问题[apt](unix)

我想在家庭网络上的 Raspberry Pi 1B 上托管一个 Web 服务器，因此我想确保软件是最新的，以最大限度地降低安全风险。我考虑使用lighttpd，并让它运行起来，但我只能从 apt 获取 1.4.69 版本，而最新版本是 1.4.76。查看更新日志，似乎有一些漏洞补丁，我希望在我的安装中安装它们。

我检查了几个来源，他们似乎都同意你不能直接从 apt 安装新版本，因为它们需要从上游手动添加到 apt。我可以从源代码构建，但最好避免这样做。但后来我偶然发现了这个问题的答案https://askubuntu.com/questions/970267/how-to-upgrade-lighttpd-1-4-33-to-1-4-47-on-ubuntu-14-04，其中说你可以检查安全补丁是否已反向移植到 apt 中可用的旧版本。

如何检查 1.4.69 和 1.4.76 之间的版本的安全修复是否已添加到从 apt 安装的 1.4.69 版本中？

其他可能相关的信息

Linux raspberrypi 6.6.51+rpt-rpi-v6 #1 Raspbian 1:6.6.51-1+rpt3 (2024-10-08) armv6l GNU/Linux

/etc/apt/sources.list：

deb [ arch=armhf ] http://raspbian.raspberrypi.com/raspbian/ bookworm main contrib non-free rpi

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ apt show lighttpd
Package: lighttpd
Version: 1.4.69-1
Priority: optional
Section: httpd
Maintainer: Debian lighttpd maintainers <[email protected]>
Installed-Size: 814 kB
Provides: httpd, httpd-cgi, lighttpd-mod-accesslog, lighttpd-mod-ajp13, lighttpd-mod-auth, lighttpd-mod-authn-file, lighttpd-mod-cgi, lighttpd-mod-dirlisting, lighttpd-mod-extforward, lighttpd-mod-proxy, lighttpd-mod-rrdtool, lighttpd-mod-sockproxy, lighttpd-mod-ssi, lighttpd-mod-status, lighttpd-mod-userdir, lighttpd-mod-vhostdb, lighttpd-mod-wstunnel
Pre-Depends: init-system-helpers (>= 1.54~)
Depends: libc6 (>= 2.36), libcrypt1 (>= 1:4.1.0), libnettle8, libpcre2-8-0 (>= 10.22), libxxhash0 (>= 0.6.5), media-types | mime-support, systemd-sysv | lsb-base
Recommends: spawn-fcgi, perl:any, lighttpd-mod-deflate, lighttpd-mod-openssl
Suggests: openssl, php-cgi, php-fpm (>= 2:7.4), apache2-utils, lighttpd-doc, lighttpd-mod-webdav, lighttpd-modules-dbi, lighttpd-modules-lua
Conflicts: lighttpd-mod-geoip, lighttpd-mod-trigger-b4-dl
Homepage: https://www.lighttpd.net/
Download-Size: 306 kB
APT-Sources: http://raspbian.raspberrypi.com/raspbian bookworm/main armhf Packages
Description: fast webserver with minimal memory footprint
 lighttpd is a small webserver and fast webserver developed with
 security in mind and a lot of features.
 It has support for
   * CGI, FastCGI and SSI
   * virtual hosts
   * URL rewriting
   * authentication (plain files, htpasswd, LDAP)
   * transparent content compression
   * conditional configuration
   * HTTP proxying
 and configuration is straight-forward and easy.

我卸载了系统上的 nvidia 驱动程序：

$ sudo apt --purge remove nvidia-driver-470

但有一个包裹仍然孤零零的：

$ apt list --installed | grep nvidia

WARNING: apt does not have a stable CLI interface. Use with caution in scripts.

libnvidia-compute-470/jammy,now 470.239.06-1pop0~1710862379~22.04~5a92c99 amd64 [installed,automatic]

