paket
i+ | kernel-firmware-mellanox | Kernel firmware files for Mellanox Spectrum switch driver | Paket
i+ | kernel-firmware-mwifiex | Kernel firmware files for Marvell WiFi fullmac drivers | Paket
i+ | kernel-firmware-network | Kernel firmware files for various network drivers | Paket
i+ | kernel-firmware-nfp | Kernel firmware files for Netronome Flow Processor driver | Paket
i+ | kernel-firmware-nvidia | Kernel firmware files for Nvidia Tegra and graphics drivers | Paket
| kernel-firmware-nvidia-gsp-G06 | Kernel firmware file for open NVIDIA kernel module driver G06 | Paket
| kernel-firmware-nvidia-gspx-G06 | Kernel firmware file for open NVIDIA kernel module driver G06 | Quellpaket
| kernel-firmware-nvidia-gspx-G06 | Kernel firmware file for open NVIDIA kernel module driver G06 | Paket
| kernel-firmware-nvidia-gspx-G06-cuda | Kernel firmware file for open NVIDIA kernel module driver G06 | Quellpaket
| kernel-firmware-nvidia-gspx-G06-cuda | Kernel firmware file for open NVIDIA kernel module driver G06 | Paket
i+ | kernel-firmware-platform | Kernel firmware files for various platform drivers | Paket
i+ | kernel-firmware-prestera | Kernel firmware files for Marvell Prestera ASIC driver | Paket
i | kernel-firmware-qcom | Kernel firmware files for Qualcomm device drivers | Paket
i+ | kernel-firmware-qlogic | Kernel firmware files for QLogic network drivers | Paket
i+ | kernel-firmware-radeon | Kernel firmware files for Radeon graphics driver | Paket
i+ | kernel-firmware-realtek | Kernel firmware files for Realtek wireless drivers | Paket
i+ | kernel-firmware-serial | Kernel firmware files for various serial drivers | Paket
i+ | kernel-firmware-sound | Kernel firmware files for various sound drivers | Paket
i+ | kernel-firmware-ti | Kernel firmware files for Texas Instruments wireless drivers | Paket
i+ | kernel-firmware-ueagle | Kernel firmware files for Eagle IV USB ADSL modem driver | Paket
i+ | kernel-firmware-usb-network | Kernel firmware files for various USB WiFi / Ethernet drivers | Paket
i | kernel-install-tools | Useful tools for installing self-built kernels | Paket
| kernel-kvmsmall | The Small Developer Kernel for KVM | Paket
| kernel-kvmsmall | The Small Developer Kernel for KVM | Quellpaket
| kernel-kvmsmall-devel | Development files necessary for building kernel modules | Paket
| kernel-kvmsmall-livepatch-devel | Kernel symbols file used during kGraft patch development | Paket
| kernel-kvmsmall-vdso | vdso binaries for debugging purposes | Paket
i+ | kernel-macros | RPM macros for building Kernel Module Packages | Paket
| kernel-obs-build | package kernel and initrd for OBS VM builds | Paket
| kernel-obs-build | package kernel and initrd for OBS VM builds | Quellpaket
| kernel-obs-qa | Basic QA tests for the kernel | Paket
| kernel-obs-qa | Basic QA tests for the kernel | Quellpaket
| kernel-rt | The Linux Kernel | Paket
| kernel-rt | The Linux Kernel | Quellpaket
| kernel-rt-devel | Development files necessary for building kernel modules | Paket
| kernel-rt-extra | The Linux Kernel - Unsupported kernel modules | Paket
| kernel-rt-livepatch | Metapackage to pull in matching kernel-livepatch package | Paket
| kernel-rt-livepatch-devel | Kernel symbols file used during kGraft patch development | Paket
