主页 / unix / 问题

全部问题(unix)

Martin Hope
Vlastimil Burián
Asked: 2019-12-13 14:09:40 +0800 CST
  • 93

每次我在运行GNU/Linux Debian Buster 10. 0的 Dell PowerEdge T20 服务器上更新我的initramfs映像（-s）时都会收到这些警告。有解决办法吗？update-initramfs 

W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/i915/bxt_dmc_ver1_07.bin for module i915
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/i915/skl_dmc_ver1_27.bin for module i915
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/i915/kbl_dmc_ver1_04.bin for module i915
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/i915/cnl_dmc_ver1_07.bin for module i915
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/i915/glk_dmc_ver1_04.bin for module i915
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/i915/kbl_guc_ver9_39.bin for module i915
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/i915/bxt_guc_ver9_29.bin for module i915
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/i915/skl_guc_ver9_33.bin for module i915
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/i915/kbl_huc_ver02_00_1810.bin for module i915
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/i915/bxt_huc_ver01_07_1398.bin for module i915
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/i915/skl_huc_ver01_07_1398.bin for module i915
debian initramfs
Martin Hope
Zhro
Asked: 2019-09-15 16:57:25 +0800 CST
  • 82

多年来我一直ln在编写符号链接，但我仍然把参数的顺序弄错了。

这通常让我写：

ln -s a b

然后看着输出提醒自己。

我总是想像a -> b我读到的那样，而实际上恰恰相反b -> a。这感觉违反直觉，所以我发现我总是在怀疑自己。

有没有人有任何提示可以帮助我记住正确的顺序？

symlink ln
Martin Hope
Timothy Pulliam
Asked: 2018-08-17 10:00:46 +0800 CST
  • 78

我正在尝试学习如何使用 getopts，以便我可以拥有带有解析输入的脚本（尽管我认为 getopts 可能会更好）。我正在尝试编写一个简单的脚本来返回分区使用百分比。问题是我的一个 bash 函数似乎不喜欢我$1在函数中作为变量引用。我引用的原因$1是因为该get_percent函数可以传递一个挂载点作为可选参数来显示，而不是所有的挂载点。

剧本

#!/usr/bin/bash

set -e
set -u
set -o pipefail

get_percent(){
    if [ -n "$1" ] 
    then
        df -h $1 | tail -n +2 | awk '{ print $1,"\t",$5 }'
    else
        df -h | tail -n +2 | awk '{ print $1,"\t",$5 }'
    fi
}

usage(){
    echo "script usage: $(basename $0) [-h] [-p] [-m mount_point]" >&2
}

# If the user doesn't supply any arguments, we run the script as normal
if [ $# -eq 0 ];
then
    get_percent
    exit 0
fi
# ...

输出

$ bash thing.sh
thing.sh: line 8: $1: unbound variable

$ bash -x thing.sh
+ set -e
+ set -u
+ set -o pipefail
+ '[' 0 -eq 0 ']'
+ get_percent
thing.sh: line 8: $1: unbound variable
bash shell-script
Martin Hope
Piotr Dobrogost
Asked: 2018-05-09 09:01:24 +0800 CST
  • 76

我通过网关连接到局域网并访问 Internet。本地网络中有 DNS 服务器，能够解析本地网络中计算机的主机名。

我想配置systemd-resolved和systemd-networkd以便本地主机名的查找请求将专门定向（路由）到本地 DNS 服务器，而对所有其他主机名的查找请求将专门定向到另一个远程 DNS 服务器。

假设我不知道配置文件在哪里，或者我是否应该添加更多文件并要求在答案中指定它们的路径。

linux systemd
Martin Hope
Rodrigo
Asked: 2018-04-30 20:07:43 +0800 CST
  • 82

我正在尝试在 Debian Stretch 中安装最新的 NVIDIA 驱动程序。我已经NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-390.48.run从这里下载了，但是当我尝试做

sudo sh ./NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-390.48.run

按照建议，会出现一条错误消息。

ERROR: An NVIDIA kernel module 'nvidia-drm' appears to already be loaded in your kernel.  This may be because it is in use (for example, by an X server, a CUDA program, or 
         the NVIDIA Persistence Daemon), but this may also happen if your kernel was configured without support for module unloading.  Please be sure to exit any programs    
         that may be using the GPU(s) before attempting to upgrade your driver.  If no GPU-based programs are running, you know that your kernel supports module unloading,   
         and you still receive this message, then an error may have occured that has corrupted an NVIDIA kernel module's usage count, for which the simplest remedy is to     
         reboot your computer.