如果我理解正确，使用apt rdepends将显示另一个包是否依赖于这个包：

$ sudo apt rdepends libnvidia-compute-470
[sudo] password for david: 
libnvidia-compute-470
Reverse Depends:
  Depends: libnvidia-decode-470 (= 470.256.02-0ubuntu0.22.04.1)
  Depends: nvidia-utils-470
  Depends: nvidia-headless-no-dkms-470 (= 470.256.02-0ubuntu0.22.04.1)
  Depends: nvidia-driver-470 (= 470.256.02-0ubuntu0.22.04.1)
  Depends: nvidia-compute-utils-470
  Depends: libnvidia-decode-470 (= 470.103.01-0ubuntu2)
  Replaces: libnvidia-compute-470 (<< 390.25-0ubuntu2~)
  Depends: libnvidia-compute-465
  Depends: libnvidia-compute-460
  Depends: nvidia-utils-470
  Depends: nvidia-headless-no-dkms-470 (= 470.103.01-0ubuntu2)
  Depends: nvidia-driver-470 (= 470.103.01-0ubuntu2)
  Depends: nvidia-compute-utils-470
  Replaces: libnvidia-compute-470 (<< 390.25-0ubuntu2~)
  Replaces: libnvidia-compute-470 (<< 390.25-0ubuntu2~)
  Depends: libnvidia-compute-465
  Depends: libnvidia-compute-460
  Depends: nvidia-utils-470
  Depends: nvidia-headless-no-dkms-470 (= 470.239.06-1pop0~1710862379~22.04~5a92c99)
  Depends: nvidia-driver-470 (= 470.239.06-1pop0~1710862379~22.04~5a92c99)
  Depends: nvidia-compute-utils-470
  Depends: libnvidia-decode-470 (= 470.239.06-1pop0~1710862379~22.04~5a92c99)
  Depends: libnvidia-compute-430
  Depends: libnvidia-compute-465
  Depends: libnvidia-compute-460
  Depends: libnvidia-compute-455
  Depends: libnvidia-compute-450
  Depends: libnvidia-compute-440

因此，如果我的解释正确，则只有其他 nvidia 软件包依赖于此软件包，并且没有安装其他 nvidia 软件包，那么为什么它仍然存在？apt偶尔会错过一些东西吗？使用 删除此软件包安全吗sudo apt remove libnvidia-compute-470？

编辑：这个问题并不是关于如何卸载 nvidia 驱动程序。它更多的是关于为什么 apt 会这样表现。

我希望保持系统清洁，并记录下已安装的软件包，以便以后可以删除它们。但有时依赖关系仍然存在。

我安装了该libasound2-plugin-equal包，它也拉进来了caps。我删除了libasound2-plugin-equal，但apt没有删除caps。

root@devuan:~# apt install libasound2-plugin-equal
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
  caps
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  caps libasound2-plugin-equal
0 upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 230 kB of archives.
After this operation, 632 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
Get:1 http://deb.devuan.org/merged daedalus/main amd64 caps amd64 0.9.26-1 [215 kB]
Get:2 http://deb.devuan.org/merged daedalus/main amd64 libasound2-plugin-equal amd64 0.6-8 [14.9 kB]
Fetched 230 kB in 1s (211 kB/s)               
Selecting previously unselected package caps.
(Reading database ... 268554 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../caps_0.9.26-1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking caps (0.9.26-1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libasound2-plugin-equal:amd64.
Preparing to unpack .../libasound2-plugin-equal_0.6-8_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libasound2-plugin-equal:amd64 (0.6-8) ...
Setting up caps (0.9.26-1) ...
Setting up libasound2-plugin-equal:amd64 (0.6-8) ...
root@devuan:~# 
root@devuan:~# 
root@devuan:~# apt remove libasound2-plugin-equal
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
The following packages will be REMOVED:
  libasound2-plugin-equal
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 1 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
After this operation, 72.7 kB disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
(Reading database ... 268570 files and directories currently installed.)
Removing libasound2-plugin-equal:amd64 (0.6-8) ...
root@devuan:~# 
root@devuan:~# 
root@devuan:~# apt autoremove
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
root@devuan:~# 

autoremove没有帮助。autoremove既然该caps包是作为依赖项安装的，为什么这里没有反应？

我注意到 UFW 软件包已从服务器中删除，但不记得手动删除过它。查看 的日志/var/log/apt/history.log，我注意到了以下条目：

Start-Date: 2024-06-24  18:56:55
Commandline: apt-get install -y iptables-persistent
Requested-By: ealfonso (1000)
Install: iptables-persistent:amd64 (1.0.20), netfilter-persistent:amd64 (1.0.20, automatic)
Remove: ufw:amd64 (0.36.2-1)
End-Date: 2024-06-24  18:57:06

