nobody's questions

我正在运行 Lubuntu 22.04。对于 PS4，我在带有 exfat 文件系统的 USB 驱动器上创建；我不记得它是与较新的 exfatprogs 还是与较旧的 exfat-utils 一起使用的。

问题：

sudo dump.exfat /dev/sdc1
exfatprogs version : 1.1.3
-------------- Dump Boot sector region --------------
Volume Length(sectors):                 625139712
FAT Offset(sector offset):              128
FAT Length(sectors):                    19328
Cluster Heap Offset (sector offset):    19456
Cluster Count:                          2441876
Root Cluster (cluster offset):          6
Volume Serial:                          0xe6d20c21
Sector Size Bits:                       9
Sector per Cluster bits:                8

----------------- Dump Root entries -----------------
Volume entry type:                      0x3
Volume label: 
Volume label character count:           0
Bitmap entry type:                      0x81
Bitmap start cluster:                   2
Bitmap size:                            305235
Upcase table entry type:                0x82
Upcase table start cluster:             5
Upcase table size:                      5836

---------------- Show the statistics ----------------
Cluster size:                           131072
Total Clusters:                         2441876
Free Clusters:                          2434069

显示我用来创建它的文件系统的转储。

我想给 exfat 文件系统一个标签，但我不知道我是否必须使用tune.exfat或exfatlabel- 或者我使用哪个无关紧要？

如何用 sed 替换 /boot/grub/grub.cfg 中的 UUID？

出于某种原因，我必须88411b09-1aaa-4775-9fc7-f60041049d6c用 我发现的f210c829-2c04-4963-9a78-d61cf8ebbd48字符串替换字符串，但我无法使其适应我的情况。我也发现了这个，但我得到了一个错误。/boot/grub/grub.cfg

grep -q 88411b09-1aaa-4775-9fc7-f60041049d6c /media/alex/f210c829-2c04-4963-9a78-d61cf8ebbd48/boot/grub/grub.cfg && sudo sed -i 's/88411b09-1aaa-4775-9fc7-f60041049d6c/f210c829-2c04-4963-9a78-d61cf8ebbd48' /media/alex/f210c829-2c04-4963-9a78-d61cf8ebbd48/boot/grub/grub.cfg
sed: -e expression #1, char 75: unterminated `s' command

我将尝试在 lubuntu 20.04 中向我发送短信提醒。我的自动启动 ($HOME/.config/autostart) 中有 2 个有效，第二个无效。

工作执行放置在 /usr/local/bin/ 中的 bash-skript 第二次我在 $HOME/.config/autostart/ 下创建一个桌面文件

cat .config/autostart/firefox-hold.desktop 
[Desktop Entry]
Exec=/usr/bin/notify-send "firefox auf hold gesetzt"
Name=firefox-hold
Type=Application
OnlyShowIn=LXQt;
Version=1.0

我激活它

lxqt-config-session

查看 .xsession-errors

+ /usr/bin/notify-send -i /usr/share/icons/gnome/48x48/status/dialog-warning.png Warnung 'home voll' # the working one

从第二

notify-send \"firefox auf hold gesetzt\" #looks strange

在终端中，该命令notify-send "firefox auf hold gesetzt"有效。

操作系统=lubuntu 20.04。我将升级到 22.04（不是问题）我想备份我的 $HOME，但有些文件不属于我的用户

是否可以将 find 的输出提供给 rsync 并让他排除它？

我的英语不足：

find $HOME -not -user $USER
/home/alex/initrd.img-5.3.0-53-generic
/home/alex/backup/restricted.pref
skip

我可以以某种方式以这种形式将其提供给 rsync 吗？就像从文件中一样？

rsync someoption --exclude /path/to my exclude file

我不知道如何排除文件和文件夹，但如果没有必要，我有点懒惰地更改我的备份脚本。

我正在使用 sddm 作为显示管理器运行 lubuntu 20.04。

每当我通过 gui 注销并以其他用户身份登录时，用户会话都不会被杀死（不知道它是否是设计使然）。所以 loginctl 为我的用户显示了双重会话。

我杀死的 2. 用户的所有会话

killall -u second_user_name

对于我的主要用户 3 个会话仍然存在。

我可以删除的具有最低会话 ID 的会话

sudo loginctl kill-session 3

剩饭剩菜

loginctl list-sessions 
SESSION  UID USER SEAT  TTY
     11 1000 alex seat0    
     21 1000 alex seat0    

下次试试

alex@Guilmon:~$ sudo loginctl kill-session 11
[sudo] Passwort für alex: 

alex@Guilmon:~$ loginctl list-sessions 
SESSION  UID USER SEAT  TTY
     11 1000 alex seat0    
     21 1000 alex seat0    

