问题[linux](unix)

我已将板载集线器连接到我的微处理器。板载集线器是USB2514B，微处理器是 STM32MP1。

我可以使用 OHCI（开放主机控制器接口）指定与板载集线器的连接，但随后我会收到错误消息。

usb 1-1.4: device descriptor read/64, error -62
usb 1-1-port4: unable to enumerate USB device

这意味着 OHCI（USB 1.1）无法与需要 USB 2.0 规范的 USB2514B 通信。

但是如果我使用 EHCI（增强型主机控制器接口）（即 USB 2.0）连接我的板载集线器。

然后在 Linux 中，我不会收到任何有关设备描述的错误。我的lsusb看起来像这样：

>> lsusb
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub

问题：

这是否意味着这1d6b:0002是USB2514B集线器，或者是否意味着它是处理器的内部USB？

我正在寻找一种方法来确认我是否已连接到我的 USB2514B 或者是否lsusb仅显示来自处理器的内部 USB 连接。

注意：此板载 USB 集线器不需要任何外部通信接口，如 SMDbus、I2C 或其他。仅需普通 USB 连接 + Linux 设备树配置。

&usbh_ehci{
    status = "okay";

    /* USER CODE BEGIN usbh_ehci */
    phys = <&usbphyc_port1>;
    #address-cells = <1>;
    #size-cells = <0>;
    /* onboard HUB */
    hub@1 {
        compatible = "usb424,2514";
        reg = <1>;
        vdd-supply = <&v3v3>;
    };
    /* USER CODE END usbh_ehci */
};

&usbh_ohci{
    status = "disabled";
};

有用来源：

• https://wiki.st.com/stm32mpu/wiki/USB_overview
• https://wiki.st.com/stm32mpu/wiki/USBH_device_tree_configuration

Virtual Box 内部运行着 Oracle Linux，而 Virtual Box 则运行在 Windows 11 home 上。

需要帮助理解：

是否有可能存在 Linux 或 ，因为这显然是暴力字典攻击。但是，由于 IPv6 问题似乎是路由器的问题，那么底层系统是否可能被黑客入侵？

如何缓解这种情况。入口点可能是什么 - 至少要找到入口点的方法。如果存在后门，如何找到它们。

在安装 Oracle Linux 后，我发现 root 用户有很多次尝试失败。

日志文件路径：/var/log/secure

有问题的 IP 是：fe80::e20e:e4ff:fe26:d5a6

Nov  9 18:26:44 OracleLinux polkitd[1038]: Loading rules from directory /etc/polkit-1/rules.d
Nov  9 18:26:44 OracleLinux polkitd[1038]: Loading rules from directory /usr/share/polkit-1/rules.d
Nov  9 18:26:44 OracleLinux polkitd[1038]: Finished loading, compiling and executing 5 rules
Nov  9 18:26:44 OracleLinux polkitd[1038]: Acquired the name org.freedesktop.PolicyKit1 on the system bus
Nov  9 18:26:45 OracleLinux unix_chkpwd[1088]: password check failed for user (root)
Nov  9 18:26:45 OracleLinux sshd[1057]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): authentication failure; logname= uid=0 euid=0 tty=ssh ruser= rhost=fe80::e20e:e4ff:fe26:d5a6%enp0s8  user=root
Nov  9 18:26:46 OracleLinux unix_chkpwd[1358]: password check failed for user (root)
Nov  9 18:26:46 OracleLinux sshd[1261]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): authentication failure; logname= uid=0 euid=0 tty=ssh ruser= rhost=192.168.29.1  user=root
Nov  9 18:26:47 OracleLinux sshd[1057]: Failed password for root from fe80::e20e:e4ff:fe26:d5a6%enp0s8 port 45545 ssh2
Nov  9 18:27:46 OracleLinux sshd[1261]: Failed password for root from 192.168.29.1 port 43718 ssh2
Nov  9 18:27:47 OracleLinux sshd[1057]: Received disconnect from fe80::e20e:e4ff:fe26:d5a6%enp0s8 port 45545:11: SSH client disconnected [preauth]
Nov  9 18:27:47 OracleLinux sshd[1057]: Disconnected from authenticating user root fe80::e20e:e4ff:fe26:d5a6%enp0s8 port 45545 [preauth]
Nov  9 18:27:47 OracleLinux sshd[1579]: Invalid user admin from fe80::e20e:e4ff:fe26:d5a6%enp0s8 port 45547
Nov  9 18:27:47 OracleLinux sshd[1579]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): check pass; user unknown
Nov  9 18:27:47 OracleLinux sshd[1579]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): authentication failure; logname= uid=0 euid=0 tty=ssh ruser= rhost=fe80::e20e:e4ff:fe26:d5a6%enp0s8
Nov  9 18:27:48 OracleLinux sshd[1261]: Received disconnect from 192.168.29.1 port 43718:11: SSH client disconnected [preauth]
Nov  9 18:27:48 OracleLinux sshd[1261]: Disconnected from authenticating user root 192.168.29.1 port 43718 [preauth]
Nov  9 18:27:48 OracleLinux sshd[1584]: Invalid user admin from 192.168.29.1 port 43720
Nov  9 18:27:48 OracleLinux sshd[1584]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): check pass; user unknown
Nov  9 18:27:48 OracleLinux sshd[1584]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): authentication failure; logname= uid=0 euid=0 tty=ssh ruser= rhost=192.168.29.1
Nov  9 18:27:50 OracleLinux sshd[1579]: Failed password for invalid user admin from fe80::e20e:e4ff:fe26:d5a6%enp0s8 port 45547 ssh2
Nov  9 18:27:51 OracleLinux systemd[1590]: pam_unix(systemd-user:session): session opened for user devoracleuser(uid=1000) by devoracleuser(uid=0)
Nov  9 18:27:51 OracleLinux sshd[1584]: Failed password for invalid user admin from 192.168.29.1 port 43720 ssh2
Nov  9 18:27:51 OracleLinux login[836]: pam_unix(login:session): session opened for user devoracleuser(uid=1000) by devoracleuser(uid=0)
Nov  9 18:27:51 OracleLinux login[836]: LOGIN ON tty1 BY devoracleuser
Nov  9 18:27:51 OracleLinux sshd[1584]: Received disconnect from 192.168.29.1 port 43720:11: SSH client disconnected [preauth]
Nov  9 18:27:51 OracleLinux sshd[1584]: Disconnected from invalid user admin 192.168.29.1 port 43720 [preauth]
Nov  9 18:27:51 OracleLinux unix_chkpwd[1630]: password check failed for user (root)
Nov  9 18:27:51 OracleLinux sshd[1628]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): authentication failure; logname= uid=0 euid=0 tty=ssh ruser= rhost=192.168.29.1  user=root
Nov  9 18:27:53 OracleLinux sshd[1579]: Received disconnect from fe80::e20e:e4ff:fe26:d5a6%enp0s8 port 45547:11: SSH client disconnected [preauth]
Nov  9 18:27:53 OracleLinux sshd[1579]: Disconnected from invalid user admin fe80::e20e:e4ff:fe26:d5a6%enp0s8 port 45547 [preauth]
Nov  9 18:27:53 OracleLinux unix_chkpwd[1633]: password check failed for user (root)
Nov  9 18:27:53 OracleLinux sshd[1631]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): authentication failure; logname= uid=0 euid=0 tty=ssh ruser= rhost=fe80::e20e:e4ff:fe26:d5a6%enp0s8  user=root
Nov  9 18:27:54 OracleLinux sshd[1628]: Failed password for root from 192.168.29.1 port 43721 ssh2
Nov  9 18:27:55 OracleLinux sshd[1631]: Failed password for root from fe80::e20e:e4ff:fe26:d5a6%enp0s8 port 45550 ssh2
Nov  9 18:27:56 OracleLinux sshd[1628]: Received disconnect from 192.168.29.1 port 43721:11: SSH client disconnected [preauth]
Nov  9 18:27:56 OracleLinux sshd[1628]: Disconnected from authenticating user root 192.168.29.1 port 43721 [preauth]
Nov  9 18:27:57 OracleLinux sshd[1631]: Received disconnect from fe80::e20e:e4ff:fe26:d5a6%enp0s8 port 45550:11: SSH client disconnected [preauth]
Nov  9 18:27:57 OracleLinux sshd[1631]: Disconnected from authenticating user root fe80::e20e:e4ff:fe26:d5a6%enp0s8 port 45550 [preauth]
Nov  9 18:28:57 OracleLinux sshd[1639]: Invalid user 888888 from 192.168.29.1 port 43725
Nov  9 18:28:57 OracleLinux sshd[1639]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): check pass; user unknown
Nov  9 18:28:57 OracleLinux sshd[1639]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): authentication failure; logname= uid=0 euid=0 tty=ssh ruser= rhost=192.168.29.1
Nov  9 18:28:58 OracleLinux sshd[1641]: Invalid user 888888 from fe80::e20e:e4ff:fe26:d5a6%enp0s8 port 45554