我确实请求iptables-persistent安装。上面的日志是否表明安装触发了 UFW 删除iptables-persistent？

从iptables-persistent软件包描述来看，似乎没有与 UFW 直接冲突，并且根据这个答案，UFW 可以兼容iptables-persistent。

我刚刚使用 powershell 上的命令在 windows 11 笔记本电脑上安装了 kali linux wsl --install -d kali-linux。一切都很好，运行apt update正常，但是当我运行时apt upgrade它卡在这里：

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
The following packages have been kept back:
  apt apt-utils bind9-dnsutils bind9-host bind9-libs coreutils curl e2fsprogs fdisk git iproute2 kmod libapt-pkg-perl libbpf1
  libcryptsetup12 libfido2-1 libgssapi-krb5-2 libk5crypto3 libkmod2 libkrb5-3 libkrb5support0 libldap-2.5-0 liblocale-gettext-perl
  libncursesw6 libnsl2 libpam-modules libpam-modules-bin libpam-systemd libpython3.11-minimal libpython3.11-stdlib librtmp1
  libsasl2-2 libsasl2-modules libsasl2-modules-db libsystemd-shared libsystemd0 libtext-charwidth-perl libtext-iconv-perl libtinfo6
  openssh-client openssh-server openssh-sftp-server openssl parted perl perl-base python3-apt python3.11 python3.11-minimal sudo
  systemd tcpdump tmux tnftp wget zsh
The following packages will be upgraded:
  base-files bash bsdutils ca-certificates cron cron-daemon-common dash dbus dbus-bin dbus-daemon dbus-user-session debianutils
  distro-info-data dmsetup dpkg gcc-14-base gpgv gzip ifupdown kali-defaults kali-linux-core kali-linux-wsl kali-system-cli
  kali-system-core less libacl1 libapparmor1 libblkid1 libbsd0 libbz2-1.0 libc-bin libc-l10n libc6 libcap-ng0 libcom-err2
  libdbus-1-3 libdebconfclient0 libdevmapper1.02.1 libedit2 libexpat1 libfdisk1 libffi8 libfstrm0 libgcc-s1 libgcrypt20
  libgpg-error0 libgpm2 libldap-common liblz4-1 liblzma5 libmnl0 libmount1 libnftables1 libnftnl11 libnghttp2-14 libp11-kit0
  libpam-runtime libpam0g libprotobuf-c1 libpython3-stdlib libselinux1 libsemanage2 libsepol2 libslang2 libsmartcols1 libsodium23
  libsqlite3-0 libss2 libstdc++6 libtirpc-common libudev1 libunistring5 liburing2 libutempter0 libuuid1 libwrap0 libx11-6 libxau6
  libxcb1 libxdmcp6 libxml2 libxmuu1 locales-all logsave mount nano ncurses-base ncurses-bin ncurses-term net-tools
  netcat-traditional nftables perl-modules-5.38 plocate python-apt-common python3 python3-minimal readline-common systemd-dev
  systemd-sysv sysvinit-utils tasksel tasksel-data tzdata tzdata-legacy udev util-linux vim vim-common vim-runtime vim-tiny whois
  zlib1g
113 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 56 not upgraded.
Need to get 49.0 MB of archives.
After this operation, 207 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
Get:2 http://kali.download/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 libc-l10n all 2.38-10 [723 kB]
Get:3 http://kali.download/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 locales-all amd64 2.38-10 [10.7 MB]
Get:24 http://archive-4.kali.org/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 sysvinit-utils amd64 3.09-1 [32.3 kB]
Get:1 http://mirror.leitecastro.com/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 base-files amd64 1:2024.2.0 [75.4 kB]
Get:26 http://archive-4.kali.org/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 libpam0g amd64 1.5.3-7 [67.7 kB]
Get:34 http://http.kali.org/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 libdbus-1-3 amd64 1.14.10-4+b1 [203 kB]
Get:29 http://archive-4.kali.org/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 systemd-sysv amd64 255.5-1 [51.2 kB]
Get:48 http://mirror.leitecastro.com/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 gpgv amd64 2.2.40-3 [649 kB]
Get:56 http://http.kali.org/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 libsemanage2 amd64 3.5-1+b3 [90.3 kB]
Get:72 http://archive-4.kali.org/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 libbsd0 amd64 0.12.2-1 [131 kB]
Get:99 http://mirror.leitecastro.com/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 libss2 amd64 1.47.1-1 [27.6 kB]
Get:91 http://archive-4.kali.org/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 libcom-err2 amd64 1.47.1-1 [22.9 kB]
Get:100 http://http.kali.org/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 libtirpc-common all 1.3.4+ds-1.3 [10.9 kB]
Get:104 http://http.kali.org/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 libxau6 amd64 1:1.0.9-1+b1 [18.1 kB]
