我在双启动 Windows 10 Alienware 笔记本电脑上安装了 Ubuntu 18.04 LTS。起初，现场 Ubuntu 安装程序无法检测到里面的 SSD，所以我将 SATA 配置从 RAID ON 更改为 AHCI。之后我可以毫无问题地安装 Ubuntu。
但是，由于更改为 AHCI，现在 Windows 10 无法启动并显示 INACCESSIBLE_BOOT_DEVICE。幸运的是，即使在安装 Ubuntu 之后，我也能够通过将 SATA 配置更改回 RAID ON 来启动 Windows 10。然后我按照此处编写的步骤将“存储控制器”从 Intel 更改为 Microsoft。最后，我在启动选项中改回 AHCI。
后来，我还在 Ubuntu 上安装了Boot Repair 工具，认为它会解决这个问题。但是，我仍然无法登录 Windows 10。
请问有什么办法吗？
我安装了 Nvidia 显卡，并且 Ubuntu 过去一直可以正常工作，直到昨天。不幸的是，它现在卡在登录屏幕上。我切换到终端模式（Ctrl+Alt+F1）并使用以下命令删除了 Nvidia 驱动程序：
sudo apt-get purge nvidia-*
有用！但是，我想使用 Nvidia 驱动程序，所以在成功登录后，我从 Ubuntu 的“软件和更新”下的“附加驱动程序”安装了 Nvidia 驱动程序。重新启动后，它再次卡在登录屏幕。
以下是权限信息。对于.Xauthority文件：
ravi@lab:~$ ls -la .X*
-rw------- 1 ravi ravi 48 Feb 20 11:43 .Xauthority
-rw------- 1 ravi ravi 48 Feb 20 11:27 .Xauthority.bak
我无法找出问题的原因。以下是 的内容dmesg：
[ 1.342426] init: plymouth-upstart-bridge main process ended, respawning
[ 1.544607] Adding 16734204k swap on /dev/sda3. Priority:-1 extents:1 across:16734204k SSFS
[ 1.594473] systemd-udevd[359]: starting version 204
[ 1.596107] tsc: Refined TSC clocksource calibration: 3600.032 MHz
[ 1.620273] lp: driver loaded but no devices found
[ 1.631667] ppdev: user-space parallel port driver
[ 1.649728] wmi: Mapper loaded
[ 1.651556] shpchp: Standard Hot Plug PCI Controller Driver version: 0.4
[ 1.681165] [drm] Initialized drm 1.1.0 20060810
[ 1.690956] type=1400 audit(1550630628.420:2): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" profile="unconfined" name="/sbin/dhclient" pid=487 comm="apparmor_parser"
[ 1.690962] type=1400 audit(1550630628.420:3): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" profile="unconfined" name="/usr/lib/NetworkManager/nm-dhcp-client.action" pid=487 comm="apparmor_parser"
[ 1.690965] type=1400 audit(1550630628.420:4): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" profile="unconfined" name="/usr/lib/connman/scripts/dhclient-script" pid=487 comm="apparmor_parser"
[ 1.691995] type=1400 audit(1550630628.420:5): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_replace" profile="unconfined" name="/sbin/dhclient" pid=493 comm="apparmor_parser"
[ 1.691999] type=1400 audit(1550630628.420:6): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_replace" profile="unconfined" name="/usr/lib/NetworkManager/nm-dhcp-client.action" pid=493 comm="apparmor_parser"
[ 1.692002] type=1400 audit(1550630628.420:7): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_replace" profile="unconfined" name="/usr/lib/connman/scripts/dhclient-script" pid=493 comm="apparmor_parser"
[ 1.693989] snd_hda_intel 0000:00:1f.3: irq 182 for MSI/MSI-X
[ 1.768260] checking generic (d1000000 7f0000) vs hw (c0000000 10000000)
[ 1.768261] checking generic (d1000000 7f0000) vs hw (d0000000 2000000)
[ 1.768262] fb: conflicting fb hw usage nouveaufb vs EFI VGA - removing generic driver
[ 1.768280] Console: switching to colour dummy device 80x25
[ 1.768906] nouveau E[ DEVICE][0000:01:00.0] unknown chipset, 0x134000a1
[ 1.768910] nouveau E[ DRM] failed to create 0x80000080, -22
[ 1.769175] nouveau: probe of 0000:01:00.0 failed with error -22
[ 2.019597] EXT4-fs (sda2): re-mounted. Opts: errors=remount-ro
[ 2.229627] init: failsafe main process (750) killed by TERM signal
[ 2.415213] Bluetooth: Core ver 2.17
[ 2.415250] NET: Registered protocol family 31
