我目前正在处理一个硬盘，我无法写入该硬盘，但我不明白其原因。以下是我对这个问题的观察：
运行只读基准测试效果很好；读取速度和访问时间看起来不错
运行写入基准测试不会产生结果并且似乎“挂起”
任何尝试写入磁盘的应用程序或进程都会挂起直至终止，包括尝试格式化磁盘时的 gparted。在格式化尝试期间的某个时刻，出现“写入 /dev/sda 期间出现输入/输出错误”。
Buffer I/O logical block <some_number> lost during async write我看到的唯一其他明显的错误消息是有时在关机期间显示的类似内容。自检的 Smartctl 输出看起来很好，让我相信这可能不是物理问题
该命令
fdisk -l为受影响的磁盘返回以下输出：
Device Start End Sectors Size Type
/dev/sda1 63 532542 532480 260M EFI System
/dev/sda2 532543 498340557 497808015 237,4G Microsoft basic data
/dev/sda5 498341888 1953519615 1455177728 693,9G Linux filesystem
Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary.
Partition 2 does not start on physical sector boundary.
GPT PMBR size mismatch (4100491 != 15701758) will be corrected by write.
The backup GPT table is not on the end of the device. This problem will be corrected by write.
- 刚才我确实听到磁盘里传来一些类似刮擦的声音。
因此，特别是由于第 6 点，我假设 HDD 中存在物理损坏，但话又说回来，我希望 smartctl 能够指出这一点。不幸的是，我对此类问题缺乏经验，因此，如果有人知道我可以采取任何其他诊断步骤来确认磁盘确实已损坏，我将不胜感激。
\dmesg编辑：根据要求，我在此处添加运行写入基准测试时的输出。基准测试本身停留在第一个样本上，如下所示。
[ 1090.321553] ata5.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x9801ffff SErr 0x50000 action 0x6 frozen
[ 1090.321562] ata5: SError: { PHYRdyChg CommWake }
[ 1090.321569] ata5.00: failed command: WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
[ 1090.321580] ata5.00: cmd 61/d0:00:40:0d:00/02:00:00:00:00/40 tag 0 ncq dma 368640 out
res 40/00:ff:ff:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/00 Emask 0x4 (timeout)
[ 1090.321584] ata5.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 1090.321588] ata5.00: failed command: WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
[ 1090.321598] ata5.00: cmd 61/40:08:10:10:00/05:00:00:00:00/40 tag 1 ncq dma 688128 out
res 40/00:ff:ff:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/00 Emask 0x4 (timeout)
[ 1090.321602] ata5.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 1090.321605] ata5.00: failed command: WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
[ 1090.321614] ata5.00: cmd 61/c8:10:50:15:00/02:00:00:00:00/40 tag 2 ncq dma 364544 out
res 40/00:ff:ff:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/00 Emask 0x4 (timeout)
[ 1090.321618] ata5.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 1090.321622] ata5.00: failed command: WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
[ 1090.321630] ata5.00: cmd 61/48:18:18:18:00/05:00:00:00:00/40 tag 3 ncq dma 692224 out
res 40/00:ff:ff:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/00 Emask 0x4 (timeout)
[ 1090.321634] ata5.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 1090.321638] ata5.00: failed command: WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
[ 1090.321646] ata5.00: cmd 61/c0:20:60:1d:00/02:00:00:00:00/40 tag 4 ncq dma 360448 out
res 40/00:ff:ff:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/00 Emask 0x4 (timeout)
[ 1090.321650] ata5.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 1090.321654] ata5.00: failed command: WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
[ 1090.321662] ata5.00: cmd 61/48:28:20:20:00/05:00:00:00:00/40 tag 5 ncq dma 692224 out
res 40/00:ff:ff:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/00 Emask 0x4 (timeout)
[ 1090.321666] ata5.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 1090.321670] ata5.00: failed command: WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
[ 1090.321678] ata5.00: cmd 61/c0:30:68:25:00/02:00:00:00:00/40 tag 6 ncq dma 360448 out
res 40/00:ff:ff:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/00 Emask 0x4 (timeout)
[ 1090.321682] ata5.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 1090.321686] ata5.00: failed command: WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
[ 1090.321694] ata5.00: cmd 61/40:38:28:28:00/05:00:00:00:00/40 tag 7 ncq dma 688128 out
res 40/00:ff:ff:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/00 Emask 0x4 (timeout)
[ 1090.321698] ata5.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 1090.321701] ata5.00: failed command: WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
[ 1090.321710] ata5.00: cmd 61/c0:40:68:2d:00/02:00:00:00:00/40 tag 8 ncq dma 360448 out
