我在我的 Emby 服务器上运行 Ubuntu Server 20.04。我定期通过 SSH 登录以运行“sudo apt update”和“sudo apt upgrade”来保持我的操作系统打补丁。我还定期运行“sudo apt autoremove”来删除过时的组件。但是当我在 Ubuntu 20.04 工作站上做同样的事情,然后启动“软件”应用程序时,它会发现建议删除的过时内核文件——我允许它这样做。我的问题是 - 与 Ubuntu 软件应用程序正在执行的功能等效的命令行是什么?如何告诉 Ubuntu 服务器查找并删除过时的内核?
认识到这基本上是一个常见问题解答:
nicholas@mordor:~$
nicholas@mordor:~$ sudo apt --fix-broken install
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
nicholas@mordor:~$
nicholas@mordor:~$ sudo apt autoremove
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
nicholas@mordor:~$
nicholas@mordor:~$ sudo dpkg --get-selections | grep hold
nicholas@mordor:~$
nicholas@mordor:~$ sudo apt install mariadb-server mariadb-client
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help resolve the situation:
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
mariadb-server : Depends: mariadb-server-10.3 (>= 1:10.3.25-0ubuntu0.20.04.1) but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.
nicholas@mordor:~$
nicholas@mordor:~$ sudo apt upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
nicholas@mordor:~$
nicholas@mordor:~$ sudo apt update
Hit:1 http://ca.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal InRelease
Hit:2 http://ca.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates InRelease
Hit:3 http://ca.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-backports InRelease
Hit:4 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security InRelease
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
All packages are up to date.
nicholas@mordor:~$
nicholas@mordor:~$ sudo apt install mariadb-server mariadb-client
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help resolve the situation:
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
mariadb-server : Depends: mariadb-server-10.3 (>= 1:10.3.25-0ubuntu0.20.04.1) but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.
nicholas@mordor:~$
但是我如何找出持有或损坏的东西?
还:
nicholas@mordor:~$
nicholas@mordor:~$ sudo apt-get install -f
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
nicholas@mordor:~$
nicholas@mordor:~$ sudo dpkg --configure -a
nicholas@mordor:~$
来源:
nicholas@mordor:~$
nicholas@mordor:~$ cat /etc/apt/sources.list
# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 20.04 LTS _Focal Fossa_ - Release amd64 (20200423)]/ focal main restricted
# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://ca.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted
# deb-src http://ca.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted
## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb http://ca.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted
# deb-src http://ca.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://ca.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal universe
# deb-src http://ca.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal universe
deb http://ca.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates universe
# deb-src http://ca.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates universe
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
deb http://ca.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal multiverse
# deb-src http://ca.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal multiverse
deb http://ca.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates multiverse
# deb-src http://ca.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates multiverse
## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://ca.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://ca.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's
## 'partner' repository.
## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the
## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.
# deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu focal partner
# deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu focal partner
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security main restricted
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security main restricted
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security universe
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security universe
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security multiverse
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security multiverse
# This system was installed using small removable media
# (e.g. netinst, live or single CD). The matching "deb cdrom"
# entries were disabled at the end of the installation process.
# For information about how to configure apt package sources,
# see the sources.list(5) manual.
nicholas@mordor:~$
政策:
nicholas@mordor:~$
nicholas@mordor:~$ apt policy
Package files:
100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
release a=now
500 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security/multiverse amd64 Packages
release v=20.04,o=Ubuntu,a=focal-security,n=focal,l=Ubuntu,c=multiverse,b=amd64
origin security.ubuntu.com
500 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security/universe i386 Packages
release v=20.04,o=Ubuntu,a=focal-security,n=focal,l=Ubuntu,c=universe,b=i386
origin security.ubuntu.com
500 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security/universe amd64 Packages
release v=20.04,o=Ubuntu,a=focal-security,n=focal,l=Ubuntu,c=universe,b=amd64
origin security.ubuntu.com
500 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security/restricted i386 Packages
release v=20.04,o=Ubuntu,a=focal-security,n=focal,l=Ubuntu,c=restricted,b=i386
origin security.ubuntu.com
500 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security/restricted amd64 Packages
release v=20.04,o=Ubuntu,a=focal-security,n=focal,l=Ubuntu,c=restricted,b=amd64
origin security.ubuntu.com
500 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security/main i386 Packages
release v=20.04,o=Ubuntu,a=focal-security,n=focal,l=Ubuntu,c=main,b=i386
origin security.ubuntu.com
500 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security/main amd64 Packages
release v=20.04,o=Ubuntu,a=focal-security,n=focal,l=Ubuntu,c=main,b=amd64
origin security.ubuntu.com
100 http://ca.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-backports/universe i386 Packages
release v=20.04,o=Ubuntu,a=focal-backports,n=focal,l=Ubuntu,c=universe,b=i386
origin ca.archive.ubuntu.com
100 http://ca.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-backports/universe amd64 Packages
release v=20.04,o=Ubuntu,a=focal-backports,n=focal,l=Ubuntu,c=universe,b=amd64
origin ca.archive.ubuntu.com
500 http://ca.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/multiverse i386 Packages
release v=20.04,o=Ubuntu,a=focal-updates,n=focal,l=Ubuntu,c=multiverse,b=i386
origin ca.archive.ubuntu.com
500 http://ca.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/multiverse amd64 Packages
release v=20.04,o=Ubuntu,a=focal-updates,n=focal,l=Ubuntu,c=multiverse,b=amd64
origin ca.archive.ubuntu.com
500 http://ca.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/universe i386 Packages
release v=20.04,o=Ubuntu,a=focal-updates,n=focal,l=Ubuntu,c=universe,b=i386
origin ca.archive.ubuntu.com
500 http://ca.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/universe amd64 Packages
release v=20.04,o=Ubuntu,a=focal-updates,n=focal,l=Ubuntu,c=universe,b=amd64
origin ca.archive.ubuntu.com
500 http://ca.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/restricted i386 Packages
release v=20.04,o=Ubuntu,a=focal-updates,n=focal,l=Ubuntu,c=restricted,b=i386
origin ca.archive.ubuntu.com
500 http://ca.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/restricted amd64 Packages
release v=20.04,o=Ubuntu,a=focal-updates,n=focal,l=Ubuntu,c=restricted,b=amd64
origin ca.archive.ubuntu.com
500 http://ca.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main i386 Packages
release v=20.04,o=Ubuntu,a=focal-updates,n=focal,l=Ubuntu,c=main,b=i386
origin ca.archive.ubuntu.com
500 http://ca.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 Packages
release v=20.04,o=Ubuntu,a=focal-updates,n=focal,l=Ubuntu,c=main,b=amd64
origin ca.archive.ubuntu.com
500 http://ca.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal/multiverse i386 Packages
release v=20.04,o=Ubuntu,a=focal,n=focal,l=Ubuntu,c=multiverse,b=i386
origin ca.archive.ubuntu.com
500 http://ca.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal/multiverse amd64 Packages
release v=20.04,o=Ubuntu,a=focal,n=focal,l=Ubuntu,c=multiverse,b=amd64
origin ca.archive.ubuntu.com
500 http://ca.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal/universe i386 Packages
release v=20.04,o=Ubuntu,a=focal,n=focal,l=Ubuntu,c=universe,b=i386
origin ca.archive.ubuntu.com
500 http://ca.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal/universe amd64 Packages
release v=20.04,o=Ubuntu,a=focal,n=focal,l=Ubuntu,c=universe,b=amd64
origin ca.archive.ubuntu.com
500 http://ca.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal/restricted i386 Packages
release v=20.04,o=Ubuntu,a=focal,n=focal,l=Ubuntu,c=restricted,b=i386
origin ca.archive.ubuntu.com
500 http://ca.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal/restricted amd64 Packages
release v=20.04,o=Ubuntu,a=focal,n=focal,l=Ubuntu,c=restricted,b=amd64
origin ca.archive.ubuntu.com
500 http://ca.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal/main i386 Packages
release v=20.04,o=Ubuntu,a=focal,n=focal,l=Ubuntu,c=main,b=i386
origin ca.archive.ubuntu.com
500 http://ca.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal/main amd64 Packages
release v=20.04,o=Ubuntu,a=focal,n=focal,l=Ubuntu,c=main,b=amd64
origin ca.archive.ubuntu.com
Pinned packages:
nicholas@mordor:~$
有没有办法用 username 创建用户admin
?
