我尝试使用以下命令在 NetBSD 下使用 OpenVPN 作为客户端：
openvpn --client --config /etc/openvpn/config.ovpn
我收到以下输出和错误：
localhost# openvpn --client --config /etc/openvpn/openvpn.ovpn
2024-04-26 10:29:35 WARNING: Compression for receiving enabled. Compression has been used in the past to break encryption. Sent packets are not compressed unless "allow-compression yes" is also set.
2024-04-26 10:29:35 DEPRECATED OPTION: --cipher set to 'AES-256-CBC' but missing in --data-ciphers (AES-256-GCM:AES-128-GCM:CHACHA20-POLY1305). OpenVPN ignores --cipher for cipher negotiations.
2024-04-26 10:29:35 OpenVPN 2.6.10 x86_64--netbsd [SSL (OpenSSL)] [LZO] [LZ4] [MH/PKTINFO] [AEAD]
2024-04-26 10:29:35 library versions: OpenSSL 1.1.1k 25 Mar 2021, LZO 2.10
Enter Auth Username:********
Enter Auth Password:********
2024-04-26 10:32:48 TCP/UDP: Preserving recently used remote address: [AF_INET]**.191.33.**:1701
2024-04-26 10:32:48 Socket Buffers: R=[32768->32768] S=[32768->32768]
2024-04-26 10:32:48 Attempting to establish TCP connection with [AF_INET]**.191.33.**:1701
2024-04-26 10:32:48 TCP connection established with [AF_INET]**.191.33.**:1701
2024-04-26 10:32:48 TCPv4_CLIENT link local: (not bound)
2024-04-26 10:32:48 TCPv4_CLIENT link remote: [AF_INET]**.191.33.**:1701
2024-04-26 10:32:48 NOTE: UID/GID downgrade will be delayed because of --client, --pull, or --up-delay
2024-04-26 10:32:48 TLS: Initial packet from [AF_INET]**.191.33.**:1701, sid=0006909e 9b0d208f
2024-04-26 10:32:48 WARNING: this configuration may cache passwords in memory -- use the auth-nocache option to prevent this
2024-04-26 10:32:48 VERIFY OK: depth=1, C=US, ST=New York, L=New York, O=Ubiquiti Inc., OU=UniFi_OpenVPN_CA, CN=UniFi_OpenVPN_CA
2024-04-26 10:32:48 VERIFY KU OK
2024-04-26 10:32:48 Validating certificate extended key usage
2024-04-26 10:32:48 ++ Certificate has EKU (str) TLS Web Server Authentication, expects TLS Web Server Authentication
2024-04-26 10:32:48 VERIFY EKU OK
2024-04-26 10:32:48 VERIFY OK: depth=0, C=US, ST=New York, L=New York, O=Ubiquiti Inc., OU=UniFi_OpenVPN_Server, CN=UniFi_OpenVPN_Server
2024-04-26 10:33:53 Control Channel: TLSv1.3, cipher TLSv1.3 TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384, peer certificate: 2048 bits RSA, signature: RSA-SHA256, peer temporary key: 253 bits X25519
2024-04-26 10:33:53 [UniFi_OpenVPN_Server] Peer Connection Initiated with [AF_INET]**.191.33.**:1701
2024-04-26 10:33:53 TLS: move_session: dest=TM_ACTIVE src=TM_INITIAL reinit_src=1
2024-04-26 10:33:53 TLS: tls_multi_process: initial untrusted session promoted to trusted
2024-04-26 10:33:53 PUSH: Received control message: 'PUSH_REPLY,dhcp-option DNS 192.168.7.1,route 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0,route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0,route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0,route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0,route-gateway 192.168.7.1,topology subnet,ping 10,ping-restart 60,ifconfig 192.168.7.2 255.255.255.0,peer-id 0,cipher AES-256-GCM'