| kernel-rt-optional | The Linux Kernel - Optional kernel modules | Paket
| kernel-rt-vdso | vdso binaries for debugging purposes | Paket
| kernel-rt_debug | The Linux Kernel | Paket
| kernel-rt_debug | The Linux Kernel | Quellpaket
| kernel-rt_debug-devel | Development files necessary for building kernel modules | Paket
| kernel-rt_debug-livepatch-devel | Kernel symbols file used during kGraft patch development | Paket
| kernel-rt_debug-vdso | vdso binaries for debugging purposes | Paket
i+ | kernel-source | The Linux Kernel Sources | Paket
| kernel-source | The Linux Kernel Sources | Quellpaket
| kernel-source-azure | The Linux Kernel Sources | Paket
| kernel-source-azure | The Linux Kernel Sources | Quellpaket
| kernel-source-rt | The Linux Kernel Sources | Paket
| kernel-source-rt | The Linux Kernel Sources | Quellpaket
| kernel-source-vanilla | Vanilla Linux kernel sources with minor build fixes | Paket
| kernel-syms | Kernel Symbol Versions (modversions) | Paket
| kernel-syms | Kernel Symbol Versions (modversions) | Quellpaket
| kernel-syms-azure | Kernel Symbol Versions (modversions) | Paket
| kernel-syms-azure | Kernel Symbol Versions (modversions) | Quellpaket
| kernel-syms-rt | Kernel Symbol Versions (modversions) | Paket
| kernel-syms-rt | Kernel Symbol Versions (modversions) | Quellpaket
| kernel-vanilla | The Standard Kernel - without any SUSE patches | Quellpaket
| kernel-vanilla | The Standard Kernel - without any SUSE patches | Paket
| kernel-vanilla-base | The Standard Kernel - without any SUSE patches - base modules | Paket
| kernel-vanilla-devel | Development files necessary for building kernel modules | Paket
| kernel-vanilla-livepatch-devel | Kernel symbols file used during kGraft patch development | Paket
| kernel-zfcpdump | The IBM System Z zfcpdump Kernel | Quellpaket
| kernelshark | GUI for trace-cmd | Paket
zypper info kernel-devel：
Information for Paket kernel-devel:
-----------------------------------
Repository : update-sle (15.5)
Name : kernel-devel
Version : 5.14.21-150500.55.68.1
Arch : noarch
Anbieter : SUSE LLC <https://www.suse.com/>
Installed Size : 59.1 MiB
Installed : Yes
Status : up-to-date
Quellpaket : kernel-source-5.14.21-150500.55.68.1.src
Upstream-URL : https://www.kernel.org/
Summary : Development files needed for building kernel modules
Description :
Kernel-level headers and Makefiles required for development of
external kernel modules.
Source Timestamp: 2024-06-05 21:39:05 +0000
GIT Revision: 40e256a4a88f37d43c8f973ffe5bee78c5b1c679
GIT Branch: SLE15-SP5
zypper repos
Repository-Prioritäten treten in Kraft: (Siehe 'zypper lr -P' für Details)
20 (erhöhte Priorität) : 1 Repository
99 (Standard-Priorität) : 12 Repositorys
# | Alias | Name | Enabled | GPG Check | Refresh
---+--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+---------+-----------+--------
1 | NVIDIA:repo-non-free | repo-non-free (15.5) | Yes | (r ) Yes | Yes
2 | download.nvidia.com-$releasever | nVidia Graphics Drivers | Yes | (r ) Yes | Yes
3 | http-download.opensuse.org-08194b20 | openSUSE:Leap:15.5:Update | No | ---- | ----
4 | https-download.opensuse.org-1a3b4b18 | SUSE:SLE-15-SP2:GA | No | ---- | ----
5 | https-download.opensuse.org-1df5925c | SUSE:SLE-15:GA | No | ---- | ----