第二天同一 IP 的 Wireshark 条目：

我的系统有可能被入侵吗？

我正在为 i3/Sway 编写自己的自定义状态以显示音量指示器，但遇到了障碍。

我想知道是否有一种标准方法，使用标准 Linux 工具（可能是 ALSA 或 sysfs）来检测耳机是否插入？我更愿意这样做，以防我想在任何时候从 Pipewire 切换到常规 JACK，或者其他什么。

我将发布我在网上找到的这个“半工作”解决方案的一个片段（抱歉，我不记得是谁发布的，所以我可以归功于那个人）。

has_headset() {
    grep -A4 -ri "Headphone Playback Switch" /proc/asound/card*/* |
        grep "Amp-Out vals.*\[0x00\]*"
}

此功能has_headset()有点用，但问题是如果耳机插入且静音，则无法使用。不确定“Amp-Out vals”的值是什么意思。似乎是[0x80] [0x80]在拔下耳机时，然后[0x00] [0x00]是插入耳机且未静音时。

我正在使用 POSIX sh，但也非常欢迎专门为 Bash 编写的解决方案！

在我的 Openmediavault 存储服务器上添加一点存储容量时出错了。我应该怎么做才能恢复？你能指导我吗？

这是我做的：

1 /dev/md2 raid5 集已创建，进展顺利

2 /dev/md2 pv 创建，进展顺利

3 /dev/md2 pv 包含在卷组 datavg 中运行顺利

4 无法在逻辑卷 datalv 中创建新的文件系统 - 没有可用设备。我现在知道每个 lv 只能有一个 fs，但我尝试时并没有意识到这一点。

5 lvextend 在 datalv 上，进展顺利 - datalv 现在具有全部容量，包括新驱动器

6 仍然无法在 datalv 中创建新的文件系统 — 没有可用的设备。

7 尝试 fsgrow，一下子分配了整个容量 - 这不是我想要的......

8 lvreduce 将 datalv 减少到大约原始容量，进展顺利

9 lvcreate data2lv，进展顺利

10 这次在 data2lv (XFS) 中创建新的文件系统，成功了

重新启动系统后，旧文件系统（数据）无法安装，并且没有新文件系统（XFS）的迹象。

我错误地认为 lv 可以有多个文件系统，所以第 4 步就是问题开始出现的地方。第 5 步也是错的，但也许是可以逆转的。第 7 步是个大错误，因为文件系统不能缩小。其余步骤仍然错误百出，但我该如何修复这个问题？撤消第 8 到第 10 步并只使用一个文件系统？我想我应该在这里问一下，以免把事情搞得更糟。