res 40/00:ff:ff:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/00 Emask 0x4 (timeout)
[ 1090.321714] ata5.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 1090.321717] ata5.00: failed command: WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
[ 1090.321726] ata5.00: cmd 61/40:48:28:30:00/05:00:00:00:00/40 tag 9 ncq dma 688128 out
res 40/00:ff:ff:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/00 Emask 0x4 (timeout)
[ 1090.321730] ata5.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 1090.321733] ata5.00: failed command: WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
[ 1090.321742] ata5.00: cmd 61/c8:50:68:35:00/02:00:00:00:00/40 tag 10 ncq dma 364544 out
res 40/00:ff:ff:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/00 Emask 0x4 (timeout)
[ 1090.321746] ata5.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 1090.321749] ata5.00: failed command: WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
[ 1090.321758] ata5.00: cmd 61/40:58:30:38:00/05:00:00:00:00/40 tag 11 ncq dma 688128 out
res 40/00:ff:ff:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/00 Emask 0x4 (timeout)
[ 1090.321762] ata5.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 1090.321765] ata5.00: failed command: WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
[ 1090.321774] ata5.00: cmd 61/c0:60:70:3d:00/02:00:00:00:00/40 tag 12 ncq dma 360448 out
res 40/00:ff:ff:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/00 Emask 0x4 (timeout)
[ 1090.321778] ata5.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 1090.321781] ata5.00: failed command: WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
[ 1090.321790] ata5.00: cmd 61/40:68:30:40:00/05:00:00:00:00/40 tag 13 ncq dma 688128 out
res 40/00:ff:ff:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/00 Emask 0x4 (timeout)
[ 1090.321794] ata5.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 1090.321797] ata5.00: failed command: WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
[ 1090.321806] ata5.00: cmd 61/c8:70:70:45:00/02:00:00:00:00/40 tag 14 ncq dma 364544 out
res 40/00:ff:ff:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/00 Emask 0x4 (timeout)
[ 1090.321810] ata5.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 1090.321813] ata5.00: failed command: WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
[ 1090.321822] ata5.00: cmd 61/48:78:38:48:00/05:00:00:00:00/40 tag 15 ncq dma 692224 out
res 40/00:01:00:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/00 Emask 0x4 (timeout)
[ 1090.321826] ata5.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 1090.321829] ata5.00: failed command: WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
[ 1090.321838] ata5.00: cmd 61/80:80:80:4d:00/02:00:00:00:00/40 tag 16 ncq dma 327680 out
res 40/00:ff:ff:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/00 Emask 0x4 (timeout)
[ 1090.321841] ata5.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 1090.321845] ata5.00: failed command: WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
[ 1090.321854] ata5.00: cmd 61/40:d8:00:00:00/05:00:00:00:00/40 tag 27 ncq dma 688128 out
res 40/00:01:00:4f:c2/00:00:00:00:00/00 Emask 0x4 (timeout)
[ 1090.321858] ata5.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 1090.321861] ata5.00: failed command: WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
[ 1090.321870] ata5.00: cmd 61/c0:e0:40:05:00/02:00:00:00:00/40 tag 28 ncq dma 360448 out
res 40/00:00:00:4f:c2/00:00:00:00:00/00 Emask 0x4 (timeout)
[ 1090.321874] ata5.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 1090.321877] ata5.00: failed command: WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
[ 1090.321886] ata5.00: cmd 61/40:f8:00:08:00/05:00:00:00:00/40 tag 31 ncq dma 688128 out
res 40/00:ff:ff:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/00 Emask 0x4 (timeout)
[ 1090.321890] ata5.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 1090.321896] ata5: hard resetting link
[ 1090.636674] ata5: SATA link up 6.0 Gbps (SStatus 133 SControl 300)
[ 1090.646800] ata5.00: ACPI cmd ef/10:06:00:00:00:00 (SET FEATURES) succeeded
