问题[nvidia](ubuntu)

经过两天的安装崩溃尝试，我很难在该硬件上加载 Ubuntu 22.04 作为唯一的操作系统：

• 主板：2016 ASUS 10XDAi1/C

• BIOS：Aptios 设置实用程序 v3.4，启用 AHCI，禁用安全启动，启用 UEFI（禁用 Legacy）

• /dev/nvme0n1：Intel NVMe 1.2TB SSDPEDMW012T4；尝试在此处安装操作系统。

• /dev/nvme0n2：WD_BLACK 4TB AN1500 NVMe 内部用于大计算；此处未安装操作系统。

• 显卡：NVIDIA GeForce GTX 960

我之前在这台硬件上运行过 Windows 10/WSL1，但我想永久放弃 Windows。在尝试从可启动 USB 安装 Ubuntu 22.04.iso 之前，Windows 10 已被清除。

Ubuntu 22.04 Live 会话在通过 Etcher 或 Rufus 创建的可启动 U 盘安装后运行良好（我尝试了这两种方法，以及多个 U 盘）。从 GRUB 菜单启动 Live 会话需要添加nomodeset noapic acpi=off安全图形功能，而安全图形功能并不能缓解此要求。然后，我尝试在 Live 会话中通过桌面上的“安装 22.04”应用程序安装 Ubuntu 22.04 /dev/nvme0n1。

标准安装设置包括：普通发行版、安装时下载更新以及安装用于图形和 WiFi 的第三方软件。我选择了“擦除磁盘并安装 Ubuntu”。选择“自动登录”。几乎所有内容都安装成功了，但安装结束时总是崩溃。

错误消息：无法在 /dev/nvme0n1 中安装 Grub，执行“grub-install /dev/sda 失败”。这是一个致命错误。

我尝试了很多关于此错误信息的在线建议，但都没能解决我在这个硬件上的安装问题。如果我不nomodeset noapic acpi=off通过 GRUB（通过“e”）添加启动项，Ubuntu 会启动，但始终无法跳过 Ubuntu 徽标屏幕，并且屏幕会一直旋转。我还尝试安装 24.04 LTS，但同样失败。当我从旧的 Ubuntu 安装 CD 安装 Ubuntu 15.10 时，它可以顺利安装，并且在这个硬件上运行良好。

我有一个带有以下内核的 Ubuntu 桌面 -

~ cat /etc/os-release 
PRETTY_NAME="Ubuntu 24.04.2 LTS"
NAME="Ubuntu"
VERSION_ID="24.04"
VERSION="24.04.2 LTS (Noble Numbat)"
...
~ uname -a
Linux ****** 6.8.0-57-generic #59-Ubuntu SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Sat Mar 15 17:40:59 UTC 2025 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

最近我买了一块 NVIDIA 3060 GPU -

~ lspci | grep VGA
01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GA106 [GeForce RTX 3060 Lite Hash Rate] (rev a1)

这是我正在使用的硬盘，也是我唯一能用的。 我一开始就遇到了挂起/恢复的问题，直到切换到 Wayland 才恢复成功。但是，使用 Wayland 每次启动只能成功恢复一次。第二次就失败了。我尝试比较日志，journalctl但在第一次成功挂起/恢复后，第二次尝试挂起/恢复时，我找不到问题所在。以下是成功挂起/恢复后的日志：

