我无法在驱动器中安装任何 CD 或 DVD。但是，我有双启动的 Windows 10，并且可以在 Windows 中读取任何 CD/DVD，没有任何问题。

在此图中，“DVD-RW 备份”是 DVD-RW 标签。英文标题消息：无法安装 DVD-RW 备份（或“无法安装”或“无法安装”等）。

• 操作系统：Debian GNU/Linux trixie/sid
• 内核：6.12.12-amd64 x86_64
• 设备：ATAPI iHAS122 W

错误：

$ sudo mount /dev/sr0 /mnt
mount: /mnt: fsconfig system call failed: /dev/sr0: Can't open blockdev.
       dmesg(1) may have more information after failed mount system call.

$ sudo mount /dev/sr0/pktcdvd0 /mnt
mount: /mnt: fsconfig system call failed: /dev/sr0/pktcdvd0: Can't lookup blockdev.
       dmesg(1) may have more information after failed mount system call.

以下是一些命令的输出：

$ sudo blkid /dev/sr0
/dev/sr0: UUID="67587414000011bf" LABEL="DVD-RW backup" BLOCK_SIZE="2048" TYPE="udf"

$ lsblk
sr0          11:0    1   2,3G  0 rom  
└─pktcdvd0  252:0    1   2,3G  0 disk

$ lsdvd
libdvdread: DVDOpenFileUDF:UDFFindFile /VIDEO_TS/VIDEO_TS.IFO failed
libdvdread: DVDOpenFileUDF:UDFFindFile /VIDEO_TS/VIDEO_TS.BUP failed
Can't open main ifo!

$ sudo dmesg | grep sr0
[    5.239165] sr 1:0:0:0: [sr0] scsi3-mmc drive: 94x/62x writer dvd-ram cd/rw xa/form2 cdda tray
[    5.297610] sr 1:0:0:0: Attached scsi CD-ROM sr0
[   90.583896] block (null): writer mapped to sr0

$ cdrwtool -i -d /dev/sr0
using device /dev/sr0
256KB internal buffer
setting write speed to 12x

DISC INFO:
    erasable : Yes
    border = 3
    Disc status = 2
    number of first track = 1
    number of sessions = 1
    number of tracks = 1
    status of last track = 1
    uru = 1
    did_v = 0
    dbc_v = 0
    disc type = 0
    disc_id = 0
    lead_in = 00:00:00 (0)
    lead_out = 00:00:00 (0)
    OPC entries = 0

TRACK INFO:

Track 1
    track_number = 1
    session_number = 1
    damage = 0
    copy = 0
    track_mode = 4
    Rt = 0
    blank = 0
    packet = 1
    fp = 1
    data_mode = 1
    lra_v = 0
    nwa_v = 0
    track_start = 0
    next_writable = 0
    last_recorded = 0
    free_blocks = 0
    packet_size = 16
    track_size = 1227456 (2454912KB)
can't unlock door