2 sessions listed.
alex@Guilmon:~$ 


How can I get rid of it? Or avoid this situation (more than one session per user)

我用这个script工具做了一个终端记录。

mediainfo video 
General
Complete name                            : video
File size                                : 1.29 KiB

我可以玩它scriptreplay。是否可以将其转换为 GIF，例如使用ffmpeg或其他程序？

澄清一下，我script的意思是来自bsdutils包，而不是程序脚本。我认为保存的文件是一种视频，所以我可以 grep 一些帧/图片并创建一个 GIF。

我希望现在更清楚了。

我在 Lubuntu Focal 上。

Hardwaretime 显示正确，但在我的桌面上时钟是 2 小时后。

hwclock --verbose
hwclock from util-linux 2.34
System Time: 1618052149.196788
Trying to open: /dev/rtc0
Using the rtc interface to the clock.
Last drift adjustment done at 1617960063 seconds after 1969
Last calibration done at 1617960063 seconds after 1969
Hardware clock is on UTC time
Assuming hardware clock is kept in UTC time.
Waiting for clock tick...
...got clock tick
Time read from Hardware Clock: 2021/04/10 10:55:51 #correct time
Hw clock time : 2021/04/10 10:55:51 = 1618052151 seconds since 1969
Time since last adjustment is 92088 seconds
Calculated Hardware Clock drift is 0.000000 seconds
2021-04-10 12:55:50.014897+02:00

与timedatectl：

 timedatectl status
               Local time: Sa 2021-04-10 12:57:51 CEST #wrong time
           Universal time: Sa 2021-04-10 10:57:51 UTC 
                 RTC time: Sa 2021-04-10 10:57:51     
                Time zone: Europe/Berlin (CEST, +0200)
System clock synchronized: no                         
              NTP service: inactive                   
          RTC in local TZ: no                         

重新配置 tzdata 没有帮助；时区设置正确。

也试过：

timedatectl set-local-rtc 0

..没有帮助，但也许我理解手册页错误。

核心：

uname -r
5.4.0-70-generic

请注意使用 debian 的双引导，不存在 Windows。

我正在运行 lubuntu 20.04。debsums 告诉我；它缺少包 procps 中的 conf 文件。

sudo apt install --reinstall -o Dpkg::Options::=--confmiss procps
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following packages will be REMOVED:
  libaom0:i386* libapparmor1:i386* libasn1-8-heimdal:i386* libasound2:i386* libasyncns0:i386* libavcodec58:i386* libavutil56:i386* libblkid1:i386*
  libcairo-gobject2:i386* libcairo2:i386* libcap2:i386* libcodec2-0.9:i386* libcom-err2:i386* libdatrie1:i386* libdb5.3:i386* libdbus-1-3:i386*
  libexif12:i386* libfaudio0:i386* libflac8:i386* libfontconfig1:i386* libfreetype6:i386* libfribidi0:i386* libgcrypt20:i386* libgd3:i386*
  libgdk-pixbuf2.0-0:i386* libglib2.0-0:i386* libgmp10:i386* libgnutls30:i386* libgomp1:i386* libgphoto2-6:i386* libgphoto2-port12:i386*
  libgraphite2-3:i386* libgsm1:i386* libgssapi3-heimdal:i386* libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-0:i386* libgstreamer1.0-0:i386* libharfbuzz0b:i386*
  libhcrypto4-heimdal:i386* libheimbase1-heimdal:i386* libheimntlm0-heimdal:i386* libhogweed5:i386* libhx509-5-heimdal:i386* libicu66:i386*
  libjbig0:i386* libjpeg-turbo8:i386* libjpeg8:i386* libkrb5-26-heimdal:i386* liblcms2-2:i386* libldap-2.4-2:i386* libltdl7:i386* liblz4-1:i386*
  liblzma5:i386* libmount1:i386* libmp3lame0:i386* libmpg123-0:i386* libncurses6:i386* libnettle7:i386* libnuma1:i386* libogg0:i386* libopenal1:i386*
  libopenjp2-7:i386* libopus0:i386* liborc-0.4-0:i386* libp11-kit0:i386* libpango-1.0-0:i386* libpangocairo-1.0-0:i386* libpangoft2-1.0-0:i386*
  libpcap0.8:i386* libpcre2-8-0:i386* libpcre3:i386* libpixman-1-0:i386* libpng16-16:i386* libpulse0:i386* libroken18-heimdal:i386* librsvg2-2:i386*
  libsasl2-2:i386* libsasl2-modules-db:i386* libsdl2-2.0-0:i386* libselinux1:i386* libshine3:i386* libsnappy1v5:i386* libsndfile1:i386* libsndio7.0:i386*
  libsoxr0:i386* libspeex1:i386* libsqlite3-0:i386* libstb0:i386* libswresample3:i386* libsystemd0:i386* libtasn1-6:i386* libthai0:i386* libtheora0:i386*
  libtiff5:i386* libtwolame0:i386* libusb-1.0-0:i386* libuuid1:i386* libva-drm2:i386* libva-x11-2:i386* libva2:i386* libvdpau1:i386* libvkd3d1:i386*
  libvorbis0a:i386* libvorbisenc2:i386* libvpx6:i386* libwavpack1:i386* libwayland-client0:i386* libwayland-cursor0:i386* libwayland-egl1:i386*
  libwebp6:i386* libwebpmux3:i386* libwind0-heimdal:i386* libwine:i386* libwrap0:i386* libx264-155:i386* libx265-179:i386* libxcb-render0:i386*
  libxcb-shm0:i386* libxcursor1:i386* libxi6:i386* libxkbcommon0:i386* libxml2:i386* libxpm4:i386* libxrandr2:i386* libxrender1:i386* libxvidcore4:i386*
  libzvbi0:i386* ocl-icd-libopencl1:i386* wine32:i386*
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 1 reinstalled, 128 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 233 kB of archives.
After this operation, 385 MB disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] 