Apr 08 12:24:16 systemd-logind[1013]: The system will suspend now!
Apr 08 12:24:16 NetworkManager[1371]: <info>  [1744140256.6196] manager: sleep: sleep requested (sleeping: no  enabled: yes)
Apr 08 12:24:16 NetworkManager[1371]: <info>  [1744140256.6200] device (wlp4s0): state change: unavailable -> unmanaged (reason 'sleeping', sys-iface-state: 'managed')
Apr 08 12:24:16 ModemManager[1399]: <msg> [sleep-monitor-systemd] system is about to suspend
Apr 08 12:24:16 NetworkManager[1371]: <info>  [1744140256.6220] device (wlxbca5119bed89): state change: unavailable -> unmanaged (reason 'sleeping', sys-iface-state: 'managed')
Apr 08 12:24:16 NetworkManager[1371]: <info>  [1744140256.6237] manager: NetworkManager state is now ASLEEP
Apr 08 12:24:16 rtkit-daemon[1805]: Successfully made thread 3149 of process 3133 owned by '1000' high priority at nice level 0.
Apr 08 12:24:16 rtkit-daemon[1805]: Supervising 8 threads of 5 processes of 1 users.
Apr 08 12:24:16 gsd-media-keys[3378]: Unable to get default sink
Apr 08 12:24:16 rtkit-daemon[1805]: Supervising 7 threads of 4 processes of 1 users.
Apr 08 12:24:16 rtkit-daemon[1805]: Supervising 7 threads of 4 processes of 1 users.
Apr 08 12:24:16 rtkit-daemon[1805]: Successfully made thread 3149 of process 3133 owned by '1000' RT at priority 20.
Apr 08 12:24:16 rtkit-daemon[1805]: Supervising 8 threads of 5 processes of 1 users.
Apr 08 12:24:16 update-notifier[5058]: gtk_widget_get_scale_factor: assertion 'GTK_IS_WIDGET (widget)' failed
Apr 08 12:24:16 update-notifier[5058]: gtk_widget_get_scale_factor: assertion 'GTK_IS_WIDGET (widget)' failed
Apr 08 12:24:17 gnome-shell[3133]: Cursor update failed: drmModeAtomicCommit: Invalid argument
Apr 08 12:24:17 systemd[1]: Reached target sleep.target - Sleep.
Apr 08 12:24:17 systemd[1]: Starting nvidia-suspend.service - NVIDIA system suspend actions...
Apr 08 12:24:17 suspend[5438]: nvidia-suspend.service
Apr 08 12:24:17 logger[5438]: <13>Apr  8 12:24:17 suspend: nvidia-suspend.service
Apr 08 12:24:17 kernel: snd_hda_codec_hdmi hdaudioC2D0: HDMI: invalid ELD data byte 53
Apr 08 12:24:17 kernel: rfkill: input handler enabled
Apr 08 12:24:17 gsd-media-keys[3378]: Unable to get default sink
Apr 08 12:24:17 gsd-media-keys[3378]: Unable to get default source
Apr 08 12:24:18 systemd[1]: nvidia-suspend.service: Deactivated successfully.
Apr 08 12:24:18 systemd[1]: Finished nvidia-suspend.service - NVIDIA system suspend actions.
Apr 08 12:24:18 systemd[1]: Starting systemd-suspend.service - System Suspend...
Apr 08 12:24:18 systemd[1]: Stopping atop.service - Atop advanced performance monitor...
Apr 08 12:24:18 systemd[1]: atop.service: Deactivated successfully.
Apr 08 12:24:18 systemd[1]: Stopped atop.service - Atop advanced performance monitor.
Apr 08 12:24:18 systemd-sleep[5493]: Performing sleep operation 'suspend'...
Apr 08 12:24:18 kernel: PM: suspend entry (deep)
Apr 08 12:24:19 kernel: Filesystems sync: 1.175 seconds
Apr 08 12:24:33 kernel: Freezing user space processes
Apr 08 12:24:33 kernel: Freezing user space processes completed (elapsed 0.003 seconds)
Apr 08 12:24:33 kernel: OOM killer disabled.
Apr 08 12:24:33 kernel: Freezing remaining freezable tasks
Apr 08 12:24:33 kernel: Freezing remaining freezable tasks completed (elapsed 0.001 seconds)
Apr 08 12:24:33 kernel: printk: Suspending console(s) (use no_console_suspend to debug)
Apr 08 12:24:33 kernel: RTW:  suspend start
Apr 08 12:24:33 kernel: serial 00:04: disabled
Apr 08 12:24:33 kernel: sd 3:0:0:0: [sdb] Synchronizing SCSI cache
Apr 08 12:24:33 kernel: parport_pc 00:01: disabled
Apr 08 12:24:33 kernel: e1000e: EEE TX LPI TIMER: 00000011
Apr 08 12:24:33 kernel: ata4.00: Entering standby power mode
Apr 08 12:24:33 kernel: sd 1:0:0:0: [sda] Synchronizing SCSI cache
Apr 08 12:24:33 kernel: ata2.00: Entering standby power mode
Apr 08 12:24:33 kernel: ACPI: PM: Preparing to enter system sleep state S3
Apr 08 12:24:33 kernel: ACPI: PM: Saving platform NVS memory
Apr 08 12:24:33 kernel: Disabling non-boot CPUs ...