2024-04-26 10:33:53 OPTIONS IMPORT: --ifconfig/up options modified
2024-04-26 10:33:53 OPTIONS IMPORT: route options modified
2024-04-26 10:33:53 OPTIONS IMPORT: route-related options modified
2024-04-26 10:33:53 OPTIONS IMPORT: --ip-win32 and/or --dhcp-option options modified
2024-04-26 10:33:53 TUN/TAP device /dev/tun0 opened
2024-04-26 10:33:53 /sbin/ifconfig tun0 192.168.7.2 192.168.7.1 mtu 1500 netmask 255.255.255.0 up
2024-04-26 10:33:53 /sbin/route add -net 192.168.7.0 192.168.7.1 -netmask 255.255.255.0
add net 192.168.7.0: gateway 192.168.7.1
2024-04-26 10:33:53 /sbin/route add -net **.191.33.** 192.168.1.254 -netmask 255.255.255.255
route: writing to routing socket: File exists
add net **.191.33.**: gateway 192.168.1.254: File exists
2024-04-26 10:33:53 ERROR: OpenBSD/NetBSD route add command failed: external program exited with error status: 1
2024-04-26 10:33:53 /sbin/route add -net 0.0.0.0 192.168.7.1 -netmask 128.0.0.0
add net 0.0.0.0: gateway 192.168.7.1
2024-04-26 10:33:53 /sbin/route add -net 128.0.0.0 192.168.7.1 -netmask 128.0.0.0
add net 128.0.0.0: gateway 192.168.7.1
2024-04-26 10:33:53 /sbin/route add -net 192.168.4.0 192.168.7.1 -netmask 255.255.255.0
add net 192.168.4.0: gateway 192.168.7.1
2024-04-26 10:33:53 /sbin/route add -net 192.168.2.0 192.168.7.1 -netmask 255.255.255.0
add net 192.168.2.0: gateway 192.168.7.1
2024-04-26 10:33:53 /sbin/route add -net 192.168.1.0 192.168.7.1 -netmask 255.255.255.0
route: writing to routing socket: File exists
add net 192.168.1.0: gateway 192.168.7.1: File exists
2024-04-26 10:33:53 ERROR: OpenBSD/NetBSD route add command failed: external program exited with error status: 1
2024-04-26 10:33:53 /sbin/route add -net 192.168.3.0 192.168.7.1 -netmask 255.255.255.0
add net 192.168.3.0: gateway 192.168.7.1
2024-04-26 10:33:53 GID set to nogroup
2024-04-26 10:33:53 UID set to nobody
2024-04-26 10:33:53 Initialization Sequence Completed
2024-04-26 10:33:53 Data Channel: cipher 'AES-256-GCM', peer-id: 0, compression: 'lzo'
2024-04-26 10:33:53 Timers: ping 10, ping-restart 60
当我作为客户端运行 OpenVPN 时，有可用的互联网连接，但我无法访问网络上的任何机器**.191.33.**，我知道我应该能够通过 SSH 连接到 192.168.1.114，但我无法通过 OpenVPN 访问该机器，Ubuiquity 框中有防火墙规则，允许从 192.168.7.* 到 192.168.1.* 的流量我知道这是有效的，它使用 OpenVPN 客户端从 Mac 和 PC 进行测试，我只是无法让它工作网络BSD
这是我运行 OpenVPN 之前的路由表：
Internet:
Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Mtu Interface
default 192.168.1.254 UGS - - - iwn0
127/8 127.0.0.1 UGRS - - 33624 lo0
127.0.0.1 lo0 UHl - - 33624 lo0
192.168.1/24 link#2 UC - - - iwn0
192.168.1.68 link#2 UHl - - - lo0
192.168.1.254 00:1e:80:a2:2e:ff UHL - - - iwn0
这是我运行 OpenVPN 时的路由表：
Internet:
Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Mtu Interface