但我需要它们来安装 playonlinux 的 goo 世界。

我的重新安装命令是否错误？

apt-cache policy procps
procps:
  Installed: 2:3.3.16-1ubuntu2
  Candidate: 2:3.3.16-1ubuntu2
  Version table:
 *** 2:3.3.16-1ubuntu2 500
        500 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal/main amd64 Packages
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status

感谢您的阅读。

注意升级运行顺利。

我正在运行 lubuntu 20.04。

在 /etc/fstab 中，我挂载了我的 Debian-home 文件系统，并从该文件系统中绑定了一个文件夹。

cat /etc/fstab 
# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
# Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a device; this may
# be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices that works even if
# disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).
#
# <file system>             <mount point>  <type>  <options>  <dump>  <pass>
UUID=a19641aa-75ea-4815-b7c3-ce4c0a3cd0c9 /              ext4    defaults,discard 0 1
UUID=3bbf1ad8-b0d0-464e-a73b-9337e16d95d0 /home          ext4    defaults   0 2
UUID=927f38a0-c962-47de-9361-f1730032704e swap           swap    defaults   0 2
# Debian-home einbinden  # my debian $HOME filesystem
UUID=1ebf0f02-cdd8-44d9-80f9-7078de79e191  /media/debian-home-partition  ext4 user,auto    0       2
# einzelne Ordner einbinden von debian-home # folder with Videos
/media/debian-home-partition/alex/jd2  /home/alex/jd2   none  bind,defaults                 0       0

tmpfs                                     /tmp           tmpfs   defaults,noatime,mode=1777 0 0

debian 和 ubuntu 中的用户名和 (id/gid) 相同。我可以将 ubuntu $HOME 中的 mv 或 cp 文件绑定到文件夹。

但不知何故 find 不起作用。

find jd2/downloads/ -name Xemnas

没有什么。

但

ls -al jd2/downloads/ | grep -i xemnas
-rw-rw-r--   1 alex alex 305670178 Dez 31 16:18 Kingdom Hearts 3 ReMind - Roxas, Axel, Xion vs Xemnas Boss Fight (PS4 Pro) (4K) (60FPS)-AQofRl7z2u8.mp4

尝试一点调试

LANG=C
alex@Guilmon:~$ find -D tree jd2/downloads/ -name xemnas
Predicate List:
[(] [-name] [)] [-a] [-print] 
Eval Tree:
pred=[-a] type=bi_op prec=and cost=Unknown est_success_rate=0,1000 no side effects 
left:
    pred=[-name xemnas] type=primary prec=no cost=Unknown est_success_rate=0,1000 no side effects 
    no children.
right:
    pred=[-print] type=primary prec=no cost=Unknown est_success_rate=1,000 side effects 
    no children.
Normalized Eval Tree:
pred=[-a] type=bi_op prec=and cost=Nothing est_success_rate=0,1000 no side effects 
left:
    pred=[-a] type=bi_op prec=and cost=Nothing est_success_rate=0,1000 no side effects 
    no left.
    right:
        pred=[-name xemnas] type=primary prec=no cost=Nothing est_success_rate=0,1000 no side effects 
        no children.
right:
    pred=[-print] type=primary prec=no cost=Nothing est_success_rate=1,000 side effects 
    no children.
Optimized Eval Tree:
pred=[-a] type=bi_op prec=and cost=Nothing est_success_rate=0,1000 no side effects 
left:
    pred=[-a] type=bi_op prec=and cost=Nothing est_success_rate=0,1000 no side effects 
    no left.
    right:
        pred=[-name xemnas] type=primary prec=no cost=Nothing est_success_rate=0,1000 no side effects 
        no children.
right:
    pred=[-print] type=primary prec=no cost=Nothing est_success_rate=1,000 side effects 
    no children.
Optimized command line:
-name xemnas [est success rate 0,1] -a [est success rate 0,1] -print [est success rate 1] 