Apr 08 12:24:33 kernel: smpboot: CPU 1 is now offline
Apr 08 12:24:33 kernel: smpboot: CPU 2 is now offline
Apr 08 12:24:33 kernel: smpboot: CPU 3 is now offline
Apr 08 12:24:33 kernel: smpboot: CPU 4 is now offline
Apr 08 12:24:33 kernel: smpboot: CPU 5 is now offline
Apr 08 12:24:33 kernel: smpboot: CPU 6 is now offline
Apr 08 12:24:33 kernel: smpboot: CPU 7 is now offline
Apr 08 12:24:33 kernel: ACPI: PM: Low-level resume complete
Apr 08 12:24:33 kernel: ACPI: PM: Restoring platform NVS memory
Apr 08 12:24:33 kernel: Enabling non-boot CPUs ...
Apr 08 12:24:33 kernel: smpboot: Booting Node 0 Processor 1 APIC 0x2
Apr 08 12:24:33 kernel: CPU1 is up
Apr 08 12:24:33 kernel: smpboot: Booting Node 0 Processor 2 APIC 0x4
Apr 08 12:24:33 kernel: CPU2 is up
Apr 08 12:24:33 kernel: smpboot: Booting Node 0 Processor 3 APIC 0x6
Apr 08 12:24:33 kernel: CPU3 is up
Apr 08 12:24:33 kernel: smpboot: Booting Node 0 Processor 4 APIC 0x1
Apr 08 12:24:33 kernel: CPU4 is up
Apr 08 12:24:33 kernel: smpboot: Booting Node 0 Processor 5 APIC 0x3
Apr 08 12:24:33 kernel: CPU5 is up
Apr 08 12:24:33 kernel: smpboot: Booting Node 0 Processor 6 APIC 0x5
Apr 08 12:24:33 kernel: CPU6 is up
Apr 08 12:24:33 kernel: smpboot: Booting Node 0 Processor 7 APIC 0x7
Apr 08 12:24:33 kernel: CPU7 is up
Apr 08 12:24:33 kernel: ACPI: PM: Waking up from system sleep state S3
Apr 08 12:24:33 kernel: parport_pc 00:01: activated
Apr 08 12:24:33 kernel: serial 00:04: activated
Apr 08 12:24:33 kernel: RTW: resume start
Apr 08 12:24:33 kernel: usb 2-8.4.4: reset SuperSpeed USB device number 5 using xhci_hcd
Apr 08 12:24:33 kernel: ata3: SATA link down (SStatus 4 SControl 300)
Apr 08 12:24:33 kernel: ata2: SATA link up 6.0 Gbps (SStatus 133 SControl 300)
Apr 08 12:24:33 kernel: ata1: SATA link down (SStatus 4 SControl 300)
Apr 08 12:24:33 kernel: ata4: SATA link up 6.0 Gbps (SStatus 133 SControl 300)
Apr 08 12:24:33 kernel: ata6: SATA link down (SStatus 4 SControl 300)
Apr 08 12:24:33 kernel: ata5: SATA link down (SStatus 4 SControl 300)
Apr 08 12:24:33 kernel: ata2.00: ACPI cmd f5/00:00:00:00:00:00(SECURITY FREEZE LOCK) filtered out
Apr 08 12:24:33 kernel: ata2.00: ACPI cmd b1/c1:00:00:00:00:00(DEVICE CONFIGURATION OVERLAY) filtered out
Apr 08 12:24:33 kernel: ata4.00: ACPI cmd f5/00:00:00:00:00:00(SECURITY FREEZE LOCK) filtered out
Apr 08 12:24:33 kernel: ata4.00: ACPI cmd b1/c1:00:00:00:00:00(DEVICE CONFIGURATION OVERLAY) filtered out
Apr 08 12:24:33 kernel: ata2.00: supports DRM functions and may not be fully accessible
Apr 08 12:24:33 kernel: ata4.00: supports DRM functions and may not be fully accessible
Apr 08 12:24:33 kernel: sd 3:0:0:0: [sdb] Starting disk
Apr 08 12:24:33 kernel: ata4.00: ACPI cmd f5/00:00:00:00:00:00(SECURITY FREEZE LOCK) filtered out
Apr 08 12:24:33 kernel: ata4.00: ACPI cmd b1/c1:00:00:00:00:00(DEVICE CONFIGURATION OVERLAY) filtered out
Apr 08 12:24:33 kernel: ata4.00: supports DRM functions and may not be fully accessible
Apr 08 12:24:33 kernel: sd 1:0:0:0: [sda] Starting disk
Apr 08 12:24:33 kernel: ata2.00: ACPI cmd f5/00:00:00:00:00:00(SECURITY FREEZE LOCK) filtered out
Apr 08 12:24:33 kernel: ata2.00: ACPI cmd b1/c1:00:00:00:00:00(DEVICE CONFIGURATION OVERLAY) filtered out
Apr 08 12:24:33 kernel: ata2.00: supports DRM functions and may not be fully accessible
Apr 08 12:24:33 kernel: ata4.00: configured for UDMA/133
Apr 08 12:24:33 kernel: ata2.00: configured for UDMA/133
Apr 08 12:24:33 kernel: ata2.00: Enabling discard_zeroes_data
Apr 08 12:24:33 kernel: RTW: txpath=0x3, rxpath=0xf
Apr 08 12:24:33 kernel: RTW: txpath_1ss:0x1, num:1
Apr 08 12:24:33 kernel: RTW: txpath_2ss:0x3, num:2
Apr 08 12:24:33 kernel: RTW: wlxbca5119bed89- hw port(0) mac_addr =bc:a5:11:9b:ed:89
Apr 08 12:24:33 kernel: RTW: rtw_resume_common:0 in 400 ms
Apr 08 12:24:33 kernel: OOM killer enabled.
Apr 08 12:24:33 kernel: Restarting tasks ... done.
Apr 08 12:24:33 kernel: random: crng reseeded on system resumption
Apr 08 12:24:33 kernel: PM: suspend exit