当我尝试选择用户名时admin
,我收到了此错误/警告消息。
您输入的用户名 (admin) 保留供系统使用。请选择一个不同的。
请注意,我已经完成了这个 Q如何添加一个名为“admin”的用户admin
,这个 Q 是关于在成功安装后创建一个用户名的用户。
admin
我的 Q 是关于在安装时创建一个用户名。
想法:是否有办法使用 CUBIC https://launchpad.net/cubic等工具/工具自定义 ISO以更改错误/警告消息中的名称?
欢迎使用解决方法。
嗨,我使用 Debian 和 Fedora,并且从 2007 年开始使用。
似乎 Ubuntu 已经进行了营销和构建,以使 Linux 更易于日常使用且对用户更友好。
问题:
我计划在两年后开始在我的公司中使用 Linux,但我需要一个像 Windows 一样完全是 GUI 并且不需要出于任何目的使用 shell 的 Linux。
例如本指南:https ://www.linuxbabe.com/ubuntu/upgrade-from-ubuntu-16-04-17-10-to-ubuntu-18-04 。即使您使用 GUI,您仍然必须在终端中键入命令。
问题:
Ubuntu是这样的吗?我可以将 Ubuntu 计算机提供给宁愿死也不愿触摸命令行/ 的员工shell
吗?
我有一台安装了 Ubuntu 18.04 Desktop 的笔记本电脑。该系统渴望配置和操作 WiFi,但我需要有线连接,因为与 1000BASE-T 以太网相比,我的适配器速度较慢。
以太网电缆已插入,但我在桌面上看不到如何配置有线。关闭 WiFi 后,出现“?” 音量控制旁边。单击此处显示与以太网连接无关。
另一方面,如果我手动启动界面,网络工作正常:
% sudo ifup enp5s0f1
Internet Systems Consortium DHCP Client 4.3.5
Copyright 2004-2016 Internet Systems Consortium.
All rights reserved.
For info, please visit https://www.isc.org/software/dhcp/
Listening on LPF/enp5s0f1/78:24:af:ca:08:74
Sending on LPF/enp5s0f1/78:24:af:ca:08:74
Sending on Socket/fallback
DHCPDISCOVER on enp5s0f1 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 3 (xid=0x637da107)
DHCPDISCOVER on enp5s0f1 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 5 (xid=0x637da107)
DHCPREQUEST of 192.168.1.24 on enp5s0f1 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 (xid=0x7a17d63)
DHCPOFFER of 192.168.1.24 from 192.168.1.1
DHCPACK of 192.168.1.24 from 192.168.1.1
bound to 192.168.1.24 -- renewal in 41444 seconds.
ssh、ftp、web 浏览器...正常工作。
我添加了以下要求的信息:
% sudo lshw -C 网络 *-网络已禁用 描述:无线接口 产品:AR9462无线网络适配器 供应商:高通创锐讯 物理ID:0 总线信息:pci@0000:04:00.0 逻辑名称:wlp4s0 版本:01 序列号:40:e2:30:ae:5b:17 宽度:64 位 时钟:33MHz 功能:pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list rom 以太网物理无线 配置:广播=是驱动程序=ath9k驱动程序版本=4.15.0-36-通用固件=不适用延迟=0链接=无多播=是无线 ss=IEEE 802.11 资源:irq:18 内存:f7900000-f797ffff 内存:f7980000-f798ffff *-网络已禁用 描述:以太网接口 产品:RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express千兆以太网控制器 供应商:瑞昱半导体有限公司 物理id:0.1 总线信息:pci@0000:05:00.1 逻辑名称:enp5s0f1 版本:12 序列号:78:24:af:ca:08:74 大小:1Gbit/s 容量:1Gbit/s 宽度:64 位 时钟:33MHz 功能: pm msi pciexpress msix vpd bus_master cap_list 以太网物理 tp mii 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd 1000bt 1000 bt-fd 自动协商 配置:自动协商=广播=是驱动程序=r8169驱动程序版本=2.3LK-NAPI双工=全延迟=0链接=无多播 =是端口=MII速度=1Gbit/s 资源:irq:19 ioport:d000(size=256) 内存:f7814000-f7814fff 内存:f7810000-f7813fff
在 syslog 中查找 NetworkManager:
/var/log/syslog.1:Oct 17 21:24:28 myhostname NetworkManager[802]: [1539825868.9200] bluez5: NAP: 删除接口 40:E2:30:AE:5B:16 /var/log/syslog.1:Oct 17 21:24:29 myhostname NetworkManager[802]:[1539825869.1167] 经理:睡眠:唤醒请求(睡眠:是启用:是) /var/log/syslog.1:Oct 17 21:24:29 myhostname NetworkManager[802]: [1539825869.1169] 设备 (wlp4s0): 状态变化: 非托管 -> 不可用 (原因 '托管', sys-iface-state: '管理') /var/log/syslog.1:Oct 17 21:24:29 myhostname NetworkManager[802]: [1539825869.1174] manager: NetworkManager 状态现在为 DISCONNECTED /var/log/syslog.1:Oct 17 21:24:29 myhostname NetworkManager[802]: [1539825869.7907] bluez5: NAP: 添加接口 40:E2:30:AE:5B:16 /var/log/syslog.1:Oct 17 21:29:46 myhostname NetworkManager[800]: [1539826186.7085] NetworkManager(版本 1.10.6)正在启动...(第一次) /var/log/syslog.1:Oct 17 21:29:46 myhostname NetworkManager[800]:[1539826186.7086] 读取配置:/etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf (lib: 10-dns-resolved.conf, 20-connectivity -ubuntu.conf,no-mac-addr-change.conf)(运行:10-globally-managed-devices.conf)(等:default-wifi-powersave-on.conf) /var/log/syslog.1:Oct 17 21:29:46 myhostname NetworkManager[800]: [1539826186.7123] manager[0x55ae928e6060]: 监控内核固件目录'/lib/firmware'。 /var/log/syslog.1:Oct 17 21:29:46 myhostname NetworkManager[800]:[1539826186.7124] 监控 ifupdown 状态文件 '/run/network/ifstate'。 /var/log/syslog.1:Oct 17 21:29:46 myhostname NetworkManager[800]:[1539826186.8188] 主机名:主机名:使用主机名 /var/log/syslog.1:Oct 17 21:29:46 myhostname NetworkManager[800]: [1539826186.8189] 主机名:主机名从(无)更改为“我的主机名” /var/log/syslog.1:Oct 17 21:29:46 myhostname NetworkManager[800]:[1539826186.8192] dns-mgr[0x55ae92900140]:init:dns=systemd-resolved,rc-manager=symlink,plugin=systemd-解决 /var/log/syslog.1:Oct 17 21:29:46 myhostname NetworkManager[800]:[1539826186.8199] rfkill1: 找到 WiFi 无线电 killswitch (在 /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1c.2/ 0000:04:00.0/ieee80211/phy0/rfkill1) (驱动程序 ath9k) /var/log/syslog.1:Oct 17 21:29:46 myhostname NetworkManager[800]: [1539826186.8200] manager[0x55ae928e6060]: rfkill: WiFi 硬件无线电设置已禁用 /var/log/syslog.1:Oct 17 21:29:46 myhostname NetworkManager[800]:[1539826186.8201] manager[0x55ae928e6060]:rfkill:WWAN 硬件无线电集已启用 /var/log/syslog.1:Oct 17 21:29:46 myhostname dbus-daemon[775]: [system] 通过 systemd 激活:service name='org.freedesktop.nm_dispatcher' unit='dbus-org.freedesktop。 ':1.14' 请求的 nm-dispatcher.service' (uid=0 pid=800 comm="/usr/sbin/NetworkManager --no-daemon " label="unconfined") /var/log/syslog.1:Oct 17 21:29:46 myhostname NetworkManager[800]:[1539826186.8363] 初始化! /var/log/syslog.1:Oct 17 21:29:46 myhostname NetworkManager[800]: [1539826186.8364] interface-parser: 解析文件 /etc/network/interfaces /var/log/syslog.1:Oct 17 21:29:46 myhostname NetworkManager[800]: [1539826186.8364] interface-parser: 完成解析文件 /etc/network/interfaces /var/log/syslog.1:Oct 17 21:29:46 myhostname NetworkManager[800]: [1539826186.8366] 猜测的连接类型 (enp5s0f1) = 802-3-ethernet /var/log/syslog.1:Oct 17 21:29:46 myhostname NetworkManager[800]: [1539826186.8366] update_connection_setting_from_if_block: name:enp5s0f1, type:802-3-ethernet, id:Ifupdown (enp5s0f1), uuid: a4537f7b- 6324-fd3f-6489-f76bfb2af0dc /var/log/syslog.1:Oct 17 21:29:46 myhostname NetworkManager[800]:[1539826186.8367] 将 enp5s0f1 添加到连接 /var/log/syslog.1:Oct 17 21:29:46 myhostname NetworkManager[800]: [1539826186.8367] 将 iface enp5s0f1 添加到 eni_ifaces /var/log/syslog.1:Oct 17 21:29:46 myhostname NetworkManager[800]:[1539826186.8367] 管理模式:非托管 /var/log/syslog.1:Oct 17 21:29:46 myhostname NetworkManager[800]: [1539826186.8371] 设备添加(路径:/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1c.2/0000:04 :00.0/net/wlp4s0, iface: wlp4s0) /var/log/syslog.1:Oct 17 21:29:46 myhostname NetworkManager[800]: [1539826186.8371] 设备添加(路径:/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1c.2/0000:04 :00.0/net/wlp4s0, iface: wlp4s0): 没有找到 ifupdown 配置。 /var/log/syslog.1:Oct 17 21:29:46 myhostname NetworkManager[800]: [1539826186.8371] 设备添加(路径:/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1c.3/0000:05 :00.1/net/enp5s0f1, iface: enp5s0f1) /var/log/syslog.1:Oct 17 21:29:46 myhostname NetworkManager[800]: [1539826186.8372] 锁定有线连接设置 /var/log/syslog.1:Oct 17 21:29:46 myhostname NetworkManager[800]:[1539826186.8372] settings-connection[0x55ae928b2360,a4537f7b-6324-fd3f-6489-f76bfb2af0dc]:写入:更新连接失败:写入不支持的设置 /var/log/syslog.1:Oct 17 21:29:46 myhostname NetworkManager[800]: [1539826186.8372] 设备添加(路径:/sys/devices/virtual/net/lo,iface:lo) /var/log/syslog.1:Oct 17 21:29:46 myhostname NetworkManager[800]: [1539826186.8372] 设备添加(路径:/sys/devices/virtual/net/lo, iface: lo):找不到 ifupdown 配置. /var/log/syslog.1:Oct 17 21:29:46 myhostname NetworkManager[800]: [1539826186.8372] end _init. /var/log/syslog.1:Oct 17 21:29:46 myhostname NetworkManager[800]: [1539826186.8372] 设置:加载插件 ifupdown: (C) 2008 Canonical Ltd. 要报告错误,请使用 NetworkManager 邮件列表。(/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/NetworkManager/libnm-settings-plugin-ifupdown.so) /var/log/syslog.1:Oct 17 21:29:46 myhostname NetworkManager[800]:[1539826186.8373] 设置:加载的插件密钥文件:(c) 2007 - 2016 Red Hat, Inc. 要报告错误,请使用 NetworkManager 邮件列表。 /var/log/syslog.1:Oct 17 21:29:46 myhostname NetworkManager[800]: [1539826186.8373] (-1835934528) ... get_connections。 /var/log/syslog.1:Oct 17 21:29:46 myhostname NetworkManager[800]: [1539826186.8373] (-1835934528) ... get_connections (managed=false): 返回空列表。 /var/log/syslog.1:Oct 17 21:29:46 myhostname NetworkManager[800]:[1539826186.8464] 密钥文件:新连接 /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/有线连接 1 (823e4837-330a-3bf9-8be5- 6fc1f1fde418,"有线连接1") /var/log/syslog.1:Oct 17 21:29:46 myhostname NetworkManager[800]:[1539826186.8543] 密钥文件:新连接 /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/Necronomicon (b247a602-6c61-4875-af1e-58d0d88bbd81, 《死灵之书》) /var/log/syslog.1:Oct 17 21:29:46 myhostname NetworkManager[800]:[1539826186.8548] 获取非托管设备数:1 /var/log/syslog.1:Oct 17 21:29:46 myhostname NetworkManager[800]: [1539826186.8548] manager: rfkill: WiFi 被无线电 killswitch 禁用;被状态文件禁用 /var/log/syslog.1:Oct 17 21:29:46 myhostname NetworkManager[800]: [1539826186.8548] manager: rfkill: WWAN 由无线电 killswitch 启用;由状态文件启用 /var/log/syslog.1:Oct 17 21:29:46 myhostname NetworkManager[800]:[1539826186.8548] manager:网络由状态文件启用 /var/log/syslog.1:Oct 17 21:29:46 myhostname NetworkManager[800]: [1539826186.8549] dhcp-init: 使用 DHCP 客户端 'dhclient' /var/log/syslog.1:Oct 17 21:29:46 myhostname NetworkManager[800]:[1539826186.8550] 加载的设备插件:NMBondDeviceFactory(内部) /var/log/syslog.1:Oct 17 21:29:46 myhostname NetworkManager[800]:[1539826186.8550] 加载的设备插件:NMBridgeDeviceFactory(内部) /var/log/syslog.1:Oct 17 21:29:46 myhostname NetworkManager[800]:[1539826186.8550] 加载的设备插件:NMDummyDeviceFactory(内部) /var/log/syslog.1:Oct 17 21:29:46 myhostname NetworkManager[800]: [1539826186.8550] 加载的设备插件:NMEthernetDeviceFactory(内部) /var/log/syslog.1:Oct 17 21:29:46 myhostname NetworkManager[800]:[1539826186.8550] 加载的设备插件:NMInfinibandDeviceFactory(内部) /var/log/syslog.1:Oct 17 21:29:46 myhostname NetworkManager[800]:[1539826186.8550] 加载的设备插件:NMIPTunnelDeviceFactory(内部) /var/log/syslog.1:Oct 17 21:29:46 myhostname NetworkManager[800]:[1539826186.8550] 加载的设备插件:NMMacsecDeviceFactory(内部) /var/log/syslog.1:Oct 17 21:29:46 myhostname NetworkManager[800]:[1539826186.8550] 加载的设备插件:NMMacvlanDeviceFactory(内部) /var/log/syslog.1:Oct 17 21:29:46 myhostname NetworkManager[800]: [1539826186.8551] 加载的设备插件:NMPppDeviceFactory(内部) /var/log/syslog.1:Oct 17 21:29:46 myhostname NetworkManager[800]:[1539826186.8551] 加载的设备插件:NMTunDeviceFactory(内部) /var/log/syslog.1:Oct 17 21:29:46 myhostname NetworkManager[800]:[1539826186.8551] 加载的设备插件:NMVethDeviceFactory(内部) /var/log/syslog.1:Oct 17 21:29:46 myhostname NetworkManager[800]:[1539826186.8551] 加载的设备插件:NMVlanDeviceFactory(内部) /var/log/syslog.1:Oct 17 21:29:46 myhostname NetworkManager[800]:[1539826186.8551] 加载的设备插件:NMVxlanDeviceFactory(内部) /var/log/syslog.1:Oct 17 21:29:46 myhostname NetworkManager[800]:[1539826186.8570] 加载的设备插件:NMWwanFactory (/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/NetworkManager/libnm-device-plugin- wwan.so) /var/log/syslog.1:Oct 17 21:29:46 myhostname NetworkManager[800]:[1539826186.8580] 加载的设备插件:NMAtmManager (/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/NetworkManager/libnm-device-plugin- adsl.so) /var/log/syslog.1:Oct 17 21:29:46 myhostname NetworkManager[800]:[1539826186.8602] 加载的设备插件:NMBluezManager (/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/NetworkManager/libnm-device-plugin-蓝牙.so) /var/log/syslog.1:Oct 17 21:29:46 myhostname NetworkManager[800]:[1539826186.8611] 加载的设备插件:NMWifiFactory (/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/NetworkManager/libnm-device-plugin- wifi.so) /var/log/syslog.1:Oct 17 21:29:46 myhostname NetworkManager[800]:[1539826186.8635] 加载的设备插件:NMTeamFactory (/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/NetworkManager/libnm-device-plugin-团队.so) /var/log/syslog.1:Oct 17 21:29:46 myhostname NetworkManager[800]:[1539826186.8641] 设备(lo):运营商:链接已连接 /var/log/syslog.1:Oct 17 21:29:46 myhostname NetworkManager[800]: [1539826186.8646] manager: (lo): new Generic device (/org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/Devices/1) /var/log/syslog.1:Oct 17 21:29:46 myhostname NetworkManager[800]: [1539826186.8655] manager: (enp5s0f1): new Ethernet device (/org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/Devices/2) /var/log/syslog.1:Oct 17 21:29:46 myhostname NetworkManager[800]: [1539826186.8663] wifi-nl80211: (wlp4s0): 使用 nl80211 进行 WiFi 设备控制 /var/log/syslog.1:Oct 17 21:29:46 myhostname NetworkManager[800]: [1539826186.8664] 设备 (wlp4s0): 驱动程序支持接入点 (AP) 模式 /var/log/syslog.1:Oct 17 21:29:46 myhostname NetworkManager[800]: [1539826186.8670] manager: (wlp4s0): new 802.11 WiFi device (/org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/Devices/3) /var/log/syslog.1:Oct 17 21:29:46 myhostname NetworkManager[800]: [1539826186.8679] 设备 (wlp4s0): 状态变化: 非托管 -> 不可用 (原因 '托管', sys-iface-state: '外部的') /var/log/syslog.1:Oct 17 21:29:46 myhostname NetworkManager[800]: [1539826186.8723] bluez: 使用 BlueZ 版本 5 /var/log/syslog.1:Oct 17 21:29:46 myhostname NetworkManager[800]: [1539826186.8735] modem-manager: ModemManager 可用 /var/log/syslog.1:Oct 17 21:29:46 myhostname NetworkManager[800]:[1539826186.8757] 请求者:wpa_supplicant 正在运行 /var/log/syslog.1:Oct 17 21:29:46 myhostname NetworkManager[800]: [1539826186.8760] manager: 启动完成 /var/log/syslog.1:Oct 17 21:29:46 myhostname NetworkManager[800]: [1539826186.8767] bluez5: NAP: 添加接口 40:E2:30:AE:5B:16
寻找 enp5s0f1:
/var/log/syslog.1:Oct 17 21:29:46 myhostname 内核:[1.210408] r8169 0000:05:00.1 enp5s0f1:从 eth0 重命名 /var/log/syslog.1:Oct 17 21:29:46 myhostname NetworkManager[800]: [1539826186.8366] 猜测的连接类型 (enp5s0f1) = 802-3-ethernet /var/log/syslog.1:Oct 17 21:29:46 myhostname NetworkManager[800]: [1539826186.8366] update_connection_setting_from_if_block: name:enp5s0f1, type:802-3-ethernet, id:Ifupdown (enp5s0f1), uuid: a4537f7b- 6324-fd3f-6489-f76bfb2af0dc /var/log/syslog.1:Oct 17 21:29:46 myhostname NetworkManager[800]:[1539826186.8367] 将 enp5s0f1 添加到连接 /var/log/syslog.1:Oct 17 21:29:46 myhostname NetworkManager[800]: [1539826186.8367] 将 iface enp5s0f1 添加到 eni_ifaces /var/log/syslog.1:Oct 17 21:29:46 myhostname NetworkManager[800]: [1539826186.8371] 设备添加(路径:/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1c.3/0000:05 :00.1/net/enp5s0f1, iface: enp5s0f1) /var/log/syslog.1:Oct 17 21:29:46 myhostname NetworkManager[800]: [1539826186.8655] manager: (enp5s0f1): new Ethernet device (/org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/Devices/2)
/etc/network/interfaces 的内容:
# ifup(8) 和 ifdown(8) 使用的 interfaces(5) 文件 自动lo iface lo inet 环回 iface enp5s0f1 inet dhcp
来自 /etc/netplan/01-network-manager-all.yaml
# 让 NetworkManager 管理这个系统上的所有设备 网络: 版本:2 渲染器:网络管理器
谢谢你的帮助,
查尔斯
我有两个硬盘,每个硬盘都有一个主分区,每个硬盘都有自己的 Ubuntu 18.04 安装
sda1 40gb
sdb1 512gb
sdb1 的唯一目的是保存 sda1 的压缩备份 通常计算机从 sda1 引导和运行。
我想要完成的(通过 SSH konsole)是将启动设备从 sda1 更改为 sdb1,然后重新启动,以便在重新启动时 sdb1 加载它的 ubuntu 副本,接下来我可以创建 sda1 的备份映像并存储它作为 sdb1 上的压缩映像文件,创建备份映像后,我想将启动驱动器更改回 sda1。
本练习的目的是能够创建 sda1 的备份映像,同时仅使用 SSH 将其卸载到 sdb1。
我熟悉在 bios 中更改启动设备,或从拇指驱动器启动以创建备份,我试图在不与计算机进行任何物理交互的情况下实现我的目标。(如果出现问题,我确实可以进行物理访问)
我尝试将 /etc/fstab 中的 UUID 条目更改为指向 sdb1 的 UUID,但 grub/fstab 仍会在启动/重新启动时加载 sda1。
有什么方法可以安装最小版本的 Ubuntu(无 GUI),以便它与您获得标准 AWS EC2 系统时获得的 Ubuntu 设置非常相似?
使用https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/MinimalCD有更好的选择吗?如果没有,还需要在 Minimal 系统上安装什么以使其更接近 EC2 实例?
我将在 Oracle VB 环境中安装它,最终目的是运行 Docker 容器,可能还有一个用于个人开发的 CI/CD 系统。我只是想了解如何在实际使用付费系统之前配置所有这些工具/系统。
TIA
我周围有很多 Ubuntu 驱动的设备。
据我所知/etc/group
,/etc/passwd
,/etc/shadow
是在安装过程中创建的,所以它们不属于任何包:
$ dpkg -S /etc/passwd
dpkg-query: no path found matching pattern /etc/passwd
$ dpkg -S /etc/shadow
dpkg-query: no path found matching pattern /etc/shadow
$ dpkg -S /etc/group
dpkg-query: no path found matching pattern /etc/group
我的问题在标题中 - 如何检查我的用户和组是否正确?如果我在此类文件中拼写错误或手动更改了某些内容怎么办?
在 Ubuntu 18.04 (Bionic Beaver) 上是否有用于管理 systemd 的 GUI 工具?
我希望能够看到服务和/或单元(和/或其他 systemd 调用它们)的状态。
理想情况下,我还可以过滤以仅显示正在运行的服务。还过滤以仅显示启用的服务。
显然,Ubuntu 16.04 有systemd-ui
,我从未使用过。
这篇2011 年的文章提到了很久以前在各种 Linux 发行版上存在的其他一些工具。
如果没有 GUI 工具,是否有 curses 工具?
我希望能够快速查看正在运行和启用的服务列表,并尽可能少地按下按键,停止和禁用我不想要的服务/单元。
谢谢!
ubuntu 拥有无限权限的用户“root”,显然,它的存在是为了不被使用。“管理员”已经被某些东西占用了。
因此,假设计算机没有连接到任何类型的无所不在的域中,并单独跟踪每个人。在此类计算机上用于偶尔管理任务的帐户的默认名称是什么?
澄清一下:假设有一个名为“user”的非 sudoer 帐户大部分时间都在使用。管理员帐户与该用户配对的第一个想法是“管理员”。这在ubuntu上是不可能的。此类帐户是否还有其他通用名称?我的意思是词汇并没有被“root”和“admin”用尽,但它们是简短、简洁和最相关的。社区同意的创作者创造了哪些替代品(如果有的话)?