我将非常感激对此的帮助，

/C

# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
# Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a
# device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices
# that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).
#
# <file system> <mount point>   <type>  <options>       <dump>  <pass>
# / was on /dev/sda1 during installation
UUID=be85bbea-6e8b-4710-b1e0-894ad8d34d20 /               ext4    errors=remount-ro 0       1
# swap was on /dev/sda5 during installation
UUID=035fdb6b-e1bb-46c9-81c5-ff28840063c7 none            swap    sw              0       0
# >>> [openmediavault]
/dev/disk/by-label/data        /srv/dev-disk-by-label-data    ext4    defaults,nofail,user_xattr,noexec,usrjquota=aquota.user,grpjquota=aquota.group,jqfmt=vfsv0,acl    0 2
/dev/disk/by-uuid/035fdb6b-e1bb-46c9-81c5-ff28840063c7        /srv/dev-disk-by-uuid-035fdb6b-e1bb-46c9-81c5-ff28840063c7    ext2    defaults,nofail,user_xattr,acl    0 2
/srv/dev-disk-by-label-data/data/        /export/data    none    bind,nofail    0 0
/srv/dev-disk-by-label-data/data/Backups/HomeAssistant/        /export/HAss    none    bind,nofail    0 0
/srv/dev-disk-by-label-data/data/Backups/LinHES/        /export/LinHES_backup    none    bind,nofail    0 0
/srv/dev-disk-by-label-data/data/LinHES/        /export/LinHES    none    bind,nofail    0 0
/srv/dev-disk-by-label-data/data/securitycams/        /export/securitycams    none    bind,nofail    0 0
# <<< [openmediavault] 