当我试图找出谁在使用nvidia-drm（或nvidia_drm）时，我什么也看不到。

~$ sudo lsof | grep nvidia-drm
lsof: WARNING: can't stat() fuse.gvfsd-fuse file system /run/user/1000/gvfs
      Output information may be incomplete.
~$ sudo lsof -e /run/user/1000/gvfs | grep nvidia-drm
~$

当我尝试删除它时，它说它正在被使用。

~$ sudo modprobe -r nvidia-drm
modprobe: FATAL: Module nvidia_drm is in use.
~$

我已经重新启动并以纯文本模式启动（通过在提供用户名/密码之前按 Ctrl+Alt+F2），但我得到了同样的错误。

除此之外，我如何“知道我的内核支持模块卸载”？

我在启动时收到了一些与 nvidia 相关的警告，但不知道它们是否相关：

Apr 30 00:46:15 debian-9 kernel: nvidia: loading out-of-tree module taints kernel.
Apr 30 00:46:15 debian-9 kernel: nvidia: module license 'NVIDIA' taints kernel.
Apr 30 00:46:15 debian-9 kernel: Disabling lock debugging due to kernel taint
Apr 30 00:46:15 debian-9 kernel: NVRM: loading NVIDIA UNIX x86_64 Kernel Module  375.82  Wed Jul 19 21:16:49 PDT 2017 (using threaded interrupts)
debian kernel
Martin Hope
gmile
Asked: 2018-03-08 03:26:19 +0800 CST
  • 75

在云提供商的虚拟机中，我看到一个带有奇怪随机名称的进程。它消耗大量的网络和 CPU 资源。

从视图来看，该过程如下所示pstree：

systemd(1)───eyshcjdmzg(37775)─┬─{eyshcjdmzg}(37782)
                               ├─{eyshcjdmzg}(37783)
                               └─{eyshcjdmzg}(37784)

我使用strace -p PID. 这是我得到的输出：https ://gist.github.com/gmile/eb34d262012afeea82af1c21713b1be9 。

杀死进程不起作用。它以某种方式（通过systemd？）复活了。这是从 systemd 的角度来看它的样子（注意底部奇怪的 IP 地址）：

$ systemctl status 37775
● session-60.scope - Session 60 of user root
   Loaded: loaded
Transient: yes
  Drop-In: /run/systemd/system/session-60.scope.d
           └─50-After-systemd-logind\x2eservice.conf, 50-After-systemd-user-sessions\x2eservice.conf, 50-Description.conf, 50-SendSIGHUP.conf, 50-Slice.conf, 50-TasksMax.conf
   Active: active (abandoned) since Tue 2018-03-06 10:42:51 EET; 1 day 1h ago
    Tasks: 14
   Memory: 155.4M
      CPU: 18h 56min 4.266s
   CGroup: /user.slice/user-0.slice/session-60.scope
           ├─37775 cat resolv.conf
           ├─48798 cd /etc
           ├─48799 sh
           ├─48804 who
           ├─48806 ifconfig eth0
           ├─48807 netstat -an
           ├─48825 cd /etc
           ├─48828 id
           ├─48831 ps -ef
           ├─48833 grep "A"
           └─48834 whoami

Mar 06 10:42:51 k8s-master systemd[1]: Started Session 60 of user root.
Mar 06 10:43:27 k8s-master sshd[37594]: Received disconnect from 23.27.74.92 port 59964:11:
Mar 06 10:43:27 k8s-master sshd[37594]: Disconnected from 23.27.74.92 port 59964
Mar 06 10:43:27 k8s-master sshd[37594]: pam_unix(sshd:session): session closed for user root

到底是怎么回事？！

centos systemd
Martin Hope
Bagas Sanjaya
Asked: 2017-12-20 05:48:21 +0800 CST
  • 92

据我所知，每个操作系统都有不同的方式来标记行尾 (EOL) 字符。商业操作系统对 EOL 使用回车（Windows 上的回车和换行，Mac 上只有回车）。另一方面，Linux 仅对 EOL 使用换行符。

为什么 Linux 不使用 EOL 的回车（而只使用换行符）？

files history
Martin Hope
showkey
Asked: 2017-12-03 02:15:02 +0800 CST
  • 77
sudo apt-get install pppoe

将下载pppoe包并安装它。

是否可以只下载pppoe软件包而不使用apt-get命令安装它？

wget http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/pool/main/p/ppp/ppp_2.4.7-1+4_amd64.deb

ppp_2.4.7-1+4_amd64.deb 现在在当前目录中。

cd  /tmp
sudo  apt-get install  -d  ppp
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  ppp
0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 95 not upgraded.
Need to get 0 B/346 kB of archives.
After this operation, 949 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Download complete and in download only mode

/tmp 中没有 ppp_2.4.7-1+4_amd64.deb或 ppp 相关的包。

sudo  find  /tmp  -name  ppp*

什么都没找到。

/tmp 中带有命令的包 ppp 在哪里

cd  /tmp
sudo  apt-get install  -d  ppp

??

apt download
上一页
下一页