Get:106 http://archive-4.kali.org/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 libxcb1 amd64 1.17.0-2 [144 kB]
Get:4 http://kali.download/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 libc6 amd64 2.38-10 [2,768 kB]
Get:5 http://kali.download/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 libc-bin amd64 2.38-10 [611 kB]
Get:6 http://kali.download/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 gcc-14-base amd64 14-20240330-1 [43.2 kB]
Get:7 http://kali.download/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 libgcc-s1 amd64 14-20240330-1 [71.9 kB]
Get:8 http://http.kali.org/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 libstdc++6 amd64 14-20240330-1 [713 kB]
Get:9 http://kali.download/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 debianutils amd64 5.17 [89.0 kB]
Get:10 http://http.kali.org/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 bash amd64 5.2.21-2+b1 [1,493 kB]
Get:11 http://kali.download/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 bsdutils amd64 1:2.40-8 [101 kB]
Get:12 http://kali.download/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 dash amd64 0.5.12-8 [93.3 kB]
Get:13 http://http.kali.org/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 dpkg amd64 1.22.6+kali1 [1,512 kB]
Get:14 http://kali.download/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 gzip amd64 1.12-1.1 [133 kB]
Get:15 http://kali.download/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 ncurses-bin amd64 6.5-2 [433 kB]
Get:16 http://kali.download/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 libblkid1 amd64 2.40-8 [164 kB]
Get:17 http://http.kali.org/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 libselinux1 amd64 3.5-2+b2 [74.9 kB]
Get:18 http://kali.download/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 libmount1 amd64 2.40-8 [195 kB]
Get:19 http://kali.download/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 libsmartcols1 amd64 2.40-8 [135 kB]
Get:20 http://kali.download/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 libuuid1 amd64 2.40-8 [32.6 kB]
Get:21 http://kali.download/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 util-linux amd64 2.40-8 [1,206 kB]
Get:22 http://kali.download/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 ncurses-base all 6.5-2 [270 kB]
Get:23 http://kali.download/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 ncurses-term all 6.5-2 [513 kB]
Get:25 http://kali.download/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 mount amd64 2.40-8 [147 kB]
Get:27 http://kali.download/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 libpam-runtime all 1.5.3-7 [140 kB]
Get:28 http://kali.download/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 cron amd64 3.0pl1-189 [86.0 kB]
Get:30 http://http.kali.org/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 dbus-user-session amd64 1.14.10-4+b1 [79.1 kB]
Get:31 http://http.kali.org/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 dbus-bin amd64 1.14.10-4+b1 [106 kB]
Get:32 http://http.kali.org/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 dbus amd64 1.14.10-4+b1 [98.6 kB]
Get:33 http://http.kali.org/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 dbus-daemon amd64 1.14.10-4+b1 [185 kB]
Get:35 http://kali.download/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 libapparmor1 amd64 3.0.13-2 [41.6 kB]
Get:36 http://kali.download/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 libcap-ng0 amd64 0.8.5-1 [17.1 kB]
Get:37 http://kali.download/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 libexpat1 amd64 2.6.2-1 [103 kB]
Get:38 http://kali.download/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 perl-modules-5.38 all 5.38.2-4 [2,907 kB]
Get:39 http://kali.download/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 python3-minimal amd64 3.11.8-1 [26.3 kB]
Get:40 http://kali.download/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 python3 amd64 3.11.8-1 [27.4 kB]
Get:41 http://kali.download/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 libpython3-stdlib amd64 3.11.8-1 [9,332 B]
Get:42 http://http.kali.org/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 tasksel-data all 3.75+kali1 [18.2 kB]