dmesg 输出结束：

[    7.009650] mpt2sas_cm0: handle(0x12) sas_address(0x5001e67958f53ffd) port_type(0x1)
[    7.010381] scsi 3:0:8:0: Enclosure         Intel    RES2SV240        0d00 PQ: 0 ANSI: 5
[    7.010385] scsi 3:0:8:0: set ignore_delay_remove for handle(0x0012)
[    7.010388] scsi 3:0:8:0: SES: handle(0x0012), sas_addr(0x5001e67958f53ffd), phy(24), device_name(0x0000000000000000)
[    7.010390] scsi 3:0:8:0: enclosure logical id (0x5001e67958f53fff), slot(24) 
[    7.010392] scsi 3:0:8:0: qdepth(254), tagged(1), scsi_level(6), cmd_que(1)
[    7.013166]  end_device-3:0:8: add: handle(0x0012), sas_addr(0x5001e67958f53ffd)
[    9.745705] mpt2sas_cm0: port enable: SUCCESS
[    9.747042] scsi 2:0:0:0: Direct-Access     ATA      Corsair Force GS 5.07 PQ: 0 ANSI: 5
[    9.747591] scsi 4:0:0:0: Direct-Access     ATA      Corsair Force GS 5.07 PQ: 0 ANSI: 5
[    9.750711] ohci-pci 0000:00:12.0: OHCI PCI host controller
[    9.750787] ohci-pci 0000:00:12.0: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 5
[    9.750831] ohci-pci 0000:00:12.0: irq 16, io mem 0xfe02e000
[    9.764544] ses 3:0:8:0: Attached Enclosure device
[    9.772078] sd 3:0:0:0: Power-on or device reset occurred
[    9.772102] sd 3:0:1:0: Power-on or device reset occurred
[    9.772361] sd 3:0:4:0: Power-on or device reset occurred
[    9.772413] sd 3:0:5:0: Power-on or device reset occurred
[    9.772487] sd 3:0:2:0: Power-on or device reset occurred
[    9.772540] sd 3:0:7:0: Power-on or device reset occurred
[    9.772555] sd 3:0:6:0: Power-on or device reset occurred
[    9.772646] sd 3:0:3:0: Power-on or device reset occurred
[    9.772671] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdi] 250069680 512-byte logical blocks: (128 GB/119 GiB)
[    9.772681] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdj] 250069680 512-byte logical blocks: (128 GB/119 GiB)
[    9.772686] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdi] Write Protect is off
[    9.772690] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdi] Mode Sense: 00 3a 00 00
[    9.772697] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdj] Write Protect is off
[    9.772701] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdj] Mode Sense: 00 3a 00 00
[    9.772708] sd 3:0:1:0: [sdb] 5860533168 512-byte logical blocks: (3.00 TB/2.73 TiB)
[    9.772709] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdi] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA
[    9.772712] sd 3:0:1:0: [sdb] 4096-byte physical blocks
[    9.772716] sd 3:0:0:0: [sda] 5860533168 512-byte logical blocks: (3.00 TB/2.73 TiB)
[    9.772721] sd 3:0:0:0: [sda] 4096-byte physical blocks
[    9.772724] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdj] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA
[    9.772736] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdi] Preferred minimum I/O size 512 bytes
[    9.772757] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdj] Preferred minimum I/O size 512 bytes
[    9.773008] sd 3:0:2:0: [sdc] 7814037168 512-byte logical blocks: (4.00 TB/3.64 TiB)
[    9.773011] sd 3:0:2:0: [sdc] 4096-byte physical blocks
[    9.773135] sd 3:0:4:0: [sdd] 19532873728 512-byte logical blocks: (10.0 TB/9.10 TiB)
[    9.773137] sd 3:0:4:0: [sdd] 4096-byte physical blocks
[    9.773163] sd 3:0:3:0: [sde] 5860531055 512-byte logical blocks: (3.00 TB/2.73 TiB)
[    9.773165] sd 3:0:3:0: [sde] 4096-byte physical blocks
[    9.773188] sd 3:0:5:0: [sdf] 19532873728 512-byte logical blocks: (10.0 TB/9.10 TiB)
[    9.773190] sd 3:0:5:0: [sdf] 4096-byte physical blocks
[    9.773310] sd 3:0:6:0: [sdg] 19532873728 512-byte logical blocks: (10.0 TB/9.10 TiB)
[    9.773312] sd 3:0:6:0: [sdg] 4096-byte physical blocks
[    9.773556] sd 3:0:7:0: [sdh] 19532873728 512-byte logical blocks: (10.0 TB/9.10 TiB)
[    9.773559] sd 3:0:7:0: [sdh] 4096-byte physical blocks
[    9.774714] sd 3:0:7:0: [sdh] Write Protect is off
[    9.774717] sd 3:0:7:0: [sdh] Mode Sense: 7f 00 10 08
[    9.775773] sd 3:0:7:0: [sdh] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, supports DPO and FUA
[    9.776271] sd 3:0:0:0: [sda] Write Protect is off
[    9.776275] sd 3:0:0:0: [sda] Mode Sense: 7f 00 10 08
[    9.776336] sd 3:0:1:0: [sdb] Write Protect is off
[    9.776341] sd 3:0:1:0: [sdb] Mode Sense: 7f 00 10 08
[    9.776448]  sdj: sdj1 sdj2 sdj3
[    9.776475]  sdi: sdi1 sdi2 sdi3
[    9.776627] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdj] Attached SCSI disk
[    9.776662] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdi] Attached SCSI disk
[    9.776678] sd 3:0:4:0: [sdd] Write Protect is off
[    9.776681] sd 3:0:4:0: [sdd] Mode Sense: 7f 00 10 08
[    9.776734] sd 3:0:5:0: [sdf] Write Protect is off
[    9.776737] sd 3:0:5:0: [sdf] Mode Sense: 7f 00 10 08
[    9.776872] sd 3:0:6:0: [sdg] Write Protect is off
[    9.776875] sd 3:0:6:0: [sdg] Mode Sense: 7f 00 10 08
[    9.777101] sd 3:0:0:0: [sda] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, supports DPO and FUA
[    9.777171] sd 3:0:1:0: [sdb] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, supports DPO and FUA
[    9.777195] sd 3:0:3:0: [sde] Write Protect is off
[    9.777198] sd 3:0:3:0: [sde] Mode Sense: 7f 00 10 08
[    9.777740] sd 3:0:4:0: [sdd] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, supports DPO and FUA
[    9.777802] sd 3:0:5:0: [sdf] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, supports DPO and FUA
[    9.777908] sd 3:0:6:0: [sdg] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, supports DPO and FUA
[    9.778042] sd 3:0:3:0: [sde] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, supports DPO and FUA
[    9.792872] sd 3:0:7:0: [sdh] Attached SCSI disk
[    9.794058] sd 3:0:5:0: [sdf] Attached SCSI disk
[    9.797109] sd 3:0:0:0: [sda] Attached SCSI disk
[    9.797304] sd 3:0:1:0: [sdb] Attached SCSI disk
[    9.799595] sd 3:0:6:0: [sdg] Attached SCSI disk
[    9.800877] sd 3:0:4:0: [sdd] Attached SCSI disk
[    9.803440] sd 3:0:3:0: [sde] Attached SCSI disk
[    9.813710] usb usb5: New USB device found, idVendor=1d6b, idProduct=0001, bcdDevice= 6.01
[    9.813714] usb usb5: New USB device strings: Mfr=3, Product=2, SerialNumber=1
[    9.813717] usb usb5: Product: OHCI PCI host controller
[    9.813719] usb usb5: Manufacturer: Linux 6.1.0-0.deb11.21-amd64 ohci_hcd
[    9.813720] usb usb5: SerialNumber: 0000:00:12.0
[    9.813858] hub 5-0:1.0: USB hub found
[    9.813868] hub 5-0:1.0: 3 ports detected
[    9.814196] ohci-pci 0000:00:12.1: OHCI PCI host controller