以下是因暂停失败而导致的 -

Apr 08 12:25:49 systemd-logind[1013]: The system will suspend now!
Apr 08 12:25:49 NetworkManager[1371]: <info>  [1744140349.1102] manager: sleep: sleep requested (sleeping: no  enabled: yes)
Apr 08 12:25:49 ModemManager[1399]: <msg> [sleep-monitor-systemd] system is about to suspend
Apr 08 12:25:49 NetworkManager[1371]: <info>  [1744140349.1106] device (wlp4s0): state change: unavailable -> unmanaged (reason 'sleeping', sys-iface-state: 'managed')
Apr 08 12:25:49 NetworkManager[1371]: <info>  [1744140349.1126] device (wlxbca5119bed89): state change: unavailable -> unmanaged (reason 'sleeping', sys-iface-state: 'managed')
Apr 08 12:25:49 NetworkManager[1371]: <info>  [1744140349.1137] manager: NetworkManager state is now ASLEEP
Apr 08 12:25:49 rtkit-daemon[1805]: Successfully made thread 3149 of process 3133 owned by '1000' high priority at nice level 0.
Apr 08 12:25:49 rtkit-daemon[1805]: Supervising 8 threads of 5 processes of 1 users.
Apr 08 12:25:49 gsd-media-keys[3378]: Unable to get default sink
Apr 08 12:25:49 rtkit-daemon[1805]: Supervising 7 threads of 4 processes of 1 users.
Apr 08 12:25:49 rtkit-daemon[1805]: Supervising 7 threads of 4 processes of 1 users.
Apr 08 12:25:49 rtkit-daemon[1805]: Successfully made thread 3149 of process 3133 owned by '1000' RT at priority 20.
Apr 08 12:25:49 rtkit-daemon[1805]: Supervising 8 threads of 5 processes of 1 users.
Apr 08 12:25:49 update-notifier[5058]: gtk_widget_get_scale_factor: assertion 'GTK_IS_WIDGET (widget)' failed
Apr 08 12:25:49 update-notifier[5058]: gtk_widget_get_scale_factor: assertion 'GTK_IS_WIDGET (widget)' failed
Apr 08 12:25:49 systemd[1]: Reached target sleep.target - Sleep.
Apr 08 12:25:50 systemd[1]: Starting nvidia-suspend.service - NVIDIA system suspend actions...
Apr 08 12:25:50 rtkit-daemon[1805]: Successfully made thread 3149 of process 3133 owned by '1000' high priority at nice level 0.
Apr 08 12:25:50 rtkit-daemon[1805]: Supervising 8 threads of 5 processes of 1 users.
Apr 08 12:25:50 rtkit-daemon[1805]: Supervising 7 threads of 4 processes of 1 users.
Apr 08 12:25:50 suspend[6245]: nvidia-suspend.service
Apr 08 12:25:50 logger[6245]: <13>Apr  8 12:25:50 suspend: nvidia-suspend.service
Apr 08 12:25:50 rtkit-daemon[1805]: Supervising 7 threads of 4 processes of 1 users.
Apr 08 12:25:50 rtkit-daemon[1805]: Successfully made thread 3149 of process 3133 owned by '1000' RT at priority 20.
Apr 08 12:25:50 rtkit-daemon[1805]: Supervising 8 threads of 5 processes of 1 users.
Apr 08 12:25:50 kernel: snd_hda_codec_hdmi hdaudioC2D0: HDMI: invalid ELD data byte 57
Apr 08 12:25:50 kernel: rfkill: input handler enabled
Apr 08 12:25:50 gsd-media-keys[3378]: gvc_mixer_card_get_index: assertion 'GVC_IS_MIXER_CARD (card)' failed
Apr 08 12:25:50 gsd-media-keys[3378]: gvc_mixer_card_get_index: assertion 'GVC_IS_MIXER_CARD (card)' failed
Apr 08 12:25:50 gsd-media-keys[3378]: Unable to get default sink
Apr 08 12:25:50 gsd-media-keys[3378]: gvc_mixer_card_get_index: assertion 'GVC_IS_MIXER_CARD (card)' failed
Apr 08 12:25:50 gsd-media-keys[3378]: Unable to get default source
Apr 08 12:25:50 systemd[1]: nvidia-suspend.service: Deactivated successfully.
Apr 08 12:25:50 systemd[1]: Finished nvidia-suspend.service - NVIDIA system suspend actions.
Apr 08 12:25:50 systemd[1]: Starting systemd-suspend.service - System Suspend...
Apr 08 12:25:50 systemd[1]: Stopping atop.service - Atop advanced performance monitor...
Apr 08 12:25:50 systemd[1]: atop.service: Deactivated successfully.
Apr 08 12:25:50 systemd[1]: Stopped atop.service - Atop advanced performance monitor.
Apr 08 12:25:50 systemd-sleep[6286]: Performing sleep operation 'suspend'...
Apr 08 12:25:50 kernel: PM: suspend entry (deep)
-- Boot 8480182803494359b25f9d5ab8d68c1e --

正如上面的日志显示，我最终不得不硬重启系统，因为它无法从任何状态恢复。系统似乎处于挂起状态，电源关闭且电源按钮闪烁，但按下电源按钮恢复后，主板恢复供电，但显示器空白，键盘、鼠标和其他 USB 设备（如外部 WiFi 加密狗）均已关闭。

有人可以通过比较日志来帮忙找出问题所在吗？

我不确定这是 VMWare 的问题还是 Ubuntu 的问题。总的来说，Ubuntu 运行良好。我已经运行了 glmark2 并获得了大约 3900 分。我可以在虚拟机中运行 Firefox 并浏览网页，没有明显的延迟。

然而，使用终端非常卡顿，速度很慢。用的时间越长，速度似乎就越慢。例如，如果我启动 vim 然后退出，vim 大约需要一秒钟才会消失，shell 才会重新出现。如果我尝试输入 tmux 命令，输入的每个字符都会延迟大约一秒钟。这种情况在 gnome-terminal 和 rxvt-unicode 中都会发生（在 X 之外的终端中也是如此）。

终端窗口似乎被分成了上半部分和下半部分，而且下半部分并没有定期更新。我得按回车键之类的才能让它重新绘制。所以，比如说，如果我按 Ctrl+B+: 来调出 tmux 命令提示符，屏幕下半部分什么也不会显示，直到我开始输入 tmux 命令。而且即使输入了命令，输入速度也会非常慢，卡顿。

从几天前设置 VM 以来情况一直如此。

虚拟机：

• Ubuntu 22.04
• 所有软件都是最新的
• 16GB内存
• 2 个 CPU，每个 3 个核心
• 8GB显存
• 3D加速已启用（禁用时也会发生）
• 120GB磁盘

主持人：

• 戴尔 Precision 3581
• Windows 11
• Hyper-V 已禁用。Windows Hypervisor 平台已禁用。虚拟机平台已启用。
• 核心隔离安全功能已禁用。
• 32GB内存
• 酷睿 i7-13800H，20 核 2.5GHz
• 512GB固态硬盘
• NVIDIA RTX A1000 6Gb
• VMWare Workstation Pro 17.6.0