Get:43 http://http.kali.org/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 tasksel all 3.75+kali1 [47.4 kB]
Get:44 http://kali.download/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 libbz2-1.0 amd64 1.0.8-5.1 [38.0 kB]
Get:45 http://kali.download/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 libgpg-error0 amd64 1.49-2 [79.9 kB]
Get:46 http://kali.download/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 libgcrypt20 amd64 1.10.3-3 [708 kB]
Get:47 http://kali.download/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 zlib1g amd64 1:1.3.dfsg-3.1 [87.6 kB]
Get:49 http://kali.download/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 libacl1 amd64 2.3.2-2 [32.4 kB]
Get:50 http://http.kali.org/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 libdebconfclient0 amd64 0.271+b3 [10.2 kB]
Get:51 http://kali.download/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 libffi8 amd64 3.4.6-1 [23.6 kB]
Get:52 http://kali.download/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 liblz4-1 amd64 1.9.4-2 [61.4 kB]
Get:53 http://http.kali.org/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 liblzma5 amd64 5.6.1+really5.4.5-1 [240 kB]
Get:54 http://kali.download/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 libp11-kit0 amd64 0.25.3-5 [417 kB]
Get:55 http://http.kali.org/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 libsepol2 amd64 3.5-2+b1 [278 kB]
Get:57 http://kali.download/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 systemd-dev all 255.5-1 [60.5 kB]
Get:58 http://kali.download/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 kali-defaults all 2024.2.0 [466 kB]
Get:59 http://kali.download/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 udev amd64 255.5-1 [1,796 kB]
Get:60 http://kali.download/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 libudev1 amd64 255.5-1 [126 kB]
Get:61 http://kali.download/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 libunistring5 amd64 1.2-1 [425 kB]
Get:62 http://kali.download/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 tzdata all 2024a-4 [255 kB]
Get:63 http://kali.download/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 tzdata-legacy all 2024a-4 [170 kB]
Get:64 http://kali.download/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 cron-daemon-common all 3.0pl1-189 [16.8 kB]
Get:65 http://kali.download/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 ifupdown amd64 0.8.43 [61.1 kB]
Get:66 http://kali.download/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 less amd64 643-1 [148 kB]
Get:67 http://kali.download/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 nano amd64 8.0-1 [659 kB]
Get:68 http://http.kali.org/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 libmnl0 amd64 1.0.5-2+b1 [12.2 kB]
Get:69 http://http.kali.org/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 libnftnl11 amd64 1.2.6-2+b1 [63.4 kB]
Get:70 http://kali.download/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 nftables amd64 1.0.9-2 [73.3 kB]
Get:71 http://kali.download/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 libnftables1 amd64 1.0.9-2 [315 kB]
Get:73 http://kali.download/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 libedit2 amd64 3.1-20240517-1 [93.3 kB]
Get:74 http://kali.download/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 readline-common all 8.2-4 [69.3 kB]
Get:75 http://kali.download/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 vim amd64 2:9.1.0377-1 [1,614 kB]
Get:76 http://kali.download/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 vim-common all 2:9.1.0377-1 [410 kB]
Get:77 http://kali.download/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 vim-tiny amd64 2:9.1.0377-1 [741 kB]
Get:78 http://kali.download/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 vim-runtime all 2:9.1.0377-1 [7,133 kB]
Get:79 http://kali.download/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 libgpm2 amd64 1.20.7-11 [14.0 kB]
Get:80 http://http.kali.org/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 libsodium23 amd64 1.0.18-1+b1 [163 kB]
Get:81 http://kali.download/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 ca-certificates all 20240203 [158 kB]
Get:82 http://kali.download/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 netcat-traditional amd64 1.10-48.1 [63.0 kB]