[    9.814206] ohci-pci 0000:00:12.1: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 6
[    9.814228] ohci-pci 0000:00:12.1: irq 16, io mem 0xfe02d000
[    9.854662] sd 3:0:2:0: [sdc] Write Protect is off
[    9.854671] sd 3:0:2:0: [sdc] Mode Sense: 7f 00 10 08
[    9.855445] sd 3:0:2:0: [sdc] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, supports DPO and FUA
[    9.877753] usb usb6: New USB device found, idVendor=1d6b, idProduct=0001, bcdDevice= 6.01
[    9.877757] usb usb6: New USB device strings: Mfr=3, Product=2, SerialNumber=1
[    9.877760] usb usb6: Product: OHCI PCI host controller
[    9.877761] usb usb6: Manufacturer: Linux 6.1.0-0.deb11.21-amd64 ohci_hcd
[    9.877763] usb usb6: SerialNumber: 0000:00:12.1
[    9.877897] hub 6-0:1.0: USB hub found
[    9.877907] hub 6-0:1.0: 3 ports detected
[    9.878193] ohci-pci 0000:00:13.0: OHCI PCI host controller
[    9.878199] ohci-pci 0000:00:13.0: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 7
[    9.878250] ohci-pci 0000:00:13.0: irq 18, io mem 0xfe02b000
[    9.941747] usb usb7: New USB device found, idVendor=1d6b, idProduct=0001, bcdDevice= 6.01
[    9.941751] usb usb7: New USB device strings: Mfr=3, Product=2, SerialNumber=1
[    9.941754] usb usb7: Product: OHCI PCI host controller
[    9.941755] usb usb7: Manufacturer: Linux 6.1.0-0.deb11.21-amd64 ohci_hcd
[    9.941757] usb usb7: SerialNumber: 0000:00:13.0
[    9.941879] hub 7-0:1.0: USB hub found
[    9.941889] hub 7-0:1.0: 3 ports detected
[    9.942167] ohci-pci 0000:00:13.1: OHCI PCI host controller
[    9.942173] ohci-pci 0000:00:13.1: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 8
[    9.942192] ohci-pci 0000:00:13.1: irq 18, io mem 0xfe02a000
[    9.946582] sd 3:0:2:0: [sdc] Attached SCSI disk
[    9.982793] md/raid1:md1: active with 2 out of 2 mirrors
[    9.982808] md/raid1:md126: active with 2 out of 2 mirrors
[    9.982863] md1: detected capacity change from 0 to 78124928
[    9.983036] md126: detected capacity change from 0 to 156227456
[   10.005696] usb usb8: New USB device found, idVendor=1d6b, idProduct=0001, bcdDevice= 6.01
[   10.005702] usb usb8: New USB device strings: Mfr=3, Product=2, SerialNumber=1
[   10.005704] usb usb8: Product: OHCI PCI host controller
[   10.005706] usb usb8: Manufacturer: Linux 6.1.0-0.deb11.21-amd64 ohci_hcd
[   10.005708] usb usb8: SerialNumber: 0000:00:13.1
[   10.005838] hub 8-0:1.0: USB hub found
[   10.005849] hub 8-0:1.0: 3 ports detected
[   10.006185] ohci-pci 0000:00:14.5: OHCI PCI host controller
[   10.006192] ohci-pci 0000:00:14.5: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 9
[   10.006214] ohci-pci 0000:00:14.5: irq 18, io mem 0xfe028000
[   10.053689] raid6: sse2x4   gen()  7753 MB/s
[   10.073706] usb usb9: New USB device found, idVendor=1d6b, idProduct=0001, bcdDevice= 6.01
[   10.073711] usb usb9: New USB device strings: Mfr=3, Product=2, SerialNumber=1
[   10.073714] usb usb9: Product: OHCI PCI host controller
[   10.073716] usb usb9: Manufacturer: Linux 6.1.0-0.deb11.21-amd64 ohci_hcd
[   10.073718] usb usb9: SerialNumber: 0000:00:14.5
[   10.073851] hub 9-0:1.0: USB hub found
[   10.073862] hub 9-0:1.0: 2 ports detected
[   10.121687] raid6: sse2x2   gen()  7627 MB/s
[   10.189688] raid6: sse2x1   gen()  6191 MB/s
[   10.189691] raid6: using algorithm sse2x4 gen() 7753 MB/s
[   10.257685] raid6: .... xor() 3661 MB/s, rmw enabled
[   10.257687] raid6: using ssse3x2 recovery algorithm
[   10.258670] xor: automatically using best checksumming function   avx       
[   10.259422] async_tx: api initialized (async)
[   10.271440] md/raid:md0: device sde operational as raid disk 3
[   10.271444] md/raid:md0: device sdb operational as raid disk 1
[   10.271445] md/raid:md0: device sda operational as raid disk 0
[   10.271446] md/raid:md0: device sdc operational as raid disk 2
[   10.271465] md/raid:md2: device sdf operational as raid disk 1
[   10.271469] md/raid:md2: device sdh operational as raid disk 3
[   10.271471] md/raid:md2: device sdg operational as raid disk 2
[   10.271472] md/raid:md2: device sdd operational as raid disk 0
[   10.272715] md/raid:md0: raid level 5 active with 4 out of 4 devices, algorithm 2
[   10.272728] md/raid:md2: raid level 5 active with 4 out of 4 devices, algorithm 2
[   10.274723] md2: detected capacity change from 0 to 58597828608
[   10.302716] md0: detected capacity change from 0 to 17580797952
[   10.314506] usb 5-2: new full-speed USB device number 2 using ohci-pci
[   10.351344] random: crng init done
[   10.478717] device-mapper: core: CONFIG_IMA_DISABLE_HTABLE is disabled. Duplicate IMA measurements will not be recorded in the IMA log.
[   10.478750] device-mapper: uevent: version 1.0.3
[   10.478830] device-mapper: ioctl: 4.47.0-ioctl (2022-07-28) initialised: [email protected]
[   10.524723] usb 5-2: New USB device found, idVendor=051d, idProduct=0003, bcdDevice= 1.06
[   10.524729] usb 5-2: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3
[   10.524731] usb 5-2: Product: Smart-UPS 1000 FW:UPS 09.3 / ID=18
[   10.524733] usb 5-2: Manufacturer: American Power Conversion 
[   10.524734] usb 5-2: SerialNumber: AS1707331537  
[   10.535479] hid: raw HID events driver (C) Jiri Kosina
[   10.544453] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbhid
[   10.544456] usbhid: USB HID core driver
[   10.546915] hid-generic 0003:051D:0003.0001: hiddev0,hidraw0: USB HID v1.00 Device [American Power Conversion  Smart-UPS 1000 FW:UPS 09.3 / ID=18] on usb-0000:00:12.0-2/input0
[   11.087936] Btrfs loaded, crc32c=crc32c-intel, zoned=yes, fsverity=yes
[   41.958600] EXT4-fs (md126): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Quota mode: none.
[   42.013214] Not activating Mandatory Access Control as /sbin/tomoyo-init does not exist.
[   42.090393] systemd[1]: Inserted module 'autofs4'
[   42.115930] systemd[1]: systemd 247.3-7+deb11u6 running in system mode. (+PAM +AUDIT +SELINUX +IMA +APPARMOR +SMACK +SYSVINIT +UTMP +LIBCRYPTSETUP +GCRYPT +GNUTLS +ACL +XZ +LZ4 +ZSTD +SECCOMP +BLKID +ELFUTILS +KMOD +IDN2 -IDN +PCRE2 default-hierarchy=unified)
[   42.116051] systemd[1]: Detected architecture x86-64.
[   42.116543] systemd[1]: Set hostname to <bolivar>.
[   42.306079] systemd[1]: /etc/systemd/system/clamav-onaccess.service:13: Standard output type syslog is obsolete, automatically updating to journal. Please update your unit file, and consider removing the setting altogether.
