我最近在一台相当老的 Asus-K56CM 笔记本电脑上安装了 Ubuntu 24.04（基本版，无特色），该笔记本电脑装有 Windows 10（最初为 8），处理器为 Intel Core i5-3317U @ 1.70GHz RAM 6 GB。
我按照此处的指南使用了带有图像的 USB 驱动器：
https://ubuntu.com/tutorials/install-ubuntu-desktop#1-overview
最初唯一的选项是“手动安装”，所以我选择了手动分区。安装完成后重启时，只有一个灰色屏幕，上面写着“重新启动并选择正确的启动设备”。如果我进入BIOS，不知何故除了DVD读取器之外没有其他启动选项。
BIOS 设置：
没有 BitLocker，并且安全启动已禁用。该机器不使用 UEFI。
我尝试了很多方法，包括更改分区配置、使用 GParted 和启动恢复，但都无济于事。我最后一次尝试安装：使用“擦除磁盘并安装 Ubuntu”，然后运行启动恢复。它返回的结果如下：https://paste.ubuntu.com/p/gc65vWYzFM/
============================= Boot Repair Summary ==============================
User choice:
Is there RAID on this computer? no
==================== blkid (filtered) before lvm activation ====================
/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv: UUID="21e4a4ac-1406-485c-9aa7-7ad38bde3982" BLOCK_SIZE="4096" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sda2: UUID="c9562c9e-14e2-4bd8-9297-b9af9d6f0caa" BLOCK_SIZE="4096" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="536b7359-0e53-4c51-b62a-9b79c176e922"
/dev/sdb1: BLOCK_SIZE="2048" UUID="2025-02-15-09-15-26-00" LABEL="Ubuntu 24.04.2 LTS amd64" TYPE="iso9660" PARTLABEL="ISO9660" PARTUUID="b0ef6ca3-60d1-4a21-98d8-17c385a8b6f8"
/dev/sdb4: LABEL="writable" UUID="5ea05c3f-fa80-47e0-92bc-d603d4e598ec" BLOCK_SIZE="4096" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="eba6f7e3-c69f-43fc-8c59-a173f0c8186a"
/dev/sdb2: SEC_TYPE="msdos" LABEL_FATBOOT="ESP" LABEL="ESP" UUID="B5A5-8010" BLOCK_SIZE="512" TYPE="vfat" PARTLABEL="Appended2" PARTUUID="b0ef6ca3-60d1-4a21-98db-17c385a8b6f8"
/dev/sda3: UUID="3fOHux-W0uD-OVaI-N34n-LX43-bN07-7bWeud" TYPE="LVM2_member" PARTUUID="19cb9cf0-3c59-44a5-9492-8468a123443e"
/dev/sdb3: PARTLABEL="Gap1" PARTUUID="b0ef6ca3-60d1-4a21-98da-17c385a8b6f8"
/dev/sda1: PARTUUID="8903a4d5-4e6f-4b5e-8e76-9f5c58edd3fa"
================================ LVM activation ================================
modprobe dm-mod
vgscan --mknodes
Found volume group "ubuntu-vg" using metadata type lvm2
vgchange -ay
1 logical volume(s) in volume group "ubuntu-vg" now active
lvscan
ACTIVE '/dev/ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv' [<929.51 GiB] inherit
blkid -g
[dmraid -sa -c] no
[dmraid -sa -c] raid
[dmraid -sa -c] disks
[dmraid -sa -c] no
[dmraid -sa -c] raid
[dmraid -sa -c] disks
=================== /boot detected. Please check the options.
Recommended repair: ____________________________________________________________
The default repair of the Boot-Repair utility will purge (in order to enable-lvm) and reinstall the grub2 of
mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv into the MBR of sda,
using the following options: sda2/boot
Grub-efi will not be selected by default because no ESP detected.
