apt 包管理器向我展示了 Node.js 的旧版本：
sudo apt list nodejs
nodejs/noble 18.19.1+dfsg-6ubuntu5 amd6
Node.js 的当前 LTS 版本是v20.17.0。我找到了两种安装方法。第一种是使用nvm (Node 版本管理器)，第二种是基于Debian 和 Ubuntu 的 Linux 发行版> NodeSource。
这里使用哪种变体有关系吗？或者两种变体中的一种有优点或缺点吗？
我试图按照 lutris 的 apt 说明进行操作，但它们显然只适用于 debian，而我搞乱了 ubuntu 的 apt 密钥，所以其他任何东西都无法更新
我使用了以下命令
echo "deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/lutris.gpg] https://download.opensuse.org/repositories/home:/strycore/Debian_12/ ./" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/lutris.list > /dev/null
echo "deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/lutris.gpg] https://download.opensuse.org/repositories/home:/strycore/Debian_12/ ./" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/lutris.list > /dev/null
sudo apt update
我收到的错误是
Get:1 http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble InRelease [256 kB]
Get:2 https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu noble InRelease [48.8 kB]
0% [Waiting for headers] [Connecting to security.ubuntu.com (91.189.91.82)]/usr/bin/apt-key: 95: cannot create /dev/null: Permission denied
/usr/bin/apt-key: 95: cannot create /dev/null: Permission denied
/usr/bin/apt-key: 95: cannot create /dev/null: Permission denied
E: gpgv, gpgv2 or gpgv1 required for verification, but neither seems installed
Err:2 https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu noble InRelease
gpgv, gpgv2 or gpgv1 required for verification, but neither seems installed
Get:3 http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates InRelease [126 kB]
0% [Waiting for headers] [Connecting to security.ubuntu.com (91.189.91.82)]/usr/bin/apt-key: 95: cannot create /dev/null: Permission denied
/usr/bin/apt-key: 95: cannot create /dev/null: Permission denied
/usr/bin/apt-key: 95: cannot create /dev/null: Permission denied
E: gpgv, gpgv2 or gpgv1 required for verification, but neither seems installed
Err:1 http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble InRelease
gpgv, gpgv2 or gpgv1 required for verification, but neither seems installed
Get:4 http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-backports InRelease [126 kB]
Get:5 https://ppa.launchpadcontent.net/maveonair/helix-editor/ubuntu noble InRelease [17.8 kB]
0% [Connecting to security.ubuntu.com (91.189.91.82)]/usr/bin/apt-key: 95: cannot create /dev/null: Permission denied
/usr/bin/apt-key: 95: cannot create /dev/null: Permission denied
/usr/bin/apt-key: 95: cannot create /dev/null: Permission denied
E: gpgv, gpgv2 or gpgv1 required for verification, but neither seems installed
Err:3 http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates InRelease
gpgv, gpgv2 or gpgv1 required for verification, but neither seems installed
Get:6 https://ppa.launchpadcontent.net/mozillacorp/mozillavpn/ubuntu noble InRelease [17.8 kB]
0% [Connecting to security.ubuntu.com (91.189.91.82)]/usr/bin/apt-key: 95: cannot create /dev/null: Permission denied
/usr/bin/apt-key: 95: cannot create /dev/null: Permission denied
/usr/bin/apt-key: 95: cannot create /dev/null: Permission denied
E: gpgv, gpgv2 or gpgv1 required for verification, but neither seems installed
Err:4 http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-backports InRelease
gpgv, gpgv2 or gpgv1 required for verification, but neither seems installed
0% [Waiting for headers]/usr/bin/apt-key: 95: cannot create /dev/null: Permission denied
/usr/bin/apt-key: 95: cannot create /dev/null: Permission denied
/usr/bin/apt-key: 95: cannot create /dev/null: Permission denied
E: gpgv, gpgv2 or gpgv1 required for verification, but neither seems installed
Err:5 https://ppa.launchpadcontent.net/maveonair/helix-editor/ubuntu noble InRelease
gpgv, gpgv2 or gpgv1 required for verification, but neither seems installed
0% [Waiting for headers]/usr/bin/apt-key: 95: cannot create /dev/null: Permission denied
/usr/bin/apt-key: 95: cannot create /dev/null: Permission denied
/usr/bin/apt-key: 95: cannot create /dev/null: Permission denied
E: gpgv, gpgv2 or gpgv1 required for verification, but neither seems installed
Err:6 https://ppa.launchpadcontent.net/mozillacorp/mozillavpn/ubuntu noble InRelease
gpgv, gpgv2 or gpgv1 required for verification, but neither seems installed
Get:7 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-security InRelease [126 kB]