以下是 udevram 的输出：

$ udevadm info -n /dev/sr0                                        
P: /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:02.1/0000:04:00.1/ata2/host1/target1:0:0/1:0:0:0/block/sr0
M: sr0
R: 0
J: b11:0
U: block
T: disk
D: b 11:0
N: sr0
L: -100
S: disk/by-label/DVD-RW\x20backup
S: disk/by-uuid/67587414000011bf
S: disk/by-id/ata-ATAPI_iHAS122_W_3522540_207325501228
S: disk/by-path/pci-0000:04:00.1-ata-2.0
S: disk/by-path/pci-0000:04:00.1-ata-2
S: disk/by-diskseq/8
S: cdrom
Q: 8
E: DEVPATH=/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:02.1/0000:04:00.1/ata2/host1/target1:0:0/1:0:0:0/block/sr0
E: DEVNAME=/dev/sr0
E: DEVTYPE=disk
E: DISKSEQ=8
E: MAJOR=11
E: MINOR=0
E: SUBSYSTEM=block
E: USEC_INITIALIZED=5297510
E: ID_CDROM=1
E: SYSTEMD_MOUNT_DEVICE_BOUND=1
E: ID_CDROM_CD_R=1
E: ID_CDROM_CD_RW=1
E: ID_CDROM_DVD=1
P: /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:02.1/0000:04:00.1/ata2/host1/target1:0:0/1:0:0:0/block/sr0
M: sr0
R: 0
J: b11:0
U: block
T: disk
D: b 11:0
N: sr0
L: -100
S: disk/by-label/DVD-RW\x20backup
S: disk/by-uuid/67587414000011bf
S: disk/by-id/ata-ATAPI_iHAS122_W_3522540_207325501228
S: disk/by-path/pci-0000:04:00.1-ata-2.0
S: disk/by-path/pci-0000:04:00.1-ata-2
S: disk/by-diskseq/8
S: cdrom
Q: 8
E: DEVPATH=/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:02.1/0000:04:00.1/ata2/host1/target1:0:0/1:0:0:0/block/sr0
E: DEVNAME=/dev/sr0
E: DEVTYPE=disk
E: DISKSEQ=8
E: MAJOR=11
E: MINOR=0
E: SUBSYSTEM=block
E: USEC_INITIALIZED=5297510
E: ID_CDROM=1
E: SYSTEMD_MOUNT_DEVICE_BOUND=1
E: ID_CDROM_CD_R=1
E: ID_CDROM_CD_RW=1
E: ID_CDROM_DVD=1
E: ID_CDROM_DVD_R=1
E: ID_CDROM_DVD_RAM=1
E: ID_CDROM_MRW=1
E: ID_CDROM_MRW_W=1
E: ID_CDROM_DVD_PLUS_R_DL=1
E: ID_CDROM_DVD_PLUS_R=1
E: ID_CDROM_DVD_PLUS_RW=1
E: ID_CDROM_DVD_R_DL_JR=1
E: ID_CDROM_DVD_R_DL_SEQ=1
E: ID_CDROM_DVD_RW_SEQ=1
E: ID_CDROM_DVD_RW_RO=1
E: ID_CDROM_CD=1
E: ID_CDROM_RW_REMOVABLE=1
E: ID_CDROM_DVD_RW=1
E: ID_CDROM_DVD_R_DL=1
E: ID_CDROM_MEDIA=1
E: ID_CDROM_MEDIA_DVD_RW_RO=1
E: ID_CDROM_MEDIA_DVD_RW=1
E: ID_CDROM_MEDIA_STATE=complete
E: ID_CDROM_MEDIA_SESSION_COUNT=1
E: ID_CDROM_MEDIA_TRACK_COUNT=1
E: ID_CDROM_MEDIA_TRACK_COUNT_DATA=1
E: ID_ATA=1
E: ID_TYPE=cd
E: ID_BUS=ata
E: ID_MODEL=ATAPI_iHAS122_W
E: ID_MODEL_ENC=ATAPI\x20\x20\x20iHAS122\x20\x20\x20W\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20
E: ID_REVISION=PL06
E: ID_SERIAL=ATAPI_iHAS122_W_3522540_207325501228
E: ID_SERIAL_SHORT=3522540_207325501228
E: ID_ATA_FEATURE_SET_PM=1
E: ID_ATA_FEATURE_SET_PM_ENABLED=1
E: ID_ATA_SATA=1
E: ID_ATA_SATA_SIGNAL_RATE_GEN1=1
E: ID_ATA_PERIPHERAL_DEVICE_TYPE=5
E: ID_PATH=pci-0000:04:00.1-ata-2.0
E: ID_PATH_TAG=pci-0000_04_00_1-ata-2_0
E: ID_PATH_ATA_COMPAT=pci-0000:04:00.1-ata-2
E: ID_FS_VOLUME_ID=DVD-RW\x20backup
E: ID_FS_UUID=67587414000011bf
E: ID_FS_UUID_ENC=67587414000011bf
E: ID_FS_VOLUME_SET_ID=67587414000011BF
E: ID_FS_APPLICATION_ID=genisoimage
E: ID_FS_LABEL=DVD-RW_backup
E: ID_FS_LABEL_ENC=DVD-RW\x20backup
E: ID_FS_LOGICAL_VOLUME_ID=DVD-RW\x20backup
E: ID_FS_VERSION=1.02
E: ID_FS_BLOCKSIZE=2048
E: ID_FS_TYPE=udf
E: ID_FS_USAGE=filesystem
E: ID_FOR_SEAT=block-pci-0000_04_00_1-ata-2_0
E: DEVLINKS=/dev/disk/by-label/DVD-RW\x20backup /dev/disk/by-uuid/67587414000011bf /dev/disk/by-id/ata-ATAPI_iHAS122_W_3522540_207325501228 /dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:04:00.1-ata-2.0 /dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:>
E: TAGS=:systemd:uaccess:seat:
E: CURRENT_TAGS=:systemd:uaccess:seat:

2025 年 2 月 15 日版

问题似乎出在 RW 介质上。最近它又开始正常工作了：我可以读取德语课程的商业 CD、DVD-R 上录制的电影、从商店购买的音频 CD 等。但是当我插入 CD 或 DVD-RW 时，pktcdvd0会出现可怕的问题。

我做了一个测试，我使用 growisofs 将 ISO 刻录到 DVD-RW。它成功了，刻录没有问题。但是，刻录后，它没有自动弹出 DVD，并且无法读取刻录的 DVD，显示上面报告的相同错误。我无法读取任何其他媒体：音频 CD、德语课程等。该命令eject /dev/sr0不起作用，但驱动器弹出按钮始终有效。我不得不重置 PC，然后我才能读取其他媒体。

$ sudo cat /sys/kernel/debug/pktcdvd/pktcdvd0/info   
Writer pktcdvd0 mapped to sr0:

Settings:
    packet size:        0kB
    write type:     Packet
    packet type:        Variable
    link loss:      0
    track mode:     0
    block mode:     Unknown

Statistics:
    packets started:    0
    packets ended:      0
    written:        0kB
    read gather:        0kB
    read:           0kB

Misc:
    reference count:    2
    flags:          0x0
    read speed:     0kB/s
    write speed:        0kB/s
    start offset:       0
    mode page offset:   0

Queue state:
    bios queued:        0
    bios pending:       0
    current sector:     0x0
    state:          i:0 ow:0 rw:0 ww:0 rec:0 fin:0
    write congestion marks: off=9000 on=10000

此外，插入 CD/DVD-RW 后，它pktcdvd0永远不会消失（即使弹出 midia 后也是如此）。如果我想再次使用 CD 刻录机，则需要重新启动 PC。

在此示例中，DVD-RW 已被弹出：

$ lsblk
sr0          11:0    1   2,3G  0 rom  
└─pktcdvd0  252:0    1   2,3G  0 disk

$ sudo pktsetup -s      
 0 : 252:0 -> 11:0

$ sudo pktsetup -d 252:0                         
pktsetup: Error: Can't tear down packet device '252:0': Device or resource busy

2025 年 2 月 16 日版

发现同样的问题：

• Linux Mint 论坛：DVD+RW 无法弹出或安装的问题
• Linux.org：无法挂载或弹出 DVD+RW

Sciancisco 和我开发了Groff标记语言的语法高亮器，用于 Gedit、Pluma、Xed 等。我安装了它/usr/share/gtksourceview-4/language-specs/groff.lang，它一直运行良好，但现在我使用的是 Debian Trixie，它不再工作了。有什么线索吗？

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!--
COPYRIGHT:
==========
Gedit groff syntax highlight. A definition of the groff syntax for
GtkSourceView.

Copyright (C) 2022 - Daniel Dias Rodrigues. All rights reserved.
Copyright (C) 2020 - Sciancisco. All rights reserved.

This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by the Free
Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any
later version.

This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License along
with this library; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA.