Additional repair will be performed: unhide-bootmenu-10s
/boot added in mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv/fstab
Mount /dev/sda2 on /mnt/boot-sav/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv/boot
chroot /mnt/boot-sav/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv apt-get -y update
Purge the GRUB of /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv
grub-pc available
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 1 reinstalled, 0 to remove and 90 not upgraded.
DEBCHECK debOK, grub-pc
DEBCHECK debOK
Please type: sudo chroot "/mnt/boot-sav/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv" dpkg --configure -ansudo chroot "/mnt/boot-sav/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv" apt-get install -fynsudo chroot "/mnt/boot-sav/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv" apt-get install -y lvm2nsudo chroot "/mnt/boot-sav/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv" apt-get purge --allow-remove-essential -y grub-com*nsudo chroot "/mnt/boot-sav/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv" apt-get purge --allow-remove-essential -y grub2-com*nsudo chroot "/mnt/boot-sav/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv" apt-get purge --allow-remove-essential -y shim-signednsudo chroot "/mnt/boot-sav/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv" apt-get purge --allow-remove-essential -y grub-common:*nsudo chroot "/mnt/boot-sav/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv" apt-get purge --allow-remove-essential -y grub2-common:*n
Then type: sudo chroot "/mnt/boot-sav/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv" apt-get install -y grub-pc
Unhide GRUB boot menu in mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv/etc/default/grub
========== Reinstall the grub-pc of /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv ==========
chroot /mnt/boot-sav/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv grub-install --version
grub-install (GRUB) 2.12-1ubuntu7.1
==> Reinstall the GRUB of /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv into the MBR of /dev/sda
chroot /mnt/boot-sav/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv grub-install /dev/sda
Installing for i386-pc platform.
Installation finished. No error reported.
chroot /mnt/boot-sav/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv update-grub
Sourcing file `/etc/default/grub'
File descriptor 63 (pipe:[135542]) leaked on vgs invocation. Parent PID 34738: /usr/sbin/grub-probe
File descriptor 63 (pipe:[135542]) leaked on vgs invocation. Parent PID 34738: /usr/sbin/grub-probe
File descriptor 63 (pipe:[135542]) leaked on vgs invocation. Parent PID 34742: /usr/sbin/grub-probe
File descriptor 63 (pipe:[135542]) leaked on vgs invocation. Parent PID 34742: /usr/sbin/grub-probe
File descriptor 63 (pipe:[135542]) leaked on vgs invocation. Parent PID 34745: /usr/sbin/grub-probe
File descriptor 63 (pipe:[135542]) leaked on vgs invocation. Parent PID 34745: /usr/sbin/grub-probe
File descriptor 63 (pipe:[135542]) leaked on vgs invocation. Parent PID 34749: /usr/sbin/grub-probe
File descriptor 63 (pipe:[135542]) leaked on vgs invocation. Parent PID 34749: /usr/sbin/grub-probe
File descriptor 63 (pipe:[135542]) leaked on vgs invocation. Parent PID 34783: /usr/sbin/grub-probe
File descriptor 63 (pipe:[135542]) leaked on vgs invocation. Parent PID 34783: /usr/sbin/grub-probe
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-6.11.0-21-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-6.11.0-21-generic
File descriptor 63 (pipe:[135542]) leaked on vgs invocation. Parent PID 34972: /usr/sbin/grub-probe
File descriptor 63 (pipe:[135542]) leaked on vgs invocation. Parent PID 34972: /usr/sbin/grub-probe
Adding boot menu entry for UEFI Firmware Settings ...
Boot successfully repaired.
You can now reboot your computer.