0% [Working]/usr/bin/apt-key: 95: cannot create /dev/null: Permission denied
/usr/bin/apt-key: 95: cannot create /dev/null: Permission denied
/usr/bin/apt-key: 95: cannot create /dev/null: Permission denied
E: gpgv, gpgv2 or gpgv1 required for verification, but neither seems installed
Err:7 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-security InRelease
gpgv, gpgv2 or gpgv1 required for verification, but neither seems installed
Reading package lists... Done
W: GPG error: https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu noble InRelease: gpgv, gpgv2 or gpgv1 required for verification, but neither seems installed
E: The repository 'https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu noble InRelease' is not signed.
N: Updating from such a repository can't be done securely, and is therefore disabled by default.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.
W: GPG error: http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble InRelease: gpgv, gpgv2 or gpgv1 required for verification, but neither seems installed
E: The repository 'http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble InRelease' is not signed.
N: Updating from such a repository can't be done securely, and is therefore disabled by default.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.
W: GPG error: http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates InRelease: gpgv, gpgv2 or gpgv1 required for verification, but neither seems installed
E: The repository 'http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates InRelease' is not signed.
N: Updating from such a repository can't be done securely, and is therefore disabled by default.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.
W: GPG error: http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-backports InRelease: gpgv, gpgv2 or gpgv1 required for verification, but neither seems installed
E: The repository 'http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-backports InRelease' is not signed.
N: Updating from such a repository can't be done securely, and is therefore disabled by default.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.
W: GPG error: https://ppa.launchpadcontent.net/maveonair/helix-editor/ubuntu noble InRelease: gpgv, gpgv2 or gpgv1 required for verification, but neither seems installed
E: The repository 'https://ppa.launchpadcontent.net/maveonair/helix-editor/ubuntu noble InRelease' is not signed.
N: Updating from such a repository can't be done securely, and is therefore disabled by default.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.
W: GPG error: https://ppa.launchpadcontent.net/mozillacorp/mozillavpn/ubuntu noble InRelease: gpgv, gpgv2 or gpgv1 required for verification, but neither seems installed
E: The repository 'https://ppa.launchpadcontent.net/mozillacorp/mozillavpn/ubuntu noble InRelease' is not signed.
N: Updating from such a repository can't be done securely, and is therefore disabled by default.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.
W: GPG error: http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-security InRelease: gpgv, gpgv2 or gpgv1 required for verification, but neither seems installed
E: The repository 'http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-security InRelease' is not signed.
N: Updating from such a repository can't be done securely, and is therefore disabled by default.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.
我尝试了以下方法来修复它，但没有效果，所以我撤消了它
sudo cp -a /var/lib/apt/lists /tmp
sudo rm -r /var/lib/apt/lists/*
有没有办法为 apt 重新生成所需的 gpg 密钥？
编辑：回复@organic-marble如下：
这是来自history
6413 hx
6414 top # end of last session
6415 echo "deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/lutris.gpg] https://download.opensuse.org/repositories/home:/strycore/Debian_12/ ./" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/lutris.list > /dev/null
6416 sudo apt update # this is where the error first occurred
6417 ll /etc/apt/sources.list.d/
6418 sudo rm /etc/apt/sources.list.d/lutris.list
6419 sudo hx /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu.sources
6420 sudo apt update
6421 sudo apt install gpgv
6422 sudo apt install gpg
6423 sudo apt update
6424 cat /etc/apt/sources.list
6425 cat /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu.sources
...