Get:83 http://kali.download/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 distro-info-data all 0.62 [6,344 B]
Get:84 http://http.kali.org/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 libdevmapper1.02.1 amd64 2:1.02.196-1+b1 [134 kB]
Get:85 http://http.kali.org/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 dmsetup amd64 2:1.02.196-1+b1 [82.6 kB]
Get:86 http://kali.download/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 kali-system-core amd64 2024.2.10 [13.2 kB]
Get:87 http://kali.download/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 kali-linux-core amd64 2024.2.10 [13.1 kB]
Get:88 http://kali.download/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 kali-system-cli amd64 2024.2.10 [13.1 kB]
Get:89 http://kali.download/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 net-tools amd64 2.10-1.1 [243 kB]
Get:90 http://kali.download/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 kali-linux-wsl amd64 2024.2.10 [13.1 kB]
Get:92 http://kali.download/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 libfdisk1 amd64 2.40-8 [206 kB]
Get:93 http://http.kali.org/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 libfstrm0 amd64 0.6.1-1+b2 [21.8 kB]
Get:94 http://http.kali.org/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 libldap-common all 2.5.17+dfsg-1 [31.5 kB]
Get:95 http://http.kali.org/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 libnghttp2-14 amd64 1.61.0-1+b1 [75.6 kB]
Get:96 http://http.kali.org/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 libprotobuf-c1 amd64 1.4.1-1+b2 [27.4 kB]
Get:97 http://kali.download/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 libslang2 amd64 2.3.3-5 [551 kB]
Get:98 http://kali.download/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 libsqlite3-0 amd64 3.45.3-1 [896 kB]
Get:101 http://kali.download/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 liburing2 amd64 2.6-1 [23.9 kB]
Get:102 http://http.kali.org/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 libutempter0 amd64 1.2.1-3+b1 [9,256 B]
Get:103 http://kali.download/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 libwrap0 amd64 7.6.q-33 [55.1 kB]
Get:105 http://http.kali.org/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 libxdmcp6 amd64 1:1.1.2-3+b1 [24.3 kB]
Get:107 http://http.kali.org/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 libx11-6 amd64 2:1.8.7-1+b1 [799 kB]
Get:108 http://http.kali.org/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 libxml2 amd64 2.9.14+dfsg-1.3+b3 [692 kB]
Get:109 http://http.kali.org/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 libxmuu1 amd64 2:1.1.3-3+b2 [21.9 kB]
Get:110 http://kali.download/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 logsave amd64 1.47.1-1 [22.7 kB]
Get:111 http://kali.download/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 plocate amd64 1.1.22-3 [144 kB]
Get:112 http://kali.download/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 python-apt-common all 2.9.0 [66.2 kB]
Get:113 http://kali.download/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 whois amd64 5.5.23 [71.4 kB]
Fetched 49.0 MB in 35s (1,417 kB/s)
Extracting templates from packages: 100%
Preconfiguring packages ...
(Reading database ... 30058 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../base-files_1%3a2024.2.0_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking base-files (1:2024.2.0) over (1:2024.1.0) ...
dpkg: warning: unable to delete old directory '/lib/systemd/system-preset': Directory not empty
Setting up base-files (1:2024.2.0) ...
(Reading database ... 30058 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../libc-l10n_2.38-10_all.deb ...
Unpacking libc-l10n (2.38-10) over (2.37-12) ...
Preparing to unpack .../locales-all_2.38-10_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking locales-all (2.38-10) over (2.37-12) ...
Preparing to unpack .../libc6_2.38-10_amd64.deb ...
Checking for services that may need to be restarted...
Checking init scripts...
Unpacking libc6:amd64 (2.38-10) over (2.37-12) ...
Setting up libc6:amd64 (2.38-10) ...
Checking for services that may need to be restarted...
Checking init scripts...
Nothing to restart.