[ 1090.646806] ata5.00: ACPI cmd f5/00:00:00:00:00:00 (SECURITY FREEZE LOCK) filtered out
[ 1090.646811] ata5.00: ACPI cmd b1/c1:00:00:00:00:00 (DEVICE CONFIGURATION OVERLAY) filtered out
[ 1090.651025] ata5.00: ACPI cmd ef/10:06:00:00:00:00 (SET FEATURES) succeeded
[ 1090.651032] ata5.00: ACPI cmd f5/00:00:00:00:00:00 (SECURITY FREEZE LOCK) filtered out
[ 1090.651036] ata5.00: ACPI cmd b1/c1:00:00:00:00:00 (DEVICE CONFIGURATION OVERLAY) filtered out
[ 1090.652207] ata5.00: configured for UDMA/100
[ 1090.652755] ata5: EH complete
[ 1121.030386] ata5.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0xfcfffc SErr 0x40000 action 0x6 frozen
[ 1121.030399] ata5: SError: { CommWake }
[ 1121.030408] ata5.00: failed command: WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
[ 1121.030425] ata5.00: cmd 61/40:10:00:08:00/05:00:00:00:00/40 tag 2 ncq dma 688128 out
res 40/00:ff:ff:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/00 Emask 0x4 (timeout)
[ 1121.030430] ata5.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 1121.030436] ata5.00: failed command: WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
[ 1121.030451] ata5.00: cmd 61/c0:18:40:05:00/02:00:00:00:00/40 tag 3 ncq dma 360448 out
res 40/00:ff:ff:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/00 Emask 0x4 (timeout)
[ 1121.030457] ata5.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 1121.030462] ata5.00: failed command: WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
[ 1121.030471] ata5.00: cmd 61/40:20:00:00:00/05:00:00:00:00/40 tag 4 ncq dma 688128 out
res 40/00:ff:ff:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/00 Emask 0x4 (timeout)
[ 1121.030475] ata5.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 1121.030479] ata5.00: failed command: WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
[ 1121.030488] ata5.00: cmd 61/80:28:80:4d:00/02:00:00:00:00/40 tag 5 ncq dma 327680 out
res 40/00:ff:ff:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/00 Emask 0x4 (timeout)
[ 1121.030491] ata5.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 1121.030495] ata5.00: failed command: WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
[ 1121.030504] ata5.00: cmd 61/48:30:38:48:00/05:00:00:00:00/40 tag 6 ncq dma 692224 out
res 40/00:ff:ff:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/00 Emask 0x4 (timeout)
[ 1121.030507] ata5.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 1121.030511] ata5.00: failed command: WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
[ 1121.030520] ata5.00: cmd 61/c8:38:70:45:00/02:00:00:00:00/40 tag 7 ncq dma 364544 out
res 40/00:ff:ff:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/00 Emask 0x4 (timeout)
[ 1121.030523] ata5.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 1121.030527] ata5.00: failed command: WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
[ 1121.030535] ata5.00: cmd 61/40:40:30:40:00/05:00:00:00:00/40 tag 8 ncq dma 688128 out
res 40/00:ff:ff:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/00 Emask 0x4 (timeout)
[ 1121.030539] ata5.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 1121.030543] ata5.00: failed command: WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
[ 1121.030551] ata5.00: cmd 61/c0:48:70:3d:00/02:00:00:00:00/40 tag 9 ncq dma 360448 out
res 40/00:ff:ff:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/00 Emask 0x4 (timeout)
[ 1121.030555] ata5.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 1121.030558] ata5.00: failed command: WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
[ 1121.030568] ata5.00: cmd 61/40:50:30:38:00/05:00:00:00:00/40 tag 10 ncq dma 688128 out
res 40/00:ff:ff:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/00 Emask 0x4 (timeout)
[ 1121.030571] ata5.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 1121.030575] ata5.00: failed command: WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
[ 1121.030584] ata5.00: cmd 61/c8:58:68:35:00/02:00:00:00:00/40 tag 11 ncq dma 364544 out
res 40/00:ff:ff:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/00 Emask 0x4 (timeout)
[ 1121.030587] ata5.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 1121.030591] ata5.00: failed command: WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