我在网上找到的最接近的问题是大约 1 年前的 libmutter 问题，但根据我所看到的一切，该问题已经得到修复。

更改 3D 加速似乎没有任何效果。调整 Hyper-V 和其他 Windows 功能似乎也没什么用。重新安装了 VMWare，结果还是一样。

有什么想法吗？

更新 1：看来这个问题在 X 之外也完全存在。如果我直接进入终端（例如 Ctrl+Alt+F3）并在那里启动 tmux 会话，也会发现延迟很严重。终端窗口的下半部分似乎没有更新。

在我的 Ubuntu 24.04 上，X11 的夜灯不起作用。预览时会亮起，大约 10 秒后又恢复原状。

我尝试了一些有同样问题的其他帖子，但它们适用于另一个版本的 Ubuntu 并且/或者对我来说不起作用。

我了解到 NVIDIA 驱动程序可能有问题。

问题视频

全新安装 Ubuntu 24.04 后，我注意到每当有全屏视频（使用 mpv）或全屏游戏（通过 Steam）时，主显示器总是会流到通过 HDMI 到 HDMI 连接的第二台显示器。

 - Distro : Ubuntu 24.04.2 LTS 
 - Kernel : 6.8.0-53-generic 
 - Nvidia : 550.144.03 (recently upgraded from 535). The same issue happens with 535.
 - Vulkan : 1.3.275 
 - OpenGL : 4.6.0
 - Windowing system : X11

mpv： 使用 mpv 全屏播放的任何内容都会溢出到第二个屏幕的一半。我能够x11-bypass-compositor=yes在 中强制执行mpv.conf，现在全屏 mpv 再也不会溢出到第二个显示器。

[更新 2025 年 2 月 22 日]
此修复显然不适用于 mpv。之前我尝试播放随机视频（我没有检查分辨率），它不再出现渗色，但最近我播放了一些 1080p 视频，它们仍然渗色到第二个屏幕。

steam： 我尝试使用相同的参数运行 steam flatpak run --env=__GL_X11_BYPASS_COMPOSITOR=1 com.valvesoftware.Steam。不幸的是，全屏游戏仍然会渗入到第二台显示器，而 steam 应用程序本身即使在全屏模式下也不会渗入。使用此参数，打开游戏也需要大约 2 分钟，与在我的旧 22.04（同一台机器）上运行相同设置相比，这非常不寻常。除了渗入和打开游戏时延迟很大之外，游戏之后运行良好。

它看起来像这样：

除了暂时修复的全屏视频外，只有全屏游戏会遇到此问题。其他应用程序均未遇到同样的问题。我还能尝试其他什么来阻止此显示器的闪烁吗？我尝试了 2 个 nvidia 版本（535、550），但都没有解决问题。在 24.04 之前也没有发生过这种情况，在 22.04 上，我能够使用双显示器顺利玩游戏。

我最近在 Ubuntu 上玩了很多游戏，但是我的方形显示器帮不上什么忙，因为游戏在上面看起来不太好。我完全不介意使用黑边，但我的问题是，我尝试过的所有更改分辨率的方法都不起作用，因为我无法选择任何非 4:3 的分辨率。我在其他操作系统上都做得很好，在 Ubuntu 上也可以吗？

抱歉，编辑前没有说明，我的电脑是一台旧的 HP Prebuilt（可以称我为老式电脑），具体来说是 HP Prodesk 600 G1 TWR。它有一个第四代英特尔 i5 CPU 和一个 GT 730 GPU。还有 8 GB 的 DDR3 RAM。我使用的是我认为是最新的 Ubuntu 版本（24.04.1 LTS）。另外，我不是 4:3，实际上是 5:4（1280x1024）我尝试使用 Ubuntu 设置，因为终端有时对我来说是个问题，当然这不起作用。我还使用 xrandr 命令尝试为此添加新模式，但在添加时，它似乎不起作用。

我最近将 GPU 从 GTX 1060 更新为 RTX 4060 Ti，但我的桌面图形分辨率总是很低。我尝试了在论坛上找到的几种方法来卸载、清除等驱动程序，但没有任何解决方案。因为 GPU 甚至没有被检测到。

也许一些旧配置阻止我正确升级 GPU？还是我遗漏了一些步骤？所以我的问题是：如何在不重新安装操作系统的情况下将旧图形配置重置为新 GPU 的全新安装？有办法吗？

如果需要任何额外的信息，请随时询问。

提前感谢您的回答。

命令之后

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

我尝试使用命令刷新我的 nvidia 驱动程序，但出现错误：

root@master-at-home:/opt/PhpStorm-242.24807.17/bin# sudo ubuntu-drivers devices
== /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:01.0/0000:01:00.0 ==
modalias : pci:v000010DEd00001341sv00001462sd00001112bc03sc02i00
vendor   : NVIDIA Corporation
model    : GM108M [GeForce 840M]
driver   : nvidia-driver-418-server - distro non-free
driver   : nvidia-driver-510 - distro non-free recommended
driver   : nvidia-driver-510-server - distro non-free
driver   : nvidia-driver-470 - distro non-free
driver   : nvidia-driver-470-server - distro non-free
driver   : nvidia-driver-450-server - distro non-free
driver   : nvidia-driver-390 - distro non-free
driver   : xserver-xorg-video-nouveau - distro free builtin

root@master-at-home:/opt/PhpStorm-242.24807.17/bin# ubuntu-drivers autoinstall
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 dpkg-dev : Depends: libdpkg-perl (= 1.21.1ubuntu2) but 1.21.1ubuntu2.3 is to be installed
            Recommends: build-essential but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