[   42.306476] systemd[1]: /lib/systemd/system/clamav-freshclam.service:11: Standard output type syslog is obsolete, automatically updating to journal. Please update your unit file, and consider removing the setting altogether.
[   42.307153] systemd[1]: /lib/systemd/system/clamav-daemon.service:12: Standard output type syslog is obsolete, automatically updating to journal. Please update your unit file, and consider removing the setting altogether.
[   42.312038] systemd[1]: Queued start job for default target Graphical Interface.
[   42.330323] systemd[1]: Created slice system-getty.slice.
[   42.330620] systemd[1]: Created slice system-modprobe.slice.
[   42.330854] systemd[1]: Created slice system-postfix.slice.
[   42.331079] systemd[1]: Created slice system-systemd\x2dfsck.slice.
[   42.331305] systemd[1]: Created slice User and Session Slice.
[   42.331368] systemd[1]: Started Dispatch Password Requests to Console Directory Watch.
[   42.331420] systemd[1]: Started Forward Password Requests to Wall Directory Watch.
[   42.331575] systemd[1]: Set up automount Arbitrary Executable File Formats File System Automount Point.
[   42.331608] systemd[1]: Reached target Local Encrypted Volumes.
[   42.331652] systemd[1]: Reached target Paths.
[   42.331680] systemd[1]: Reached target Slices.
[   42.331703] systemd[1]: Reached target System Time Set.
[   42.331781] systemd[1]: Listening on Device-mapper event daemon FIFOs.
[   42.331874] systemd[1]: Listening on LVM2 poll daemon socket.
[   42.336222] systemd[1]: Listening on RPCbind Server Activation Socket.
[   42.336356] systemd[1]: Listening on Syslog Socket.
[   42.336470] systemd[1]: Listening on fsck to fsckd communication Socket.
[   42.336541] systemd[1]: Listening on initctl Compatibility Named Pipe.
[   42.336712] systemd[1]: Listening on Journal Audit Socket.
[   42.336827] systemd[1]: Listening on Journal Socket (/dev/log).
[   42.336946] systemd[1]: Listening on Journal Socket.
[   42.337078] systemd[1]: Listening on Network Service Netlink Socket.
[   42.337484] systemd[1]: Listening on udev Control Socket.
[   42.337575] systemd[1]: Listening on udev Kernel Socket.
[   42.338502] systemd[1]: Mounting Huge Pages File System...
[   42.339406] systemd[1]: Mounting POSIX Message Queue File System...
[   42.340365] systemd[1]: Mounting NFSD configuration filesystem...
[   42.341305] systemd[1]: Mounting RPC Pipe File System...
[   42.342485] systemd[1]: Mounting Kernel Debug File System...
[   42.343458] systemd[1]: Mounting Kernel Trace File System...
[   42.343588] systemd[1]: Condition check resulted in Kernel Module supporting RPCSEC_GSS being skipped.
[   42.343753] systemd[1]: Finished Availability of block devices.
[   42.345380] systemd[1]: Starting Set the console keyboard layout...
[   42.346510] systemd[1]: Starting Create list of static device nodes for the current kernel...
[   42.347606] systemd[1]: Starting Monitoring of LVM2 mirrors, snapshots etc. using dmeventd or progress polling...
[   42.348989] systemd[1]: Starting Load Kernel Module configfs...
[   42.350348] systemd[1]: Starting Load Kernel Module drm...
[   42.351388] systemd[1]: Starting Load Kernel Module fuse...
[   42.351481] systemd[1]: Condition check resulted in OpenVSwitch configuration for cleanup being skipped.
[   42.352694] systemd[1]: Condition check resulted in Set Up Additional Binary Formats being skipped.
[   42.352730] systemd[1]: Condition check resulted in File System Check on Root Device being skipped.
[   42.354950] systemd[1]: Starting Journal Service...
[   42.357137] systemd[1]: Starting Load Kernel Modules...
[   42.358386] systemd[1]: Starting Remount Root and Kernel File Systems...
[   42.359555] systemd[1]: Starting Coldplug All udev Devices...
[   42.362006] systemd[1]: Mounted Huge Pages File System.
[   42.362148] systemd[1]: Mounted POSIX Message Queue File System.
[   42.362262] systemd[1]: Mounted Kernel Debug File System.
[   42.362373] systemd[1]: Mounted Kernel Trace File System.
[   42.362841] systemd[1]: Finished Create list of static device nodes for the current kernel.
[   42.363275] systemd[1]: [email protected]: Succeeded.
[   42.363694] systemd[1]: Finished Load Kernel Module configfs.
[   42.364942] systemd[1]: Mounting Kernel Configuration File System...
[   42.368675] systemd[1]: Finished Load Kernel Modules.
[   42.368852] systemd[1]: Mounted Kernel Configuration File System.
[   42.370036] systemd[1]: Starting Apply Kernel Variables...
[   42.370843] fuse: init (API version 7.37)
[   42.371752] systemd[1]: [email protected]: Succeeded.
[   42.372144] systemd[1]: Finished Load Kernel Module fuse.
[   42.373401] systemd[1]: Mounting FUSE Control File System...
[   42.376648] systemd[1]: Mounted FUSE Control File System.
[   42.383402] systemd[1]: Finished Apply Kernel Variables.
[   42.384015] EXT4-fs (md126): re-mounted. Quota mode: none.
[   42.385366] systemd[1]: Finished Remount Root and Kernel File Systems.
[   42.387332] systemd[1]: Starting Initial Check File System Quotas...
[   42.387952] systemd[1]: Condition check resulted in Rebuild Hardware Database being skipped.
[   42.388047] systemd[1]: Condition check resulted in Platform Persistent Storage Archival being skipped.
[   42.389092] systemd[1]: Starting Load/Save Random Seed...
[   42.390273] systemd[1]: Starting Create System Users...
[   42.406816] systemd[1]: Finished Load/Save Random Seed.
[   42.408709] systemd[1]: Condition check resulted in First Boot Complete being skipped.
[   42.410165] systemd[1]: Finished Create System Users.
[   42.412453] systemd[1]: Starting Create Static Device Nodes in /dev...
[   42.418172] systemd[1]: Finished Initial Check File System Quotas.
[   42.429120] systemd[1]: Finished Create Static Device Nodes in /dev.
[   42.430906] systemd[1]: Starting Rule-based Manager for Device Events and Files...
[   42.436223] RPC: Registered named UNIX socket transport module.
[   42.436227] RPC: Registered udp transport module.
[   42.436228] RPC: Registered tcp transport module.
[   42.436229] RPC: Registered tcp NFSv4.1 backchannel transport module.
[   42.449951] ACPI: bus type drm_connector registered
[   42.450404] systemd[1]: Mounted RPC Pipe File System.
[   42.451406] systemd[1]: Starting pNFS block layout mapping daemon...
[   42.451934] systemd[1]: [email protected]: Succeeded.
[   42.452283] systemd[1]: Finished Load Kernel Module drm.
[   42.454355] systemd[1]: Started pNFS block layout mapping daemon.
[   42.466920] systemd[1]: Started Rule-based Manager for Device Events and Files.