我的绑定安装不正确吗？还是我通过 find 命令监督了某些事情？

我运行 Lubuntu 20.04 作为具有传统引导的 Virtualbox 的主机操作系统。我试图在 Virtualbox 中安装 Groovy，但我遇到了这个错误安装 Ubuntu Groovy 手动分区没有 EFI 系统分区即使在非 UEFI 系统上也会在“grub-install /dev/sda”上失败 - 我收到一个错误对话框说

执行“grub-install /dev/sda”失败。这是一个致命错误。

我想我可以efi-grub在实时会话中清除，然后在安装后修复引导加载程序，chroot所以我没有删除安装程序将创建的 EFI 文件系统。

$ sudo apt purge grub-efi-amd64-bin
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
  localechooser-data
The following packages will be REMOVED:
  grub-efi-amd64-bin* grub-efi-amd64-signed* shim-signed* ubiquity*
  ubiquity-frontend-gtk*
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  localechooser-data
WARNING: The following essential packages will be removed.
This should NOT be done unless you know exactly what you are doing!
  shim-signed grub-efi-amd64-signed (due to shim-signed)
0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 5 to remove and 16 not upgraded.
Need to get 6,448 B of archives.
After this operation, 34.5 MB disk space will be freed.
You are about to do something potentially harmful.
To continue type in the phrase 'Yes, do as I say!'
 ?] 'Yes, do as I say!'
Abort.

如何为我的 Groovy 来宾安装引导加载程序？

现在我会从游戏中下载一个小视频。所以我开始

alex@Guilmon:~/Videos$ sudo youtube-dl -U
ERROR: can't find the current version. Please try again later.
alex@Guilmon:~/Videos$ 

经过一番搜索，我发现了这个和这个

有替代方案吗？我目前的版本无法下载

alex@Guilmon:~/Videos$ youtube-dl --version
2020.09.14
alex@Guilmon:~/Videos$ 

示例来自

modinfo i915 | fgrep parm
force_probe:Force probe the driver for specified devices. See                               
CONFIG_DRM_I915_FORCE_PROBE for details. (charp) 

什么意思（charp）？真/假或一些Nr。或者是其他东西？

grep CONFIG_DRM_I915_FORCE_PROBE /boot/config-5.4.0-47-generic 
CONFIG_DRM_I915_FORCE_PROBE=""

对我什么都没说。

我会在 lubuntu 20.04 中尝试使用mpv_thumbnail_script 我的配置来制作这个脚本

cat .config/mpv/lua-settings/mpv_thumbnail_script.conf 
#Für Vorschaubildchein in mpv
cache_directory=/home/alex/mpv/my_mpv_thumbnails
autogenerate=yes
prefer_mpv=yes
mpv_no_sub=yes
disable_keybinds=yes
thumbnail_width=200
thumbnail_height=200
thumbnail_network=no
thumbnail_count=150
min_delta=5
max_delta=90

我的mpv配置

cat .config/mpv/config
#hwdec=vdpau
#vo=vdpau
fullscreen
sub-scale=1
osc=no

但是当我启动 mpv 时，缩略图是黑色的。

从终端开始

mpv jd2/downloads/Aang\ \&\ Tenzin\ -\ Clip_\ Avatar\ The\ Legend\ of\ Korra/Aang\ \&\ Tenzin\ -\ Clip_\ Avatar\ The\ Legend\ of\ Korra\ \(360p\).mp4 
[mpv_thumbnail_script_server] lua-settings/ is deprecated, use directory script-opts/ 
[mpv_thumbnail_script_client_osc] lua-settings/ is deprecated, use directory script-opts/ 
 (+) Video --vid=1 (*) (h264 624x352 24.000fps)
 (+) Audio --aid=1 --alang=eng (*) (aac 2ch 44100Hz)
[vaapi] libva: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/dri/iHD_drv_video.so init failed
Using hardware decoding (vaapi).
AO: [pulse] 44100Hz stereo 2ch float
VO: [gpu] 624x352 vaapi[nv12]
AV: 00:00:00 / 00:01:29 (0%) A-V:  0.000
[mpv_thumbnail_script_client_osc] The 'tick' event is deprecated and will be removed.
AV: 00:00:00 / 00:01:29 (0%) A-V:  0.000
[mpv_thumbnail_script_server] Thumbnailing command failed! 
[mpv_thumbnail_script_server] mpv process error: nil 
[mpv_thumbnail_script_server] Process stdout:  
[mpv_thumbnail_script_server] Debug log: /home/alex/mpv/my_mpv_thumbnails/Aang  Tenzin - Clip_ Avatar The Legend of Korra 360p-3829920/000000.bgra.log 
[mpv_thumbnail_script_server] Output file missing! /home/alex/mpv/my_mpv_thumbnails/Aang  Tenzin - Clip_ Avatar The Legend of Korra 360p-3829920/000000.bgra 
(Paused) AV: 00:01:29 / 00:01:29 (100%) A-V:  0.000