============================ Boot Info After Repair ============================
=> Grub2 (v2.00) is installed in the MBR of /dev/sda and looks at sector 2048
of the same hard drive for core.img. core.img is at this location and
looks for (,gpt2)/grub. It also embeds following components:
modules
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
fshelp ext2 part_gpt biosdisk
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
sda1: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: BIOS Boot partition
Boot sector type: Grub2's core.img
Boot sector info:
sda2: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: ext4
Boot sector type: -
Boot sector info:
Operating System:
Boot files: /grub/grub.cfg /grub/i386-pc/core.img
sda3: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: LVM2_member
Boot sector type: -
Boot sector info:
sdb: ___________________________________________________________________________
File system: iso9660
Boot sector type: Grub2 (v1.99-2.00)
Boot sector info: Grub2 (v1.99-2.00) is installed in the boot sector of
sdb and looks at sector 0 of the same hard drive for
core.img, but core.img can not be found at this
location.
Mounting failed: mount: /mnt/BootInfo/FD/sdb: /dev/sdb already mounted or mount point busy.
dmesg(1) may have more information after failed mount system call.
================================ 1 OS detected =================================
OS#1 (linux): Ubuntu 24.04.2 LTS on mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv
================================ Host/Hardware =================================
CPU architecture: 64-bit
Video: GF108M [GeForce GT 635M] 3rd Gen Core processor Graphics Controller from NVIDIA Corporation Intel Corporation
Live-session OS is Ubuntu 64-bit (Ubuntu 24.04.2 LTS, noble, x86_64)
===================================== UEFI =====================================
BIOS/UEFI firmware: K56CM.206(4.6) from American Megatrends Inc.
This live-session is in Legacy/BIOS/CSM mode (not in EFI mode).
============================= Drive/Partition Info =============================
Disks info: ____________________________________________________________________
sda : is-GPT, hasBIOSboot, has-noESP, not-usb, not-mmc, has-os, no-wind, 2048 sectors * 512 bytes
Partitions info (1/3): _________________________________________________________
mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv : is-os, 64, apt-get, grub-pc , grub2, grub-install, no-grubenv, update-grub, not-far
sda2 : no-os, 64, nopakmgr, no-docgrub, nogrub, nogrubinstall, grubenv-ok, noupdategrub, not-far
Partitions info (2/3): _________________________________________________________
mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv : isnotESP, fstab-without-efi, no-nt, no-winload, no-recov-nor-hid, no-bmgr, notwinboot, ext4
sda2 : isnotESP, part-has-no-fstab, no-nt, no-winload, no-recov-nor-hid, no-bmgr, notwinboot, ext4
Partitions info (3/3): _________________________________________________________
mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv : not--sepboot, no---boot, fstab-has-bad-boot, not-sep-usr, with--usr, fstab-without-usr, std-grub.d, sda
sda2 : is---sepboot, no---boot, part-has-no-fstab, not-sep-usr, no---usr, part-has-no-fstab, no--grub.d, sda
fdisk -l (filtered): ___________________________________________________________
Disk sda: 931.51 GiB, 1000204886016 bytes, 1953525168 sectors
Disk identifier: AA4D97AB-80D6-44F1-813E-0AA1FA9B1AE9
Start End Sectors Size Type
sda1 2048 4095 2048 1M BIOS boot
sda2 4096 4198399 4194304 2G Linux filesystem