Progress: [  2%] [##.............................................................................................................]

我尝试过等待，花了一整天时间，但仍然只有 2%。我尝试手动配置 dpkg，处理时出现错误libc6:amd64。libc-bin我知道这不是时间问题，我确信存在实际问题，应该修复。你有什么想法吗？

我正在通过以下方式进行无人值守/非交互式软件包安装

DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get install -y my_package

这在大多数情况下都可以正常工作，但如果存在配置文件冲突，仍然会给我一个交互式提示，例如：

Configuration file '/etc/foo'
 ==> Modified (by you or by a script) since installation.
 ==> Package distributor has shipped an updated version.
   What would you like to do about it ?  Your options are:
    Y or I  : install the package maintainer's version
    N or O  : keep your currently-installed version
      D     : show the differences between the versions
      Z     : start a shell to examine the situation

我知道我可以通过将合适的dpkg选项传递给apt-getvia-o来选择这个问题的答案，例如

DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get -o DPkg::Options::=--force-confdef install -y  my_package

但是，提供的相应选项dpkg似乎不包括在发生冲突时中止安装的方法，而这正是我所需要的。

apt-get如果遇到配置冲突，如何以非交互方式安装软件包并失败？

我也可以接受以下内容：

• 调用前非交互检查apt-get是否会发生冲突
• 将配置文件的版本保留在磁盘上（如--confold），但随后以非零退出代码退出或使用其他方法来检测此情况。

有没有跳过光驱的热键？

Media change: please insert the disc labeled
 ...
in the drive '/media/cdrom/' and press [Enter]

我不想终止该进程。

我想打破这个循环：

是什么原因造成的：

我确实进入了apt-get install apache2 apache2-utils。

我从来没有编辑/etc/apt/sources.list过这个盒子。

根据安装指南，在我的 Debian 12 上执行：

• sudo apt-get install python3 python3-pip python3-setuptools python3-wheel ninja-build
• sudo apt install build-essential