Exiting... (End of file) # here dies mpv
[mpv_thumbnail_script_client_osc] 
[mpv_thumbnail_script_client_osc] stack traceback:
[mpv_thumbnail_script_client_osc]       .../.config/mpv/scripts/mpv_thumbnail_script_client_osc.lua:1080: in function 'prop'
[mpv_thumbnail_script_client_osc]       mp.defaults:392: in function 'handler'
[mpv_thumbnail_script_client_osc]       mp.defaults:486: in function 'call_event_handlers'
[mpv_thumbnail_script_client_osc]       mp.defaults:520: in function 'dispatch_events'                                                                     
[mpv_thumbnail_script_client_osc]       mp.defaults:479: in function <mp.defaults:478>                                                                     
[mpv_thumbnail_script_client_osc]       [C]: in ?                                                                                                          
[mpv_thumbnail_script_client_osc]       [C]: in ?                                                                                                          
[mpv_thumbnail_script_client_osc] Lua error: .../.config/mpv/scripts/mpv_thumbnail_script_client_osc.lua:1080: attempt to compare nil with number 

我不确定，如果我犯了错误，或者脚本本身有问题。

日志文件

注意：我不会写脚本。我发现了这个问题并按照答案中的链接进行操作，但我不知道我必须做什么。

我正在运行 lubuntu 20.04（从 19.04-->19.10 升级）我的网络连接最多的时间是来自邻居的来宾帐户。信号有时很弱，我失去了连接；然后通知守护进程给了我一个气泡。当我看视频时，这很烦人。我将尝试通过排除 nm-tray 和 NetworkManger

lxqt-config-notificationd

并在文件中

$HOME/.config/lxqt/notifications.conf

但我不知道如何使它正确。

这是在我从 gui 前端尝试之后。

cat .config/lxqt/notifications.conf 
[General]
__userfile__=true
blackList=nm-tray, "  NetworkManager"
server_decides=5
spacing=6
unattendedMaxNum=10
width=300

它看起来我错了。

注意：升级到 lubuntu 20.04 后。我将配置更改为

cat .config/lxqt/notifications.conf 
[General]
__userfile__=true
blackList=nm-tray, NetworkManager
placement=top-right
server_decides=5
spacing=6
unattendedMaxNum=10
width=300

在我的

# dmidecode 3.2
Getting SMBIOS data from sysfs.
SMBIOS 2.7 present.

Handle 0x000E, DMI type 1, 27 bytes
System Information
        Manufacturer: LENOVO
        Product Name: 2350B58
        Version: ThinkPad T430
        Serial Number: PBVVBLH
        UUID: cdcb8a01-5190-11cb-9490-98976e1f3194
        Wake-up Type: Power Switch
        SKU Number: LENOVO_MT_2350
        Family: ThinkPad T430

是一个内置摄像头，但我在 /dev 中有两个设备节点。

ls -ltrh /dev/video*
crw-rw----+ 1 root video 81, 1 Apr 25 08:23 /dev/video1
crw-rw----+ 1 root video 81, 0 Apr 25 08:23 /dev/video0

质量低。

lsusb | grep camera
Bus 001 Device 006: ID 04f2:b2db Chicony Electronics Co., Ltd Thinkpad T430 camera

udevadmin 测试

运行内核

 uname -r   5.3.0-46-generic 

我的系统是从 ubuntu 19.04 升级而来的。

如何过滤可以重新配置的包

sudo dpkg-reconfigure packagename

示例：exim4 grub-pc libdvd-pkg aso

这可能结束吗

debconf-get-selections 

我希望这不是重复的问题。

我正在使用带有 displaymanager sddm 的 lubuntu 迪斯科

cat /etc/X11/default-display-manager 
/usr/bin/sddm

在我的系统上有 2 个用户，一个是主要用户，一个是测试帐户。我会尝试在 sddm 中隐藏测试用户。

cat /etc/sddm.conf 
[Autologin] #original entry
Session=Lubuntu #also original entry
[users]
RememberLastUser=true
HideUsers=testie
[Theme]
EnableAvatars=true
FacesDir=/usr/share/sddm/faces