sda3 4198400 1953521663 1949323264 929.5G Linux filesystem
Disk mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv: 929.51 GiB, 998051414016 bytes, 1949319168 sectors
Disk sdb: 29.3 GiB, 31457280512 bytes, 61440001 sectors
Disk identifier: B0EF6CA3-60D1-4A21-98D9-17C385A8B6F8
Start End Sectors Size Type
sdb1 64 12378291 12378228 5.9G Microsoft basic data
sdb2 12378292 12388435 10144 5M EFI System
sdb3 12388436 12389035 600 300K Microsoft basic data
sdb4 12390400 61437951 49047552 23.4G Linux filesystem
parted -lm (filtered): _________________________________________________________
sda:1000GB:scsi:512:4096:gpt:ATA HGST HTS721010A9:;
1:1049kB:2097kB:1049kB:::bios_grub;
2:2097kB:2150MB:2147MB:ext4::;
3:2150MB:1000GB:998GB:::;
sdb:31.5GB:scsi:512:512:gpt:ASolid USB:;
1:32.8kB:6338MB:6338MB::ISO9660:hidden, msftdata;
2:6338MB:6343MB:5194kB::Appended2:boot, esp;
3:6343MB:6343MB:307kB::Gap1:hidden, msftdata;
4:6344MB:31.5GB:25.1GB:ext4::;
mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv:998GB:dm:512:4096:loop:Linux device-mapper (linear):;
1:0.00B:998GB:998GB:ext4::;
blkid (filtered): ______________________________________________________________
NAME FSTYPE UUID PARTUUID LABEL PARTLABEL
sda
├─sda1 8903a4d5-4e6f-4b5e-8e76-9f5c58edd3fa
├─sda2 ext4 c9562c9e-14e2-4bd8-9297-b9af9d6f0caa 536b7359-0e53-4c51-b62a-9b79c176e922
└─sda3 LVM2_member 3fOHux-W0uD-OVaI-N34n-LX43-bN07-7bWeud 19cb9cf0-3c59-44a5-9492-8468a123443e
└─ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv ext4 21e4a4ac-1406-485c-9aa7-7ad38bde3982
sdb iso9660 2025-02-15-09-15-26-00 Ubuntu 24.04.2 LTS amd64
├─sdb1 iso9660 2025-02-15-09-15-26-00 b0ef6ca3-60d1-4a21-98d8-17c385a8b6f8 Ubuntu 24.04.2 LTS amd64 ISO9660
├─sdb2 vfat B5A5-8010 b0ef6ca3-60d1-4a21-98db-17c385a8b6f8 ESP Appended2
├─sdb3 b0ef6ca3-60d1-4a21-98da-17c385a8b6f8 Gap1
└─sdb4 ext4 5ea05c3f-fa80-47e0-92bc-d603d4e598ec eba6f7e3-c69f-43fc-8c59-a173f0c8186a writable
Mount points (filtered): _______________________________________________________
Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv 858.1G 1% /mnt/boot-sav/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv
/dev/sda2 1.7G 5% /mnt/boot-sav/sda2
/dev/sdb1 0 100% /cdrom
Mount options (filtered): ______________________________________________________
/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv ext4 rw,relatime
/dev/sda2 ext4 rw,relatime
/dev/sdb1 iso9660 ro,noatime,nojoliet,check=s,map=n,blocksize=2048,iocharset=utf8
============================== ls -R /dev/mapper/ ==============================
/dev/mapper:
control
ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv
======================== sda2/grub/grub.cfg (filtered) =========================
Ubuntu 21e4a4ac-1406-485c-9aa7-7ad38bde3982
### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###
UEFI Firmware Settings uefi-firmware
### END /etc/grub.d/30_uefi-firmware ###
==================== sda2: Location of files loaded by Grub ====================
GiB - GB File Fragment(s)
0.242820740 = 0.260726784 grub/grub.cfg 1
0.145027161 = 0.155721728 grub/i386-pc/core.img 1
0.164684296 = 0.176828416 vmlinuz 1
0.164684296 = 0.176828416 vmlinuz-6.11.0-21-generic 1
0.164684296 = 0.176828416 vmlinuz.old 1
0.233917236 = 0.251166720 initrd.img 1
0.233917236 = 0.251166720 initrd.img-6.11.0-21-generic 1
0.233917236 = 0.251166720 initrd.img.old 1
奇怪的是，它引用了我之前手动创建的一个分区，尽管上次安装应该已经删除了那个分区。事实上，GParted 确实显示了这一点。
在一个与我的情况类似的线程中，有人建议使用 GParted 在 MBR 中创建一个新分区，但我不能这样做，因为有活动分区，我无法禁用它们。
我会尝试用U盘安装一个正式版进行进一步修复，但问题可能出在其他地方。您知道我该如何解决这个问题吗？