meson应该安装在我的系统上。

如果我做一个sudo updatedb+locate meson | xargs -I {} dirname {} | sort | uniq

我有很多输出：

/data/docker/overlay2/a7ad1e9d584e8675ba05ab724dbf033bd1d83d907756e429f0c2d40f1a919cec/diff/usr/share/mime/text
/data/sauvegardes_par_rsync/home/lebihan/dev/apprentissageDev/python/python_pour_les_mathématiques/ch01/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/scipy
/home/lebihan/Bureau/anaconda3/pkgs/fribidi-1.0.10-h7b6447c_0/info/recipe
/home/lebihan/Bureau/anaconda3/pkgs/glib-2.68.1-h36276a3_0/info/recipe/patches
/home/lebihan/dev/apprentissageDev/python/python_pour_les_mathématiques/ch01/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/scipy
/home/lebihan/dev/Java/opensource/openapi-generator/samples/server/petstore/cpp-pistache/build/PISTACHE-prefix/src/PISTACHE
/home/lebihan/.local/share/JetBrains/Toolbox/apps/clion/plugins
/home/lebihan/.local/share/JetBrains/Toolbox/apps/clion/plugins/clion-meson-plugin
/home/lebihan/.local/share/JetBrains/Toolbox/apps/clion/plugins/clion-meson-plugin/lib
/home/lebihan/.mozilla/firefox/eolge1mk.default-esr/storage/default
/home/lebihan/.mozilla/firefox/eolge1mk.default-esr/storage/default/https+++mesonbuild.com
/home/lebihan/.steam/debian-installation/ubuntu12_64/steam-runtime-sniper/sniper_platform_0.20240307.80401/files/share/mime/text
/snap/gnome-3-28-1804/194/usr/share/gtksourceview-3.0/language-specs
/snap/gnome-3-28-1804/194/usr/share/mime/text
/snap/gnome-3-28-1804/198/usr/share/gtksourceview-3.0/language-specs
/snap/gnome-3-28-1804/198/usr/share/mime/text
/snap/gnome-3-38-2004/140/usr/share/gtksourceview-3.0/language-specs
/snap/gnome-3-38-2004/140/usr/share/gtksourceview-4/language-specs
/snap/gnome-3-38-2004/140/usr/share/mime/text
/snap/gnome-3-38-2004/143/usr/share/gtksourceview-3.0/language-specs
/snap/gnome-3-38-2004/143/usr/share/gtksourceview-4/language-specs
/snap/gnome-3-38-2004/143/usr/share/mime/text
/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pygments/lexers
/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pygments/lexers/__pycache__
/usr/pgadmin4/venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/pygments/lexers
/usr/share/doc/libdav1d-dev/examples
/usr/share/gtksourceview-4/language-specs
/usr/share/gtksourceview-5/language-specs
/usr/share/mime/text
/usr/share/vim/vim90/ftplugin
/usr/share/vim/vim90/indent
/usr/share/vim/vim90/syntax
/usr/src/linux-headers-6.1.0-18-common/arch/arm/include/debug
/usr/src/linux-headers-6.1.0-18-common/include/dt-bindings/clock
/usr/src/linux-headers-6.1.0-18-common/include/dt-bindings/gpio
/usr/src/linux-headers-6.1.0-18-common/include/dt-bindings/power
/usr/src/linux-headers-6.1.0-18-common/include/dt-bindings/reset
/usr/src/linux-headers-6.1.0-18-common/include/dt-bindings/sound
/usr/src/linux-headers-6.1.0-18-common/include/linux/firmware
/usr/src/linux-headers-6.1.0-18-common/include/linux/firmware/meson
/usr/src/linux-headers-6.1.0-18-common/include/linux/soc/amlogic
/usr/src/linux-headers-6.1.0-20-common/arch/arm/include/debug
/usr/src/linux-headers-6.1.0-20-common/include/dt-bindings/clock
/usr/src/linux-headers-6.1.0-20-common/include/dt-bindings/gpio
/usr/src/linux-headers-6.1.0-20-common/include/dt-bindings/power
/usr/src/linux-headers-6.1.0-20-common/include/dt-bindings/reset
/usr/src/linux-headers-6.1.0-20-common/include/dt-bindings/sound
/usr/src/linux-headers-6.1.0-20-common/include/linux/firmware
/usr/src/linux-headers-6.1.0-20-common/include/linux/firmware/meson
/usr/src/linux-headers-6.1.0-20-common/include/linux/soc/amlogic

我有一条看起来正常的路径：

echo $PATH
/home/lebihan/anaconda3/bin:/home/lebihan/.local/bin:/home/lebihan/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/local/games:/usr/games:/snap/bin:/opt/apache-maven-3.9.4/bin:/opt/zeppelin-0.10.0-bin-all/bin:/opt/spark-3.3.0-bin-hadoop3/bin:/opt/gradle/gradle-6.9.1/bin:/opt/kafka_2.12-3.4.0/bin:/home/lebihan/.local/share/coursier//bin:/home/lebihan/.local/bin/bin:/usr/local/go/bin:/home/lebihan/.local/share/JetBrains/Toolbox/scripts:/home/lebihan/.local/share/coursier/bin

但是，我的命令meson找不到任何地方......

$meson
bash: meson : commande introuvable

它可能在哪里？

我如何使用 APT 找出它引用的是哪个包？

host# apt-get install xvnc4viewer
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
Package xvnc4viewer is not available, but is referred to by another package.
This may mean that the package is missing, has been obsoleted, or
is only available from another source

E: Package 'xvnc4viewer' has no installation candidate
host# 
host# 
host# 
host# apt-cache show xvnc4viewer
N: Can't select versions from package 'xvnc4viewer' as it is purely virtual
N: No packages found
host# 

当我运行时sudo apt update，最后我收到信息：

10 packages can be upgraded. Run 'apt list --upgradable' to see them.

对于sudo apt-get update，我没有收到该消息。我如何添加该文本？