当我在测试模式下启动 sddm-greeter 时，用户仍然存在。

sddm-greeter --test-mode
[13:54:22.459] (II) GREETER: High-DPI autoscaling not Enabled
[13:54:22.491] (II) GREETER: Reading from "/usr/share/xsessions/Lubuntu.desktop"
[13:54:22.491] (II) GREETER: Reading from "/usr/share/xsessions/lxqt.desktop"
[13:54:22.491] (II) GREETER: Reading from "/usr/share/xsessions/openbox.desktop"
[13:54:22.494] (II) GREETER: Loading theme configuration from "qrc:/theme/theme.conf"
[13:54:22.498] (EE) GREETER: Socket error:  "QLocalSocket::connectToServer: Invalid name"
[13:54:22.522] (II) GREETER: Loading qrc:/theme/Main.qml...
[13:54:22.609] (II) GREETER: Adding view for "LVDS1" QRect(0,0 1600x900)

其他更改（如主用户自己的头像）正在显示。

我将 disco-proposed 包含在我的来源中。它以优先级 200 固定。

root@Guilmon:~# apt-cache policy | grep prop
 200 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu disco-proposed/universe amd64 Packages
     release v=19.04,o=Ubuntu,a=disco-proposed,n=disco,l=Ubuntu,c=universe,b=amd64
 200 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu disco-proposed/restricted amd64 Packages
     release v=19.04,o=Ubuntu,a=disco-proposed,n=disco,l=Ubuntu,c=restricted,b=amd64
 200 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu disco-proposed/main amd64 Packages
     release v=19.04,o=Ubuntu,a=disco-proposed,n=disco,l=Ubuntu,c=main,b=amd64
root@Guilmon:~# 

尝试从那里升级 linux-generic。

root@Guilmon:~# LANG=C
root@Guilmon:~# apt upgrade -t disco-proposed linux-generic
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  linux-headers-5.0.0-38 linux-headers-5.0.0-38-generic linux-image-5.0.0-38-generic linux-modules-5.0.0-38-generic linux-modules-extra-5.0.0-38-generic
The following packages will be upgraded:
  apport apt apt-utils dpkg dpkg-dev gir1.2-nm-1.0 libapt-inst2.0 libapt-pkg5.0 libdpkg-perl libglib2.0-0 libglib2.0-bin libglib2.0-data libglib2.0-dev
  libglib2.0-dev-bin libnm-dev libnm0 libsnapd-glib1 linux-generic linux-headers-generic linux-image-generic linux-libc-dev linux-signed-generic login
  network-manager passwd python3-apport python3-problem-report rsyslog thunderbird thunderbird-locale-de
30 upgraded, 5 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 122 MB of archives.
After this operation, 337 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] 

再试一次，

root@Guilmon:~# apt --dry-run install --reinstall linux-generic=5.0.0.38.40
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 linux-generic : Depends: linux-image-generic (= 5.0.0.38.40) but 5.0.0.37.39 is to be installed
                 Depends: linux-headers-generic (= 5.0.0.38.40) but 5.0.0.37.39 is to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.
root@Guilmon:~# 