我尝试使用下一个方法修复该问题：

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 6 not upgraded.
root@master-at-home:/opt/PhpStorm-242.24807.17/bin# sudo aptitude -f install    libdpkg-perl
libdpkg-perl is already installed at the requested version (1.21.1ubuntu2.3)
libdpkg-perl is already installed at the requested version (1.21.1ubuntu2.3)
No packages will be installed, upgraded, or removed.
0 packages upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 6 not upgraded.
Need to get 0 B of archives. After unpacking 0 B will be used.

root@master-at-home:/opt/PhpStorm-242.24807.17/bin# sudo aptitude -f install    build-essential
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  build-essential{b}
0 packages upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 6 not upgraded.
Need to get 4 744 B of archives. After unpacking 21,5 kB will be used.
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 build-essential : Depends: gcc (>= 4:10.2) but it is not installable
                   Depends: g++ (>= 4:10.2) but it is not installable
                   Depends: dpkg-dev (>= 1.17.11) but it is not installable
The following actions will resolve these dependencies:

     Keep the following packages at their current version:
1)     build-essential [Not Installed]



Accept this solution? [Y/n/q/?] Y
No packages will be installed, upgraded, or removed.
0 packages upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 6 not upgraded.
Need to get 0 B of archives. After unpacking 0 B will be used.

但它没有帮助，我仍然收到错误：

root@master-at-home:/opt/PhpStorm-242.24807.17/bin# ubuntu-drivers autoinstall
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 dpkg-dev : Depends: libdpkg-perl (= 1.21.1ubuntu2) but 1.21.1ubuntu2.3 is to be installed
            Recommends: build-essential but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

我使用了来自无法纠正问题的分支的提示，您持有损坏的软件包

接下来打开突触，我多次选择菜单编辑 - >修复损坏的包，但没有任何变化，“应用”按钮仍然被禁用。

在我的操作系统中：

root@master-at-home:/opt/PhpStorm-242.24807.17/bin# uname -a
Linux master-at-home 6.8.0-49-generic #49~22.04.1-Ubuntu SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Wed Nov  6 17:42:15 UTC 2 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
root@master-at-home:/opt/PhpStorm-242.24807.17/bin# sudo lshw -numeric -C display
  *-display
       description: 3D controller
       product: GM108M [GeForce 840M] [10DE:1341]
       vendor: NVIDIA Corporation [10DE]
       physical id: 0
       bus info: pci@0000:01:00.0
       version: a2
       width: 64 bits
       clock: 33MHz
       capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list rom
       configuration: driver=nouveau latency=0
       resources: irq:38 memory:f6000000-f6ffffff memory:e0000000-efffffff memory:f0000000-f1ffffff ioport:e000(size=128) memory:f7000000-f707ffff
  *-display
       description: VGA compatible controller
       product: 4th Gen Core Processor Integrated Graphics Controller [8086:416]
       vendor: Intel Corporation [8086]
       physical id: 2
       bus info: pci@0000:00:02.0
       logical name: /dev/fb0
       version: 06
       width: 64 bits
       clock: 33MHz
       capabilities: msi pm vga_controller bus_master cap_list rom fb
       configuration: depth=32 driver=i915 latency=0 resolution=1920,1080
       resources: irq:39 memory:f7400000-f77fffff memory:d0000000-dfffffff ioport:f000(size=64) memory:c0000-dffff

由于此错误，我无法在驱动程序管理器中选择正确的视频驱动程序...

