我无法在 tap 接口上接收任何数据包

我想测试一个在用户空间运行完整 IPv6 协议栈的应用程序。该应用程序应该处理并发送以太网帧。为此，我想在 Linux 上设置一个网络接口，以便我可以从本地计算机访问它，就像它是网络中的另一个参与者一样。我了解到应该使用 TAP 设备来实现这一点。因此，我创建了一个脚本来设置接口和测试应用程序。

这是我设置界面的脚本：

#!/bin/bash

MAC_ADDR="00:11:22:33:44:55"
IP_ADDR="2001:db8::2"

setup() {
    # Create the TAP interface (if not already created)
    ip tuntap add dev tap0 mode tap

    # Assign an IPv6 address to the TAP interface
    ip -6 addr add "${IP_ADDR}/64" dev tap0

    # Bring the TAP interface up
    ip link set dev tap0 up

    # Set a custom MAC address for the TAP interface
    # (Replace with your desired MAC address)
    ip link set dev tap0 address $MAC_ADDR

    # Disable kernel IPv6 handling on this interface
    sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.tap0.forwarding=0
    sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.tap0.accept_ra=0

    # Print interface details to verify the MAC address and IP
    ip addr show dev tap0
}

cleanup() {
    ip link set tap0 down || true
    ip tuntap del dev tap0 mode tap
}

# Setup tap interface
setup

# Cleanup when exiting
trap cleanup SIGINT

# Keep the interface up indefinitely
echo "Press Ctrl+C to bring down the interface"
sleep infinity

这是我的测试应用程序：

// TunInterface.h
#pragma once

#include <string>
#include <functional>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <net/if.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <cstring>
#include <iostream>
#include <netinet/if_ether.h>
#include <netinet/ip.h>

class TunInterface {
public:
    TunInterface(const std::string& dev_name,
                 std::function<void(const unsigned char*, size_t)> recv_callback,
                 const unsigned char* mac_address = nullptr)
        : dev_name(dev_name), receive_callback(recv_callback), mac_filter(mac_address) {
        // Open the TUN device
        tun_fd = open("/dev/net/tun", O_RDWR);
        if (tun_fd < 0) {
            std::cerr << "Failed to open TUN device" << std::endl;
            exit(1);
        }

        struct ifreq ifr;
        std::memset(&ifr, 0, sizeof(ifr));
        std::strncpy(ifr.ifr_name, dev_name.c_str(), IFNAMSIZ);

               // Set up the TUN interface
        if (ioctl(tun_fd, TUNSETIFF, &ifr) < 0) {
            std::cerr << "Failed to configure TUN interface" << std::endl;
            close(tun_fd);
            exit(1);
        }

        std::cout << "TUN interface " << dev_name << " configured successfully." << std::endl;
    }

    ~TunInterface() {
        close(tun_fd);
    }

           // Function to start receiving and calling the callback on incoming packets
    void receive() {
        unsigned char buffer[2048];  // Adjust the buffer size as needed
        while (true) {
            ssize_t len = read(tun_fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer));
            if (len < 0) {
                std::cerr << "Error reading from TUN interface" << std::endl;
                continue;
            }

                   // Call the user-defined callback
            if (mac_filter && !is_mac_filtered(buffer)) {
                // If the MAC address does not match the filter, skip the packet
                continue;
            }

            receive_callback(buffer, len);
        }
    }

           // Function to send a packet
    void send(const unsigned char* data, size_t len) {
        ssize_t bytes_written = write(tun_fd, data, len);
        if (bytes_written < 0) {
            std::cerr << "Error writing to TUN interface" << std::endl;
        }
    }

private:
    int tun_fd;
    std::string dev_name;
    std::function<void(const unsigned char*, size_t)> receive_callback;
    const unsigned char* mac_filter;  // If nullptr, no filtering is done

    bool is_mac_filtered(const unsigned char* packet) {
        if (mac_filter) {
            struct ethhdr* eth_header = reinterpret_cast<struct ethhdr*>(const_cast<unsigned char*>(packet));
            return std::memcmp(eth_header->h_dest, mac_filter, ETH_ALEN) == 0;
        }
        return true;  // No filter if mac_filter is nullptr
    }
};

#endif

#include "TapInterface.h"
#include <iostream>

int main() {
    // Define the MAC address for filtering (e.g., 00:11:22:33:44:55)
    uint8_t macAddr[6] = { 0x00, 0x11, 0x22, 0x33, 0x44, 0x55 };

           // Create a TapInterface with MAC filtering enabled
    TapInterface tap("tap0", macAddr);

    if (!tap.isValid()) {
        std::cerr << "Failed to create TAP interface\n";
        return 1;
    }

           // Register a callback to handle received frames
    tap.registerReceiveCallback([](const uint8_t* data, size_t len) {
        std::cout << "Received frame of length " << len << " bytes\n";
    });

    std::cout << "Listening on tap0. Press Ctrl-C to exit.\n";
    while (true) pause(); // Or use any other suitable loop
}

我运行时，ping6 2001:db8::2期望在测试应用程序中至少看到邻居发现以太网帧。但我什么也没看到。相反，我一启动测试应用程序就收到了ping6尝试的回复。看起来内核仍然在干扰。我尝试了类似的方法，使用tun设备，也成功了，但在第2层不起作用。我使用的是Ubuntu 24.04系统。

可能出了什么问题？谢谢。