[ 2.415251] Bluetooth: HCI device and connection manager initialized
[ 2.415255] Bluetooth: HCI socket layer initialized
[ 2.415257] Bluetooth: L2CAP socket layer initialized
[ 2.415259] Bluetooth: SCO socket layer initialized
[ 2.418438] Bluetooth: BNEP (Ethernet Emulation) ver 1.3
[ 2.418447] Bluetooth: BNEP filters: protocol multicast
[ 2.418451] Bluetooth: BNEP socket layer initialized
[ 2.425587] Bluetooth: RFCOMM TTY layer initialized
[ 2.425608] Bluetooth: RFCOMM socket layer initialized
[ 2.425634] Bluetooth: RFCOMM ver 1.11
[ 2.446701] type=1400 audit(1550630629.176:8): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" profile="unconfined" name="/usr/lib/cups/backend/cups-pdf" pid=837 comm="apparmor_parser"
[ 2.446704] type=1400 audit(1550630629.176:9): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" profile="unconfined" name="/usr/sbin/cupsd" pid=837 comm="apparmor_parser"
[ 2.465787] init: cups main process (842) killed by HUP signal
[ 2.465817] init: cups main process ended, respawning
[ 2.497078] type=1400 audit(1550630629.224:10): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" profile="unconfined" name="/usr/sbin/cups-browsed" pid=916 comm="apparmor_parser"
[ 2.558491] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): eth0: link is not ready
[ 2.588489] init: alsa-restore main process (1031) terminated with status 19
[ 2.598291] Switched to clocksource tsc
下面是内容sudo lshw -c video
ravi@lab:~$ sudo lshw -c video
[sudo] password for ravi:
*-display UNCLAIMED
description: VGA compatible controller
product: NVIDIA Corporation
vendor: NVIDIA Corporation
physical id: 0
bus info: pci@0000:01:00.0
version: a1
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm msi pciexpress vga_controller cap_list
configuration: latency=0
resources: memory:de000000-deffffff memory:c0000000-cfffffff memory:d0000000-d1ffffff ioport:e000(size=128) memory:df000000-df07ffff
PS：我知道类似的问题被问了很多次，但我无法弄清楚这个问题的原因。我猜一些Nvidia配置文件需要正确清理。
我在SO中发布了这个问题，但没有找到任何建议。因此，我在这里发布希望。这个问题可能与其他问题重复，但是我已经尝试了他们的解决方案，但没有取得任何成功。我最近使用以下命令删除了 ROS Indigo -
ravi@lab:~$ sudo apt-get remove ros-*
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 9 not upgraded.
现在，我需要它。所以我尝试使用以下命令再次安装它 -
ravi@lab:~$ sudo apt-get install ros-indigo-desktop-full
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
ros-indigo-desktop-full : Depends: ros-indigo-perception but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.
不幸的是，以上没有奏效。所以我尝试安装依赖项但没有成功-
ravi@lab:~$ sudo apt-get install -f
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 9 not upgraded.
ravi@lab:~$ sudo dpkg --configure -a
ravi@lab:~$ sudo apt-get install -f
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 9 not upgraded.
我尝试手动安装依赖ros-indigo-perception项但没有机会-
ravi@lab:~$ sudo apt-get install ros-indigo-perception
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
ros-indigo-perception : Depends: ros-indigo-perception-pcl but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.
我尝试了更多并考虑安装另一个依赖ros-indigo-perception-pcl项，但徒劳无功-
ravi@lab:~$ sudo apt-get install ros-indigo-perception-pcl
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
ros-indigo-perception-pcl : Depends: ros-indigo-pcl-conversions but it is not going to be installed
Depends: ros-indigo-pcl-ros but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.