我必须采取哪个步骤来修复这个错误？

更新 # 1：

我运行更新命令没有错误：

root@master-at-home:/opt/PhpStorm-242.24807.17/bin# sudo apt update
Hit:1 https://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb stable InRelease
Hit:2 https://deb.nodesource.com/node_18.x nodistro InRelease                                     
Hit:3 http://ua.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy InRelease                                         
Hit:4 https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu jammy InRelease                      
Hit:5 https://deb.opera.com/opera-stable stable InRelease                           
Hit:6 https://ppa.launchpadcontent.net/giuspen/ppa/ubuntu jammy InRelease
Hit:7 https://ppa.launchpadcontent.net/ondrej/php/ubuntu jammy InRelease
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
6 packages can be upgraded. Run 'apt list --upgradable' to see them.
root@master-at-home:/opt/PhpStorm-242.24807.17/bin# sudo apt dist-upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
Get more security updates through Ubuntu Pro with 'esm-apps' enabled:
  vlc-plugin-qt libvlc5 redis-server vlc-data python3-tornado libvlccore9
  libzbar0 libheif1 vlc imagemagick libavcodec-extra vlc-bin libjs-jquery-ui
  libpathplan4 vlc-l10n graphviz libavdevice58 libgvpr2 libgvc6 ffmpeg
  libopenexr25 libpostproc55 libcgraph6 libmagickcore-6.q16-6-extra
  vlc-plugin-samba libcdt5 php-twig libmagickwand-6.q16-6 libavcodec-extra58
  vlc-plugin-notify libavutil56 imagemagick-6.q16 libswscale5 redis-tools
  libeditorconfig0 libmagickcore-6.q16-6 vlc-plugin-access-extra
  vlc-plugin-skins2 vlc-plugin-video-splitter liblab-gamut1 libswresample3
  imagemagick-6-common vlc-plugin-video-output libavformat58 libde265-0
  libvlc-bin vlc-plugin-base vlc-plugin-visualization libavfilter7
Learn more about Ubuntu Pro at https://ubuntu.com/pro
#
# Patches available for the local privilege escalation issue in needrestart
# tracked by CVE-2024-48990, CVE-2024-48991, CVE-2024-48992, and CVE-2024-10224
# For more see: https://ubuntu.com/blog/needrestart-local-privilege-escalation
#
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  debsuryorg-archive-keyring
The following packages will be upgraded:
  php-common php8.4-cli php8.4-common php8.4-opcache php8.4-phpdbg php8.4-readline
6 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 5 314 kB of archives.
After this operation, 37,9 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y
Get:1 https://ppa.launchpadcontent.net/ondrej/php/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 debsuryorg-archive-keyring all 2024.02.05+ubuntu22.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 [4 328 B]
Get:2 https://ppa.launchpadcontent.net/ondrej/php/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 php-common all 2:95+ubuntu22.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 [16,9 kB]
Get:3 https://ppa.launchpadcontent.net/ondrej/php/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 php8.4-readline amd64 8.4.2-1+ubuntu22.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 [13,7 kB]
Get:4 https://ppa.launchpadcontent.net/ondrej/php/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 php8.4-opcache amd64 8.4.2-1+ubuntu22.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 [467 kB]
Get:5 https://ppa.launchpadcontent.net/ondrej/php/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 php8.4-phpdbg amd64 8.4.2-1+ubuntu22.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 [2 017 kB]
Get:6 https://ppa.launchpadcontent.net/ondrej/php/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 php8.4-cli amd64 8.4.2-1+ubuntu22.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 [1 995 kB]
Get:7 https://ppa.launchpadcontent.net/ondrej/php/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 php8.4-common amd64 8.4.2-1+ubuntu22.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 [801 kB]
Fetched 5 314 kB in 5s (1 056 kB/s)      
Selecting previously unselected package debsuryorg-archive-keyring.
(Reading database ... 274447 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../0-debsuryorg-archive-keyring_2024.02.05+ubuntu22.04.1+deb.sury.org+1_all.deb ...
Unpacking debsuryorg-archive-keyring (2024.02.05+ubuntu22.04.1+deb.sury.org+1) ...
Preparing to unpack .../1-php-common_2%3a95+ubuntu22.04.1+deb.sury.org+1_all.deb ...
Unpacking php-common (2:95+ubuntu22.04.1+deb.sury.org+1) over (2:92ubuntu1) ...
Preparing to unpack .../2-php8.4-readline_8.4.2-1+ubuntu22.04.1+deb.sury.org+1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking php8.4-readline (8.4.2-1+ubuntu22.04.1+deb.sury.org+1) over (8.4.1-3+ubuntu22.04.1+deb.sury.org+1) ...
Preparing to unpack .../3-php8.4-opcache_8.4.2-1+ubuntu22.04.1+deb.sury.org+1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking php8.4-opcache (8.4.2-1+ubuntu22.04.1+deb.sury.org+1) over (8.4.1-3+ubuntu22.04.1+deb.sury.org+1) ...
Preparing to unpack .../4-php8.4-phpdbg_8.4.2-1+ubuntu22.04.1+deb.sury.org+1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking php8.4-phpdbg (8.4.2-1+ubuntu22.04.1+deb.sury.org+1) over (8.4.1-3+ubuntu22.04.1+deb.sury.org+1) ...
Preparing to unpack .../5-php8.4-cli_8.4.2-1+ubuntu22.04.1+deb.sury.org+1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking php8.4-cli (8.4.2-1+ubuntu22.04.1+deb.sury.org+1) over (8.4.1-3+ubuntu22.04.1+deb.sury.org+1) ...
Preparing to unpack .../6-php8.4-common_8.4.2-1+ubuntu22.04.1+deb.sury.org+1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking php8.4-common (8.4.2-1+ubuntu22.04.1+deb.sury.org+1) over (8.4.1-3+ubuntu22.04.1+deb.sury.org+1) ...
Setting up debsuryorg-archive-keyring (2024.02.05+ubuntu22.04.1+deb.sury.org+1) ...
Setting up php-common (2:95+ubuntu22.04.1+deb.sury.org+1) ...
Setting up php8.4-common (8.4.2-1+ubuntu22.04.1+deb.sury.org+1) ...
Setting up php8.4-opcache (8.4.2-1+ubuntu22.04.1+deb.sury.org+1) ...
Setting up php8.4-readline (8.4.2-1+ubuntu22.04.1+deb.sury.org+1) ...
Setting up php8.4-cli (8.4.2-1+ubuntu22.04.1+deb.sury.org+1) ...
Setting up php8.4-phpdbg (8.4.2-1+ubuntu22.04.1+deb.sury.org+1) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.10.2-1) ...
Processing triggers for php8.4-cli (8.4.2-1+ubuntu22.04.1+deb.sury.org+1) ...
Processing triggers for php8.4-phpdbg (8.4.2-1+ubuntu22.04.1+deb.sury.org+1) ...