[   42.468985] systemd[1]: Starting Network Service...
[   42.482992] systemd[1]: Finished Set the console keyboard layout.
[   42.507752] systemd[1]: Finished Monitoring of LVM2 mirrors, snapshots etc. using dmeventd or progress polling.
[   42.507870] systemd[1]: Reached target Local File Systems (Pre).
[   42.539579] systemd[1]: Started Journal Service.
[   42.553503] acpi_cpufreq: overriding BIOS provided _PSD data
[   42.561672] sd 3:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg0 type 0
[   42.565078] input: Power Button as /devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0C0C:00/input/input1
[   42.568531] ACPI: button: Power Button [PWRB]
[   42.568874] sd 3:0:1:0: Attached scsi generic sg1 type 0
[   42.570834] sd 3:0:2:0: Attached scsi generic sg2 type 0
[   42.574606] sd 3:0:3:0: Attached scsi generic sg3 type 0
[   42.576518] input: Power Button as /devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXPWRBN:00/input/input2
[   42.576551] sd 3:0:4:0: Attached scsi generic sg4 type 0
[   42.577588] sd 3:0:5:0: Attached scsi generic sg5 type 0
[   42.584095] sd 3:0:6:0: Attached scsi generic sg6 type 0
[   42.592174] ACPI: button: Power Button [PWRF]
[   42.595542] sd 3:0:7:0: Attached scsi generic sg7 type 0
[   42.595748] r8169 0000:04:00.0: firmware: direct-loading firmware rtl_nic/rtl8168g-2.fw
[   42.596555] ses 3:0:8:0: Attached scsi generic sg8 type 13
[   42.596684] sd 2:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg9 type 0
[   42.599088] sd 4:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg10 type 0
[   42.604298] input: PC Speaker as /devices/platform/pcspkr/input/input3
[   42.615393] systemd-journald[798]: Received client request to flush runtime journal.
[   42.619045] sp5100_tco: SP5100/SB800 TCO WatchDog Timer Driver
[   42.621719] Generic FE-GE Realtek PHY r8169-0-400:00: attached PHY driver (mii_bus:phy_addr=r8169-0-400:00, irq=MAC)
[   42.642344] sp5100-tco sp5100-tco: Failed to reserve MMIO or alternate MMIO region
[   42.642395] sp5100-tco: probe of sp5100-tco failed with error -16
[   42.655985] cryptd: max_cpu_qlen set to 1000
[   42.685219] AVX version of gcm_enc/dec engaged.
[   42.685272] AES CTR mode by8 optimization enabled
[   42.800800] input: HDA ATI HDMI HDMI/DP,pcm=3 as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:01.0/0000:01:05.1/sound/card0/input4
[   42.818231] r8169 0000:04:00.0 enp4s0: Link is Down
[   42.888925] [drm] radeon kernel modesetting enabled.
[   42.889075] radeon 0000:01:05.0: vgaarb: deactivate vga console
[   42.889633] Console: switching to colour dummy device 80x25
[   42.889920] [drm] initializing kernel modesetting (RS780 0x1002:0x9616 0x1458:0xD000 0x00).
[   42.890569] ATOM BIOS: B27732
[   42.890585] radeon 0000:01:05.0: VRAM: 512M 0x00000000C0000000 - 0x00000000DFFFFFFF (512M used)
[   42.890590] radeon 0000:01:05.0: GTT: 512M 0x00000000A0000000 - 0x00000000BFFFFFFF
[   42.890598] [drm] Detected VRAM RAM=512M, BAR=256M
[   42.890600] [drm] RAM width 32bits DDR
[   42.890629] [drm] radeon: 512M of VRAM memory ready
[   42.890632] [drm] radeon: 512M of GTT memory ready.
[   42.890641] [drm] Loading RS780 Microcode
[   42.893910] radeon 0000:01:05.0: firmware: direct-loading firmware radeon/RS780_pfp.bin
[   42.894752] radeon 0000:01:05.0: firmware: direct-loading firmware radeon/RS780_me.bin
[   42.896489] radeon 0000:01:05.0: firmware: direct-loading firmware radeon/R600_rlc.bin
[   42.896503] [drm] radeon: power management initialized
[   42.896507] [drm] GART: num cpu pages 131072, num gpu pages 131072
[   42.915405] [drm] PCIE GART of 512M enabled (table at 0x00000000C0040000).
[   42.915440] radeon 0000:01:05.0: WB enabled
[   42.915445] radeon 0000:01:05.0: fence driver on ring 0 use gpu addr 0x00000000a0000c00
[   42.919478] radeon 0000:01:05.0: radeon: MSI limited to 32-bit
[   42.919495] [drm] radeon: irq initialized.
[   42.950634] [drm] ring test on 0 succeeded in 1 usecs
[   42.950879] [drm] ib test on ring 0 succeeded in 0 usecs
[   42.951901] [drm] Radeon Display Connectors
[   42.951903] [drm] Connector 0:
[   42.951905] [drm]   VGA-1
[   42.951906] [drm]   DDC: 0x7e40 0x7e40 0x7e44 0x7e44 0x7e48 0x7e48 0x7e4c 0x7e4c
[   42.951909] [drm]   Encoders:
[   42.951909] [drm]     CRT1: INTERNAL_KLDSCP_DAC1
[   42.951911] [drm] Connector 1:
[   42.951912] [drm]   DVI-D-1
[   42.951912] [drm]   HPD1
[   42.951913] [drm]   DDC: 0x7e50 0x7e50 0x7e54 0x7e54 0x7e58 0x7e58 0x7e5c 0x7e5c
[   42.951915] [drm]   Encoders:
[   42.951916] [drm]     DFP1: INTERNAL_KLDSCP_LVTMA
[   42.968693] [drm] fb mappable at 0xD0141000
[   42.968699] [drm] vram apper at 0xD0000000
[   42.968701] [drm] size 3145728
[   42.968704] [drm] fb depth is 24
[   42.968705] [drm]    pitch is 4096
[   42.968809] fbcon: radeondrmfb (fb0) is primary device
[   42.993990] Console: switching to colour frame buffer device 128x48
[   42.994982] radeon 0000:01:05.0: [drm] fb0: radeondrmfb frame buffer device
[   43.035372] [drm] Initialized radeon 2.50.0 20080528 for 0000:01:05.0 on minor 0
[   43.064106] EXT4-fs (md1): mounting ext2 file system using the ext4 subsystem
[   43.099664] EXT4-fs (md1): mounted filesystem without journal. Quota mode: none.
[   43.197238] EXT4-fs (dm-0): bad geometry: block count 9522326528 exceeds size of device (2856698880 blocks)
[   43.413872] SVM: TSC scaling supported
[   43.413877] kvm: Nested Virtualization enabled
[   43.413879] SVM: kvm: Nested Paging enabled
[   43.413890] SVM: LBR virtualization supported
[   43.429597] MCE: In-kernel MCE decoding enabled.
[   45.391715] [drm] amdgpu kernel modesetting enabled.
[   45.391813] amdgpu: CRAT table not found
[   45.391816] amdgpu: Virtual CRAT table created for CPU
[   45.391832] amdgpu: Topology: Add CPU node
[   45.737903] r8169 0000:04:00.0 enp4s0: Link is Up - 1Gbps/Full - flow control rx/tx
[   45.737917] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): enp4s0: link becomes ready
[   46.720565] NFSD: Using UMH upcall client tracking operations.
[   46.720571] NFSD: starting 90-second grace period (net f0000000)
[  136.827116] EXT4-fs (dm-0): bad geometry: block count 9522326528 exceeds size of device (2856698880 blocks)
[135143.417824] md: data-check of RAID array md1
[135143.489597] md: delaying data-check of md126 until md1 has finished (they share one or more physical units)
[135340.210882] md: md1: data-check done.
[135340.217461] md: data-check of RAID array md126
[135761.486563] md: md126: data-check done.
root@bolivar:/# 