仍在尝试没有任何成功-
ravi@lab:~$ sudo apt-get install ros-indigo-pcl-conversions
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
ros-indigo-pcl-conversions : Depends: libpcl-1.7-all but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libpcl-1.7-all-dev but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.
ravi@lab:~$ sudo apt-get install libpcl-1.7-all
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
libpcl-1.7-all : Depends: libpcl-1.7-all-dev but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.
ravi@lab:~$ sudo apt-get install libpcl-1.7-all-dev
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
libpcl-1.7-all-dev : Depends: libpcl-apps-1.7-dev but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libpcl-io-1.7-dev but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libpcl-outofcore-1.7-dev but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libpcl-people-1.7-dev but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libpcl-recognition-1.7-dev but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libpcl-visualization-1.7-dev but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.
我的目标是在我的 Ubuntu 14.04 LTS PC 上安装 ROS Indigo（无需重新安装操作系统：D）
请问有什么办法吗？
我通过 PPA 安装了 TeXLive 2016 并使用了以下命令-
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:jonathonf/texlive
sudo apt update
sudo apt install texlive-full
由于某些原因，我试图删除它，但我不能。后来，我从官方网站上安装了 TeXLive，通过这个链接安装 TeX Live over the Internet。我使用了以下命令-
ravi@home:~/Downloads/install-tl-20180527$ sudo ./install-tl
现在，我可以在 Ubuntu 14.04 LTS 上使用 TeXLive 2018 了Texmaker 4.1 (compiled with Qt 4.8.4 and Poppler 0.24.3)。但是，我的 Ubuntu 显示以下错误-
看来 TeXLive2016 是罪魁祸首。我用过sudo apt-get purge texlive*，但没有用。请看下文——
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
asymptote : Depends: texlive-latex-base but it is not going to be installed
Depends: texlive-base-bin
Depends: texlive-pstricks but it is not going to be installed
dvipng : Depends: texlive-base-bin
feynmf : Depends: texlive-latex-base but it is not going to be installed
Depends: texlive-font-utils but it is not going to be installed
Depends: texlive-extra-utils but it is not going to be installed
fragmaster : Depends: texlive-base-bin
Depends: texlive-latex-base but it is not going to be installed
Depends: texlive-latex-recommended but it is not going to be installed
Depends: texlive-extra-utils but it is not going to be installed
Depends: texlive-font-utils but it is not going to be installed
latex-beamer : Depends: texlive-latex-base but it is not going to be installed
latex-xcolor : Depends: texlive-latex-recommended but it is not going to be installed
latexmk : Depends: texlive-latex-base but it is not going to be installed
pgf : Depends: texlive-latex-recommended but it is not going to be installed
prosper : Depends: texlive-latex-base but it is not going to be installed
Depends: texlive-pstricks but it is not going to be installed
Depends: texlive-latex-recommended but it is not going to be installed
purifyeps : Depends: texlive-metapost but it is not going to be installed
tex4ht-common : Depends: texlive-base-bin
Recommends: tex4ht but it is not going to be installed
tipa : Depends: texlive-latex-base but it is not going to be installed
Depends: texlive-base-bin
E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt-get -f install' with no packages (or specify a solution).
也试过sudo apt-get autoremove和sudo apt-get -f install。请看下面-
ravi@home:~$ sudo apt-get -f install
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Correcting dependencies... Done
The following extra packages will be installed:
luatex texlive-binaries texlive-extra-utils texlive-font-utils
texlive-fonts-recommended texlive-fonts-recommended-doc
texlive-generic-recommended texlive-latex-base
The following packages will be REMOVED:
context
The following NEW packages will be installed:
luatex texlive-binaries texlive-extra-utils texlive-font-utils
texlive-fonts-recommended texlive-fonts-recommended-doc
texlive-generic-recommended texlive-latex-base
0 upgraded, 8 newly installed, 1 to remove and 264 not upgraded.
1 not fully installed or removed.
Need to get 0 B/30.2 MB of archives.
After this operation, 9,608 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
(Reading database ... 295461 files and directories currently installed.)
Removing context (2016.05.17.20160523-1~ubuntu14.04.1york0) ...
unknown option: format
dpkg: error processing package context (--remove):
subprocess installed post-removal script returned error exit status 1
Errors were encountered while processing:
context
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
请问有什么办法可以解决吗？