8 | https-download.opensuse.org-4e7c4183 | devel:languages:rust | No | ---- | ----
11 | https-download.opensuse.org-7c0c5e5f | SUSE:SLE-15-SP1:GA | No | ---- | ----
7 | https-download.opensuse.org-31c9479b | home:kimi | No | ---- | ----
9 | https-download.opensuse.org-75a45d34 | server:database | No | ---- | ----
10 | https-download.opensuse.org-75f4f64c | home:bespokesynth:libs | No | ---- | ----
6 | https-download.opensuse.org-2312c850 | SUSE:SLE-15-SP1:Update | No | ---- | ----
12 | https-download.opensuse.org-a01803b3 | network:im:signal | No | ---- | ----
13 | https-download.opensuse.org-b4a26c73 | home:hibby50 | No | ---- | ----
14 | https-download.opensuse.org-b695c6af | SUSE:SLE-15:Update | No | ---- | ----
15 | https-download.opensuse.org-b800ad06 | SUSE:SLE-15-SP3:GA | No | ---- | ----
16 | https-download.opensuse.org-e33eb299 | openSUSE:Backports:SLE-15-SP3 | No | ---- | ----
17 | https-download.opensuse.org-eb8758bc | openSUSE:Backports:SLE-15-SP3:Checks | No | ---- | ----
18 | https-download.opensuse.org-fb44bba0 | SUSE:SLE-15-SP2:Update | No | ---- | ----
19 | openSUSE-Leap-${releasever}-1 | openSUSE-Leap-15.5-1 | No | ---- | ----
20 | openSUSE:repo-non-oss | repo-non-oss (15.5) | Yes | (r ) Yes | Yes
21 | openSUSE:repo-non-oss-debug | repo-non-oss-debug (15.5) | No | ---- | ----
22 | openSUSE:repo-openh264 | repo-openh264 (15.5) | Yes | (r ) Yes | Yes
23 | openSUSE:repo-oss | repo-oss (15.5) | Yes | (r ) Yes | Yes
24 | openSUSE:repo-oss-debug | repo-oss-debug (15.5) | No | ---- | ----
25 | openSUSE:repo-oss-source | repo-oss-source (15.5) | No | ---- | ----
26 | openSUSE:update-backports | update-backports (15.5) | Yes | (r ) Yes | Yes
27 | openSUSE:update-backports-debug | update-backports-debug (15.5) | No | ---- | ----
28 | openSUSE:update-non-oss | update-non-oss (15.5) | Yes | (r ) Yes | Yes
29 | openSUSE:update-non-oss-debug | update-non-oss-debug (15.5) | No | ---- | ----
30 | openSUSE:update-oss | update-oss (15.5) | Yes | (r ) Yes | Yes
31 | openSUSE:update-oss-debug | update-oss-debug (15.5) | No | ---- | ----
32 | openSUSE:update-sle | update-sle (15.5) | Yes | (r ) Yes | Yes
33 | openSUSE:update-sle-debug | update-sle-debug (15.5) | No | ---- | ----
34 | openSUSE_Leap_${releasever} | Mozilla for Leap 15.5 | Yes | (r ) Yes | Yes
35 | openSUSE_Leap_${releasever}_1 | Packman (full) for Leap 15.5 | Yes | (r ) Yes | Yes
36 | repo-backports-update | Update repository of openSUSE Backports | Yes | (r ) Yes | Yes
37 | repo-sle-update | Update repository with updates from SUSE Linux Enterprise 15 | Yes | (r ) Yes | Yes
sudo zypper purge-kernels --dry-run：
Installierte Pakete werden gelesen...
Säuberung von veralteten Kerneln wird vorbereitet...
Konfiguration: latest,latest-1,running
Kernel Release läuft: 5.14.21-150500.55.68-default
Kernel arch läuft: x86_64
Paketabhängigkeiten werden aufgelöst...
Nothing to do.
来自信息中心的版本数据：
Operating System: openSUSE Leap 15.5
KDE Plasma Version: 5.27.9
KDE Frameworks Version: 5.103.0
Qt Version: 5.15.8
Kernel Version: 5.14.21-150500.55.68-default (64-bit)
Graphics Platform: X11
Processors: 8 × Intel® Core™ i7-4702MQ CPU @ 2.20GHz
Memory: 11.6 GiB of RAM
Graphics Processor: Mesa Intel® HD Graphics 4600
Manufacturer: Acer
Product Name: Aspire V3-772G
System Version: V1.15