我检查/dev/null了以下内容，但可能没有定论
sudo cat test.txt > /dev/null
以下是@steeldriver 的请求
➜ ~ ls -l /dev/null
crw-rw----+ 1 root plugdev 1, 3 Aug 31 15:13 /dev/null
➜ ~ findmnt -T /dev/null
TARGET
SOURCE
FSTYPE OPTIONS
/dev udev devtmpfs rw,nosuid,relatime,size=32815052k,nr_inodes=8203763,mode=755,inode64
好吧，我认为标题已经足够直白了——我想在 Ubuntu 上安装 Gleam（编程语言）。
我查看了官方文档，但似乎找不到任何有用的东西。
也许我必须先安装 brew 之类的东西，然后再安装 gleam，因为我尝试使用 apt 失败了。
希望有人能帮忙。
命令apt-get install libgnutls30会在控制台中打印“注意，选择‘libgnutls30t64’而不是‘libgnutls30’”。如果 stdout 和 stderr 重定向到文件，则不会出现在任何文件中。strace似乎表明在这种情况下它会重定向到 /dev/null。
有没有办法将该消息捕获到文件中？
今天打开 signal桌面时，我看到了这样的消息：“此版本的 Signal Desktop 已过期。请升级到最新版本才能继续发送消息。”如果我尝试发送消息（并且消息未发送），该消息会再次出现。
我正在使用 Ubuntu 24.04，signal-desktop 的版本是 7.9.0。signal-desktop 是通过 APT 安装的，所有软件包都是最新的。
我尝试运行sudo apt-get install --reinstall signal-desktop。结果出现这样的信息：“无法重新安装 signal桌面，无法下载。”。
Ubuntu 对 Signal Desktop 的 APT 支持是否结束了？
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
libclang-cpp14t64 libllvm14t64 libllvmspirvlib14 libopencl-clang14
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
Get more security updates through Ubuntu Pro with 'esm-apps' enabled:
libcjson1 libavdevice60 ffmpeg libpostproc57 libavcodec60 libavutil58
libswscale7 libswresample4 libavformat60 libavfilter9
Learn more about Ubuntu Pro at https://ubuntu.com/pro
The following packages will be upgraded:
libigdfcl1
1 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 0 B/34.4 MB of archives.
After this operation, 118 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
debconf: unable to initialize frontend: Dialog
debconf: (No usable dialog-like program is installed, so the dialog based frontend cannot be used. at /usr/share/perl5/Debconf/FrontEnd/Dialog.pm line 79, <STDIN> line 1.)
debconf: falling back to frontend: Readline
(Reading database ... 125127 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../libigdfcl1_1.0.16900.24-914~22.04_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libigdfcl1 (1.0.16900.24-914~22.04) over (1.0.15468.25-2build1) ...
dpkg: error processing archive /var/cache/apt/archives/libigdfcl1_1.0.16900.24-914~22.04_amd64.deb (--unpack):
trying to overwrite '/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencl-clang.so.14', which is also in package libopencl-clang14:amd64 14.0.0-4build2
Errors were encountered while processing:
/var/cache/apt/archives/libigdfcl1_1.0.16900.24-914~22.04_amd64.deb
needrestart is being skipped since dpkg has failed
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
我尝试 apt upgrade 并收到 dpkg 错误。我不确定发生了什么。我对内核进行了 apt-mark hold，因为最新内核破坏了英特尔 arc gpu 编码。所以我落后了一个内核修订版。我想知道这是否与升级失败有关？
这不仅发生在 gettext 上。有很多包我无法安装。它给了我这个错误：
sudo apt install gettext
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
Package gettext is not available, but is referred to by another package.