我正在尝试/etc/krb5.conf用进行编辑crudini。

我尝试过这个：

$ sudo crudini --set /etc/krb5.conf libdefaults renew_lifetime 7d
Source contains parsing errors: '<???>'
        [line  2]:      default_realm = myDOMAIN.LAN
$ echo $?
1
$

我期望这样：

$ sudo crudini --set /etc/krb5.conf libdefaults renew_lifetime 7d
$ crudini --get /etc/krb5.conf libdefaults renew_lifetime
7d
$

我给出了多组不同的输入文件，如下例所示。

cat out.txt

[
  {
    "regional_unit": "node",
    "source_name": "1753250187_SPS", 
    "technology": "STP", 
    "temporal_unit": "15min", 
    "timestamp_column_name": "collectTime", 
    "timestamp_column_pattern": "yyyyMMddHHmmss", 
    "vendor": "HUA"
  }
]

我想从目录中读取此类文件，并[ & ]删除empty空格

集成 GPU (iGPU) 使用系统 RAM 来存储 GPU VRAM。如何了解 iGPU 的 VRAM 使用情况？解释了使用 GPU 专用工具来监控 VRAM 的数量，但我感兴趣的是 iGPU 是否会出现相应的 RAM 使用量（而独立 GPU 不会出现，因为它存储在与主内存分开的物理 VRAM 中）。

例如，如果我的进程分配了 512MB 的 VRAM 块：

• 标准 Linux 内存统计数据（例如由htop或显示的统计数据，free据我所知，没有显示有关 GPU 的任何信息）是否将其显示为进程分配的 RAM 数量的一部分？

• 或者这是在系统 RAM 使用情况的其他地方全局计算的吗？

• 或者它实际上从系统中“消失”，这意味着可用 RAM 的总量（由报告free）将是可变的？

我是一家提供商。我的 IP4 用完了。没有更多可用的 IP4 分配。
但是，我为每位客户使用 4 个 IP，因为光纤网络交换机使用 VLAN 路由到客户。

例如，我怎样才能为 127 个不同的 VLAN 分别分配一个 /25 中的唯一 IP，以便每个 VLAN 都能路由到那里？

假设我的 IP 是 3.8.3.1/25。我该如何将 3.8.3.2 分配给 vlan 3001、将 3.8.3.3 分配给 vlan 3002、……将 3.8.3.127 分配给 vlan 3127？

• 要求 1：这些 IP 必须能够相互通信。
• 要求 2：DHCP
• 要求3：应与流量整形兼容。

我遇到了一个奇怪的问题。我已将媒体文件复制到 USB 闪存（使用 Linux Mint）。现在，当播放此文件时，mpv它会冻结一段时间，整个屏幕上显示看起来像绿色外语符号的东西（解冻后没有字幕）。从初始磁盘播放时，播放正常。终端中计算的哈希值相同。

我想知道播放同一个文件怎么会导致不同的结果。

在 Linux 中的 Bash 中的 for 循环中我执行：

... ; do echo "$i --> $i-new" ; ...

输出结果如下：

file1  -->  file1-new
file2  -->  file2-new
...
file9  -->  file9-new
file10  -->  file10-new
file11  -->  file11-new

如何成为这样的输出：

file1   -->   file1-new
file2   -->   file2-new
...
file9   -->   file9-new
file10  -->  file10-new
file11  -->  file11-new

？