我认为这与我的 apt-pining 有关。

还有一个

root@Guilmon:~# apt --dry-run  -t disco-proposed install linux-generic linux-image-generic linux-headers-generic
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
  linux-headers-5.0.0-38 linux-headers-5.0.0-38-generic linux-image-5.0.0-38-generic linux-modules-5.0.0-38-generic linux-modules-extra-5.0.0-38-generic
Suggested packages:
  fdutils linux-doc-5.0.0 | linux-source-5.0.0 linux-tools
Recommended packages:
  thermald
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  linux-headers-5.0.0-38 linux-headers-5.0.0-38-generic linux-image-5.0.0-38-generic linux-modules-5.0.0-38-generic linux-modules-extra-5.0.0-38-generic
The following packages will be upgraded:
  linux-generic linux-headers-generic linux-image-generic
3 upgraded, 5 newly installed, 0 to remove and 27 not upgraded.
Inst linux-modules-5.0.0-38-generic (5.0.0-38.41 Ubuntu:19.04/disco-proposed [amd64])
Inst linux-image-5.0.0-38-generic (5.0.0-38.41 Ubuntu:19.04/disco-proposed [amd64])
Inst linux-modules-extra-5.0.0-38-generic (5.0.0-38.41 Ubuntu:19.04/disco-proposed [amd64])
Inst linux-generic [5.0.0.37.39] (5.0.0.38.40 Ubuntu:19.04/disco-proposed [amd64]) []
Inst linux-image-generic [5.0.0.37.39] (5.0.0.38.40 Ubuntu:19.04/disco-proposed [amd64]) []
Inst linux-headers-5.0.0-38 (5.0.0-38.41 Ubuntu:19.04/disco-proposed [all]) []
Inst linux-headers-5.0.0-38-generic (5.0.0-38.41 Ubuntu:19.04/disco-proposed [amd64]) []
Inst linux-headers-generic [5.0.0.37.39] (5.0.0.38.40 Ubuntu:19.04/disco-proposed [amd64])
Conf linux-modules-5.0.0-38-generic (5.0.0-38.41 Ubuntu:19.04/disco-proposed [amd64])
Conf linux-image-5.0.0-38-generic (5.0.0-38.41 Ubuntu:19.04/disco-proposed [amd64])
Conf linux-modules-extra-5.0.0-38-generic (5.0.0-38.41 Ubuntu:19.04/disco-proposed [amd64])
Conf linux-generic (5.0.0.38.40 Ubuntu:19.04/disco-proposed [amd64])
Conf linux-image-generic (5.0.0.38.40 Ubuntu:19.04/disco-proposed [amd64])
Conf linux-headers-5.0.0-38 (5.0.0-38.41 Ubuntu:19.04/disco-proposed [all])
Conf linux-headers-5.0.0-38-generic (5.0.0-38.41 Ubuntu:19.04/disco-proposed [amd64])
Conf linux-headers-generic (5.0.0.38.40 Ubuntu:19.04/disco-proposed [amd64])
root@Guilmon:~# 

27 未升级。

root@Guilmon:~# sudo apt update 
Hit:1 http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu disco InRelease
Hit:2 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu disco InRelease                     
Get:3 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu disco-updates InRelease [97,5 kB]   
Get:4 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu disco-security InRelease [97,5 kB]
Get:5 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu disco-backports InRelease [88,8 kB]
Get:6 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu disco-proposed InRelease [255 kB]
Fetched 539 kB in 1s (552 kB/s)                                      
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
All packages are up to date.
root@Guilmon:~# 

好的，我知道这是提议的，通常我可以处理它。但是我没有看到 linux-image 和 Thunderbird 以及其他软件包之间的联系。

请注意，这是全新安装的 ubuntu disco。没有ppa。没有按扣/扁平包装。

感谢阅读和圣诞快乐

我想在 ubuntu disco 中使用 smartctl 测试 USB 硬盘。

alex@Guilmon:~$ LANG=C
alex@Guilmon:~$ sudo smartctl -d usbjmicron --all /dev/sdc
smartctl 6.6 2017-11-05 r4594 [x86_64-linux-5.0.0-36-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-17, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

Read Device Identity failed: empty IDENTIFY data

A mandatory SMART command failed: exiting. To continue, add one or more '-T permissive' options

我从smartmontools.org/wiki/获得的选项 -d usbjmicron

lsusb | grep -i micron
Bus 003 Device 002: ID 152d:2329 JMicron Technology Corp. / JMicron USA Technology Corp. JM20329 SATA Bridge

smartctl --scan 也显示了它

sudo smartctl --scan
/dev/sda -d scsi # /dev/sda, SCSI device
/dev/sdb -d scsi # /dev/sdb, SCSI device
/dev/sdc -d usbjmicron # /dev/sdc [USB JMicron], ATA device