This may mean that the package is missing, has been obsoleted, or
is only available from another source
E: Package 'gettext' has no installation candidate
但是，这个软件包显然适用于我的发行版 Ubuntu 22.04。我已经运行过了sudo apt update，但问题并没有解决。
此外，我的/etc/apt/sources.list看起来很好。
cat /etc/apt/sources.list
# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 22.04.3 LTS _Jammy Jellyfish_ - Release amd64 (20230807.2)]/ jammy main restricted
# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy restricted
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted
## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates restricted
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy universe
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy universe
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates universe
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates universe
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy multiverse
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy multiverse
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates multiverse
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates multiverse
## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security restricted
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security main restricted
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security universe
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security universe
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security multiverse
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security multiverse
# This system was installed using small removable media
# (e.g. netinst, live or single CD). The matching "deb cdrom"
# entries were disabled at the end of the installation process.
# For information about how to configure apt package sources,
# see the sources.list(5) manual.
我的系统：
uname -a
Linux queenie 6.5.0-21-generic #21~22.04.1-Ubuntu SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Fri Feb 9 13:32:52 UTC 2 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
我已经openconnect通过以下方式安装：
sudo apt install openconnect
然后我这样调用它：
echo MyPassword | openconnect --pfs mydomain.com:8442 -u MyUsername
但会出现以下错误：
openconnect：符号查找错误：/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libxmlsec1.so.1：未定义符号：xmlIOFTPRead，版本 LIBXML2_2.4.30
有人知道为什么会发生这种情况吗？
有关的
可能相关：https://bugs.archlinux.org/task/75721
另外，相关内容：https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi? id=2139849
也许这可以解决我的问题：https://askubuntu.com/a/532234/507217
我收到此错误；这里（不，我无法复制文本并嵌入以遵守论坛的规则，抱歉）链接到此命令（或涉及apt-get帮助命令之外的操作的任何内容）。
An error occurred, please run Package Manager from the right-click menu
or apt-get in a terminal to see what is wrong.
The error message was:
'Error: Opening the cache (E:Conflicting values set for option Signed-By regarding source
https:// mirror.mwt.me/shiftkey-desktop/deb/any:/ usr/share/keyrings/mwt-desktop.gpg != /etc/ apt/keyrings/shiftkey-desktop.asc,
E:The list of sources could not be read.)'.
This usually means that your installed packages have unmet dependencies.
loki@compooter:~$ sudo apt-get check
[sudo] password for loki:
E: Conflicting values set for option Signed-By regarding source https://mirror.mwt.me/shiftkey-desktop/deb/ any: /usr/share/keyrings/mwt-desktop.gpg != /etc/apt/keyrings/shiftkey-desktop.asc
E: The list of sources could not be read.
github-desktop这是由于尝试使用本指南为 Ubuntu安装而导致的。我已经尝试了以下资源，例如这个。
有人能帮我解决这个错误吗？我不需要安装这个软件，但是如果您能回答为什么会导致这个错误以及如何启动和运行这个软件，我会比现在更加感激（请记住，尝试安装它也导致我的系统出现一些软锁，这可能与其他因素有关，所以我没有提到这一点，但这可能是需要考虑的事情）。
如果没有的话，我会尝试自己解决。
我尝试安装，libwxgtk3.0-gtk3-dev因为有些应用程序需要它。但是我一直收到错误消息。不过我确实尝试添加存储库sudo add-apt-repository ppa:wxwidgets/libwxgtk3.0-gtk3 。我正在使用Ubuntu 24.04
sudo apt install build-essential libgtk-3-dev libwxgtk3.0-gtk3-dev
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
E: Unable to locate package libwxgtk3.0-gtk3-dev
E: Couldn't find any package by glob 'libwxgtk3.0-gtk3-dev'