[ 1121.030600] ata5.00: cmd 61/40:60:28:30:00/05:00:00:00:00/40 tag 12 ncq dma 688128 out
res 40/00:ff:ff:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/00 Emask 0x4 (timeout)
[ 1121.030603] ata5.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 1121.030607] ata5.00: failed command: WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
[ 1121.030616] ata5.00: cmd 61/c0:68:68:2d:00/02:00:00:00:00/40 tag 13 ncq dma 360448 out
res 40/00:ff:ff:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/00 Emask 0x4 (timeout)
[ 1121.030619] ata5.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 1121.030623] ata5.00: failed command: WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
[ 1121.030632] ata5.00: cmd 61/40:70:28:28:00/05:00:00:00:00/40 tag 14 ncq dma 688128 out
res 40/00:ff:ff:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/00 Emask 0x4 (timeout)
[ 1121.030635] ata5.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 1121.030639] ata5.00: failed command: WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
[ 1121.030648] ata5.00: cmd 61/c0:78:68:25:00/02:00:00:00:00/40 tag 15 ncq dma 360448 out
res 40/00:01:00:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/00 Emask 0x4 (timeout)
[ 1121.030651] ata5.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 1121.030655] ata5.00: failed command: WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
[ 1121.030664] ata5.00: cmd 61/48:90:20:20:00/05:00:00:00:00/40 tag 18 ncq dma 692224 out
res 40/00:ff:ff:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/00 Emask 0x4 (timeout)
[ 1121.030667] ata5.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 1121.030671] ata5.00: failed command: WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
[ 1121.030680] ata5.00: cmd 61/c0:98:60:1d:00/02:00:00:00:00/40 tag 19 ncq dma 360448 out
res 40/00:ff:ff:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/00 Emask 0x4 (timeout)
[ 1121.030683] ata5.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 1121.030687] ata5.00: failed command: WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
[ 1121.030696] ata5.00: cmd 61/48:a0:18:18:00/05:00:00:00:00/40 tag 20 ncq dma 692224 out
res 40/00:01:00:4f:c2/00:00:00:00:00/00 Emask 0x4 (timeout)
[ 1121.030699] ata5.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 1121.030703] ata5.00: failed command: WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
[ 1121.030712] ata5.00: cmd 61/c8:a8:50:15:00/02:00:00:00:00/40 tag 21 ncq dma 364544 out
res 40/00:ff:ff:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/00 Emask 0x4 (timeout)
[ 1121.030715] ata5.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 1121.030719] ata5.00: failed command: WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
[ 1121.030728] ata5.00: cmd 61/40:b0:10:10:00/05:00:00:00:00/40 tag 22 ncq dma 688128 out
res 40/00:00:00:4f:c2/00:00:00:00:00/00 Emask 0x4 (timeout)
[ 1121.030731] ata5.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 1121.030735] ata5.00: failed command: WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
[ 1121.030743] ata5.00: cmd 61/d0:b8:40:0d:00/02:00:00:00:00/40 tag 23 ncq dma 368640 out
res 40/00:00:00:4f:c2/00:00:00:00:00/00 Emask 0x4 (timeout)
[ 1121.030747] ata5.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 1121.030753] ata5: hard resetting link
[ 1121.345937] ata5: SATA link up 6.0 Gbps (SStatus 133 SControl 300)
[ 1121.358873] ata5.00: ACPI cmd ef/10:06:00:00:00:00 (SET FEATURES) succeeded
[ 1121.358880] ata5.00: ACPI cmd f5/00:00:00:00:00:00 (SECURITY FREEZE LOCK) filtered out
[ 1121.358884] ata5.00: ACPI cmd b1/c1:00:00:00:00:00 (DEVICE CONFIGURATION OVERLAY) filtered out
[ 1121.363203] ata5.00: ACPI cmd ef/10:06:00:00:00:00 (SET FEATURES) succeeded
[ 1121.363209] ata5.00: ACPI cmd f5/00:00:00:00:00:00 (SECURITY FREEZE LOCK) filtered out
[ 1121.363214] ata5.00: ACPI cmd b1/c1:00:00:00:00:00 (DEVICE CONFIGURATION OVERLAY) filtered out
[ 1121.364412] ata5.00: configured for UDMA/100
[ 1121.364968] ata5: EH complete
[ 1209.075840] INFO: task gnome-disks:8463 blocked for more than 120 seconds.