0/1 192.168.7.1 UGS - - - tun0
default 192.168.1.254 UGS - - - iwn0
**.191.33.**/32 192.168.1.254 UGS - - - iwn0
127/8 127.0.0.1 UGRS - - 33624 lo0
127.0.0.1 lo0 UHl - - 33624 lo0
128/1 192.168.7.1 UGS - - - tun0
192.168.1/24 link#2 UC - - - iwn0
192.168.1.68 link#2 UHl - - - lo0
192.168.2/24 192.168.7.1 UGS - - - tun0
192.168.3/24 192.168.7.1 UGS - - - tun0
192.168.4/24 192.168.7.1 UGS - - - tun0
192.168.7/24 192.168.7.1 UGS - - - tun0
192.168.7.1 192.168.7.2 UH - - - tun0
192.168.7.2 tun0 UHl - - - lo0
192.168.1.254 00:1e:80:a2:2e:ff UHL - - - iwn0
这是我停止 OpenVPN 后的路由表：
Internet:
Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Mtu Interface
0/1 192.168.7.1 UGS - - - tun0
default 192.168.1.254 UGS - - - iwn0
**.191.33.**/32 192.168.1.254 UGS - - - iwn0
127/8 127.0.0.1 UGRS - - 33624 lo0
127.0.0.1 lo0 UHl - - 33624 lo0
128/1 192.168.7.1 UGS - - - tun0
192.168.1/24 link#2 UC - - - iwn0
192.168.1.68 link#2 UHl - - - lo0
192.168.2/24 192.168.7.1 UGS - - - tun0
192.168.3/24 192.168.7.1 UGS - - - tun0
192.168.4/24 192.168.7.1 UGS - - - tun0
192.168.7/24 192.168.7.1 UGS - - - tun0
192.168.7.2 tun0 UHl - - - lo0
192.168.1.254 00:1e:80:a2:2e:ff UHL - - - iwn0
这是我销毁 tun0 后的路由表：
ifconfig tun0 destroy
Internet:
Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Mtu Interface
default 192.168.1.254 UGS - - - iwn0
**.191.33.**/32 192.168.1.254 UGS - - - iwn0
127/8 127.0.0.1 UGRS - - 33624 lo0
127.0.0.1 lo0 UHl - - 33624 lo0
192.168.1/24 link#2 UC - - - iwn0
192.168.1.68 link#2 UHl - - - lo0
192.168.1.254 00:1e:80:a2:2e:ff UHL - - - iwn0
当停止 OpenVPN 并破坏隧道 tun0 时，通往的路由**.191.33.**仍然存在，我不知道这是否是预期的行为。
更新 我现在检查了几台计算机，没有一台计算机有192.168.1/24路由，只有在运行NetBSD的计算机上，我尝试删除它，但没有成功。我还阅读了很多手册页和各种其他文档，但我还没有想出任何有用的东西。
OpenVPN 配置
client
dev tun
proto tcp
remote **.191.33.** 1701
resolv-retry infinite
nobind
# Downgrade privileges after initialization (non-Windows only)
user nobody
group nogroup
persist-key
persist-tun
auth-user-pass
remote-cert-tls server
cipher AES-256-CBC
comp-lzo
verb 3
auth SHA1
key-direction 1
reneg-sec 0
redirect-gateway def1
<ca>
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
...
-----END CERTIFICATE-----
</ca>
<tls-auth>
-----BEGIN OpenVPN Static key V1-----
...
-----END OpenVPN Static key V1-----
</tls-auth>
<cert>
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
...
-----END CERTIFICATE-----
</cert>
<key>
-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----
...
-----END PRIVATE KEY-----
</key>
意图
我正在尝试从家里连接到远程位置的 VPN。远程网络受到面向互联网的防火墙的保护，路由器后面网络上的所有计算机都可以访问，192.168.7.* 网络是标准 Ubuiquity 并用于 VPN 客户端，我添加了一条防火墙规则以允许来自 192.168 的流量.7.* 到 192.168.1.* 网络，这在我尝试过的所有计算机（Mac、PC、Windows、Linux、MacOS）上都运行良好。等，但运行 NetBSD 的 PC 除外。
运行NetBSD的PC上的网络配置是在安装过程中进行的，并且我使用了自动配置功能，因此我根本没有指定任何网络、路由或规则。使用 OpenVPN 客户端时我能够访问互联网，但我无法访问远程网络上的任何计算机。所以我想我缺少的部分是从 192.168.7.* 到 192.168.1.* 的路由，这样我将能够访问连接到该网络的计算机