一段时间后，fdisk 和 parted 挂起。

Nov 27 16:35:16 Guilmon kernel: sd 6:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE
Nov 27 16:35:16 Guilmon kernel: sd 6:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 Sense Key : Unit Attention [current] 
Nov 27 16:35:16 Guilmon kernel: sd 6:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 Add. Sense: Not ready to ready change, medium may have changed
Nov 27 16:35:16 Guilmon kernel: sd 6:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 08 00
Nov 27 16:35:16 Guilmon kernel: print_req_error: I/O error, dev sdc, sector 0 flags 0
Nov 27 16:35:16 Guilmon kernel: Buffer I/O error on dev sdc, logical block 0, async page read
Nov 27 16:36:30 Guilmon sudo[14829]:     alex : TTY=pts/0 ; PWD=/home/alex ; USER=root ; COMMAND=/usr/sbin/fdisk -l /dev/sdc
Nov 27 16:38:17 Guilmon kernel: sd 6:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE
Nov 27 16:38:17 Guilmon kernel: sd 6:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 Sense Key : Unit Attention [current] 
Nov 27 16:38:17 Guilmon kernel: sd 6:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 Add. Sense: Not ready to ready change, medium may have changed
Nov 27 16:38:17 Guilmon kernel: sd 6:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 03 8a 47 80 00 00 08 00
Nov 27 16:38:17 Guilmon kernel: print_req_error: I/O error, dev sdc, sector 59393920 flags 80700
Nov 27 16:41:18 Guilmon kernel: sd 6:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE
Nov 27 16:41:18 Guilmon kernel: sd 6:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 Sense Key : Unit Attention [current] 
Nov 27 16:41:18 Guilmon kernel: sd 6:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 Add. Sense: Not ready to ready change, medium may have changed
Nov 27 16:41:18 Guilmon kernel: sd 6:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 03 8a 4f fe 00 00 02 00
Nov 27 16:41:18 Guilmon kernel: print_req_error: I/O error, dev sdc, sector 59396094 flags 80700
Nov 27 16:44:20 Guilmon kernel: sd 6:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE
Nov 27 16:44:20 Guilmon kernel: sd 6:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 Sense Key : Unit Attention [current] 
Nov 27 16:44:20 Guilmon kernel: sd 6:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 Add. Sense: Not ready to ready change, medium may have changed
Nov 27 16:44:20 Guilmon kernel: sd 6:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 08 00
Nov 27 16:44:20 Guilmon kernel: print_req_error: I/O error, dev sdc, sector 0 flags 0
Nov 27 16:44:20 Guilmon kernel: Buffer I/O error on dev sdc, logical block 0, async page read

文件系统

sudo lsblk -f | grep sdc
sdc                                                                           
├─sdc1 ext4   bionic      8cc02316-1cd7-4f54-bd1a-c3f174e55251  #my bionic installation              
├─sdc2 swap               f923fdf9-3416-420d-898c-e481c82a757b                
├─sdc3                                                                        
└─sdc5 ext4   bionic-home f7217969-9cde-4eff-940b-761ebb06189b #old debian home       

文件系统检查

sudo fsck.ext4 /dev/sdc1
[sudo] password for alex: 
e2fsck 1.44.6 (5-Mar-2019)
bionic: recovering journal
bionic: clean, 373117/1602496 files, 2540186/6400000 blocks
alex@Guilmon:~$ sudo fsck.ext4 /dev/sdc5
e2fsck 1.44.6 (5-Mar-2019)
bionic-home: clean, 161503/28672000 files, 102109567/114672128 blocks

当我插入硬盘驱动器时，它安装得很好。但是昨天我的文件管理器在我搜索它的数据时挂了。

在我用更大的硬盘更换之前，硬盘已经过测试，并且不经常使用。我怎样才能检查这个硬盘。我尝试了几种电缆。我只有一个机箱。

注意我可以在上面启动我的仿生，没有任何问题。

很抱歉有很多文字。

现在我得到 fdisk 输出

sudo fdisk -l /dev/sdc
Disk /dev/sdc: 465,8 GiB, 500107862016 bytes, 976773168 sectors
Disk model: IB-272StU-OT    
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000e2cd8

Device     Boot    Start       End   Sectors   Size Id Type
/dev/sdc1           2048  51202047  51200000  24,4G 83 Linux
/dev/sdc2       51202048  59394047   8192000   3,9G 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sdc3       59396094 976773119 917377026 437,5G  5 Extended
/dev/sdc5       59396096 976773119 917377024 437,5G 83 Linux

在 ubuntu disco 中，无法通过 exim4 接收任何邮件。通常情况下，我会收到来自 aptlist-cachnges 的电子邮件。

2019-11-05 17:42:24 1iS0af-0001oH-B2 Message is frozen
2019-11-05 17:42:24 1iS1Je-0002HV-Lj == alex@guilmon R=local_user T=mail_spool defer (-52): Retry time not yet reached
2019-11-05 17:42:24 1iS165-0001ya-O5 Message is frozen
2019-11-05 17:42:24 1iRzKT-0003zY-4h == alex@guilmon R=local_user T=mail_spool defer (-52): Retry time not yet reached
2019-11-05 17:42:24 1iS1Du-000211-4c == alex@guilmon R=local_user T=mail_spool defer (-52): Retry time not yet reached
2019-11-05 17:42:24 1iS11A-0001vD-Ao Message is frozen
2019-11-05 17:42:24 End queue run: pid=1264

和

strings /var/spool/exim4/db/retry
mailbox /var/mail/alex has too many links (2)
T:alex@guilmon

Exim ist 配置为仅用于本地交付。我以前从未见过这样的错误。

尝试消除冻结的邮件exim 错误

我不知道错误到底在哪里。

注意 ipv6 被禁用。

netstat -tulpen | grep exim4
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:25            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      0          29826      1261/exim4