但检查自动安装仍然出现错误：

root@master-at-home:/opt/PhpStorm-242.24807.17/bin# ubuntu-drivers autoinstall
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 dpkg-dev : Depends: libdpkg-perl (= 1.21.1ubuntu2) but 1.21.1ubuntu2.3 is to be installed
            Recommends: build-essential but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

我尝试完整升级命令：

root@master-at-home:/opt/PhpStorm-242.24807.17/bin# sudo apt full-upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
Get more security updates through Ubuntu Pro with 'esm-apps' enabled:
  vlc-plugin-qt libvlc5 redis-server vlc-data python3-tornado libvlccore9
  libzbar0 libheif1 vlc imagemagick libavcodec-extra vlc-bin libjs-jquery-ui
  libpathplan4 vlc-l10n graphviz libavdevice58 libgvpr2 libgvc6 ffmpeg
  libopenexr25 libpostproc55 libcgraph6 libmagickcore-6.q16-6-extra
  vlc-plugin-samba libcdt5 php-twig libmagickwand-6.q16-6 libavcodec-extra58
  vlc-plugin-notify libavutil56 imagemagick-6.q16 libswscale5 redis-tools
  libeditorconfig0 libmagickcore-6.q16-6 vlc-plugin-access-extra
  vlc-plugin-skins2 vlc-plugin-video-splitter liblab-gamut1 libswresample3
  imagemagick-6-common vlc-plugin-video-output libavformat58 libde265-0
  libvlc-bin vlc-plugin-base vlc-plugin-visualization libavfilter7
Learn more about Ubuntu Pro at https://ubuntu.com/pro
#
# Patches available for the local privilege escalation issue in needrestart
# tracked by CVE-2024-48990, CVE-2024-48991, CVE-2024-48992, and CVE-2024-10224
# For more see: https://ubuntu.com/blog/needrestart-local-privilege-escalation
#
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.

还是同样的错误：

root@master-at-home:/opt/PhpStorm-242.24807.17/bin# ubuntu-drivers autoinstall
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 dpkg-dev : Depends: libdpkg-perl (= 1.21.1ubuntu2) but 1.21.1ubuntu2.3 is to be installed
            Recommends: build-essential but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

更新 # 2：

我检查文件的内容：

sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list :

# deb cdrom:[Kubuntu 22.04.3 LTS _Jammy Jellyfish_ - Release amd64 (20230807.1)]/ jammy main multiverse restricted universe

# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://ua.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted
# deb-src http://ua.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted

## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
# deb-src http://ua.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://ua.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy universe
# deb-src http://ua.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy universe
# deb-src http://ua.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates universe

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
deb http://ua.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy multiverse
# deb-src http://ua.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy multiverse
# deb-src http://ua.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates multiverse

## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
# deb-src http://ua.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse

# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security main restricted
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security universe
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security multiverse

# This system was installed using small removable media
# (e.g. netinst, live or single CD). The matching "deb cdrom"
# entries were disabled at the end of the installation process.
# For information about how to configure apt package sources,
# see the sources.list(5) manual.

和

root@master-at-home:/etc/apt/sources.list.d# ls -la
total 48
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 січ  9 13:57 .
drwxr-xr-x 8 root root 4096 січ 10 15:07 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  110 гру 23 17:35 docker.list
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  142 гру  8 14:32 giuspen-ubuntu-ppa-jammy.list
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  142 гру  8 14:32 giuspen-ubuntu-ppa-jammy.list.save
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  190 гру  8 14:32 google-chrome.list
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  190 гру  8 14:32 google-chrome.list.save
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  113 гру  8 14:32 nodesource.list
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  113 гру  8 14:32 nodesource.list.save
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  140 гру  8 14:32 ondrej-ubuntu-php-jammy.list
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  140 гру  8 14:32 ondrej-ubuntu-php-jammy.list.save
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  187 січ  9 13:57 opera-stable.list

在我的 KDE 中，我发现了 Synaptic，并在其中发现：

不确定你指的是哪个软件和更新 GUI？我需要安装一些特殊程序吗？

Ubuntu 22.04.5 LTS，桌面，X11 窗口，gnome，64 位，

我尝试了所有能找到的解决方法，但都无济于事。所以我终于破解了，并创建了一个帐户，试图找到答案。

我更新了我的视频驱动程序，但突然我的 pipewire 在重启时停止了工作。

输出

pipewire

是

[E][00423.993063] mod.protocol-native | [module-protocol-: 660 lock_socket()] server 0x5fe5b2803c80: unable to lock lockfile '/run/user/1000/pipewire-0.lock': Resource temporarily unavailable (maybe another daemon is running) [E][00423.993354] pw.conf | [ conf.c: 560 load_module()] 0x5fe5b27e9150: could not load mandatory module "libpipewire-module-protocol-native": Resource temporarily unavailable [E][00423.993585] default | [ pipewire.c: 123 main()] failed to create context: Resource temporarily unavailable

尝试删除提到的文件，以便 pipewire 可以重新生成它，但这只会导致 pipewire 在重新生成后冻结。

请帮忙！

我使用 Ubuntu 24.04 和 4k 显示器。在 X11 上，我设置了 60 Hz，使用UFO Test网站进行测试时，我得到了 60 FPS。

当我尝试 Wayland 时，设置显示它也设置为 60 Hz，但它绝对不是 60 Hz，而且当我使用 UFO Test 进行测试时，它仅显示 30 FPS。

我已经nvidia-driver-550。我用驱动程序测试了 PPA nvidia-driver-560，但仍然遇到同样的问题。

可能是什么原因呢？