[ 1209.075852] Tainted: P OE 5.4.0-153-generic #170-Ubuntu
[ 1209.075854] "echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs" disables this message.
[ 1209.075858] gnome-disks D 0 8463 2344 0x00004000
[ 1209.075863] Call Trace:
[ 1209.075878] __schedule+0x2e3/0x740
[ 1209.075885] schedule+0x42/0xb0
[ 1209.075891] io_schedule+0x16/0x40
[ 1209.075899] __blkdev_direct_IO+0x353/0x450
[ 1209.075906] ? check_preempt_curr+0x4e/0x90
[ 1209.075911] blkdev_direct_IO+0x4d/0x70
[ 1209.075919] generic_file_direct_write+0x9c/0x170
[ 1209.075926] __generic_file_write_iter+0xbc/0x1d0
[ 1209.075931] blkdev_write_iter+0xb8/0x160
[ 1209.075940] new_sync_write+0x125/0x1c0
[ 1209.075949] __vfs_write+0x29/0x40
[ 1209.075952] vfs_write+0xb9/0x1a0
[ 1209.075957] ksys_write+0x67/0xe0
[ 1209.075962] __x64_sys_write+0x1a/0x20
[ 1209.075975] do_syscall_64+0x57/0x190
[ 1209.075980] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x5c/0xc1
[ 1209.075984] RIP: 0033:0x7efc3d2f132f
[ 1209.075992] Code: Bad RIP value.
[ 1209.075995] RSP: 002b:00007efc32dc59a0 EFLAGS: 00000293 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000001
[ 1209.075999] RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 0000000000000000 RCX: 00007efc3d2f132f
[ 1209.076002] RDX: 0000000000a00000 RSI: 00007efc313c4000 RDI: 000000000000000b
[ 1209.076004] RBP: 000055a1a5d5d010 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000423
[ 1209.076005] R10: 00007ffdf2cc2090 R11: 0000000000000293 R12: 000000000000000b
[ 1209.076007] R13: 00007efc313c4000 R14: 0000000000001000 R15: 00007efc32dc5a50
[ 1213.183836] ata5.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x40000 action 0x6 frozen
[ 1213.183845] ata5: SError: { CommWake }
[ 1213.183852] ata5.00: failed command: WRITE DMA EXT
[ 1213.183865] ata5.00: cmd 35/00:c8:68:35:00/00:02:00:00:00/e0 tag 17 dma 364544 out
res 40/00:ff:ff:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/00 Emask 0x4 (timeout)
[ 1213.183869] ata5.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 1213.183876] ata5: hard resetting link
[ 1213.498788] ata5: SATA link up 6.0 Gbps (SStatus 133 SControl 300)
[ 1213.501523] ata5.00: ACPI cmd ef/10:06:00:00:00:00 (SET FEATURES) succeeded
[ 1213.501530] ata5.00: ACPI cmd f5/00:00:00:00:00:00 (SECURITY FREEZE LOCK) filtered out
[ 1213.501534] ata5.00: ACPI cmd b1/c1:00:00:00:00:00 (DEVICE CONFIGURATION OVERLAY) filtered out
[ 1213.505634] ata5.00: ACPI cmd ef/10:06:00:00:00:00 (SET FEATURES) succeeded
[ 1213.505640] ata5.00: ACPI cmd f5/00:00:00:00:00:00 (SECURITY FREEZE LOCK) filtered out
[ 1213.505645] ata5.00: ACPI cmd b1/c1:00:00:00:00:00 (DEVICE CONFIGURATION OVERLAY) filtered out
[ 1213.506879] ata5.00: configured for UDMA/100
[ 1213.507257] ata5: EH complete
基准停留在第一个样本上：