AVAILABILITY:
=============
Originally available at:
    * https://gist.github.com/nerun/6f57b9a0dd6681d3ea9a5886e418e9b9

Sciancisco's version originally available at:
    * https://gitlab.com/-/snippets/1984415
    * https://gist.github.com/Sciancisco/d1f5f1ea50481633ee1a2d270416543b

CHANGES against Sciancisco's version:
=====================================
    * <language>
        * name: the "G" of "Groff" was capitalized.
    * <metadata>
        * mimetypes and globs: completely changed based upon "All known MIME
          types" and their filename patterns, available at
          https://www.digipres.org/formats/mime-types/
    * <definitions><context>
        * comment-new and comment-old: the "." (dot) was included as part of the
          comment. Added "\.".
-->
<language id="groff" name="Groff" version="2.0" _section="Markup">

    <metadata>
        <property name="mimetypes">application/x-troff;application/x-troff-man;text/troff</property>
        <property name="globs">*.1;*.2;*.3;*.4;*.5;*.6;*.7;*.8;*.groff;*.man;*.roff</property>
    </metadata>

    <styles>
        <style id="comment" name="Comment" map-to="def:comment"/>
        <style id="escaped-character" name="Escaped Character" map-to="def:special-char"/>
        <style id="macro" name="Macro" map-to="def:function"/>
        <style id="request" name="Request" map-to="def:builtin"/>
        <style id="preprocessor" name="Preprocessor Macro" map-to="def:preprocessor"/>
    </styles>

    <definitions>
        <context id="groff">
            <include>

            <context id="comment-new" style-ref="comment" class="comment">
                <start>\.\\#</start>
                <end>$</end>
            </context>

            <context id="comment-old" style-ref="comment" class="comment">
                <start>\.\\"</start>
                <end>$</end>
            </context>

            <!-- Here starts the escape sequences mimicking the groff spec.
            If one wants to implement the entire spec, have fun:
            https://web.cecs.pdx.edu/~trent/gnu/groff/groff.html#SEC52
            -->
            <context id="escape-bracket" style-ref="escaped-character" class="no-spell-check">
                <start>\\[[]</start>
                <end>[]]</end>
            </context>

            <context id="escape-bracket-parameter" style-ref="escaped-character" class="no-spell-check">
                <start>\\.[[]</start>
                <end>[]]</end>
            </context>

            <context id="escape-parenthesis" style-ref="escaped-character" class="no-spell-check">
                <match>\\[(]..</match>
            </context>

            <context id="escape-parenthesis-parameter" style-ref="escaped-character" class="no-spell-check">
                <match>\\.[(]..</match>
            </context>

            <context id="escape-simple-parameter" style-ref="escaped-character" class="no-spell-check">
                <match>\\..</match>
            </context>

            <context id="escape-simple" style-ref="escaped-character" class="no-spell-check">
                <match>\\.</match>
            </context>

            <!-- Highlight preprocessors -->
            <!-- Maybe add preprocessor syntax coloring. -->
            <!-- Many preprocessors are missing. -->
            <context id="eqn" style-ref="preprocessor" class="no-spell-check">
            <!-- Could be nice to add in line highlight with "delim" eqn command -->
                <start>^\.EQ(\s|$)</start>
                <end>^\.EN</end>
            </context>

            <context id="pic" style-ref="preprocessor" class="no-spell-check">
                <start>^\.PS(\s|$)</start>
                <end>^\.PE</end>
            </context>

            <context id="tbl" style-ref="preprocessor" class="no-spell-check">
                <start>^\.TS(\s|$)</start>
                <end>^\.TE</end>
            </context>

            <context id="chem" style-ref="preprocessor" class="no-spell-check">
                <start>^\.cstart(\s|$)</start>
                <end>^\.cend</end>
            </context>

            <context id="refer-opt" style-ref="preprocessor" class="no-spell-check">
                <start>^\.R1(\s|$)</start>
                <end>^\.R2</end>
            </context>

            <context id="refer-cite" style-ref="preprocessor">
                <start>^\.[[]</start>
                <end>^\.[]]</end>
            </context>

            <!-- General macro and request matching -->
            <context id="macro" style-ref="macro" class="no-spell-check">
                <match>^\.[A-Z0-9_]+</match>
            </context>

            <context id="request" style-ref="request" class="no-spell-ckeck">
                <match>^\.[a-z]+</match>
            </context>

            </include>
        </context>
    </definitions>

</language>

我正在编写一个 shell 脚本来将一些 DokuWiki 页面转换为 MediaWiki 格式，反之亦然。我在脚注方面遇到了一些麻烦。

DokuWiki 有一个插件，可以为 DokuWiki 的基本脚注标记添加扩展功能。其中之一是能够向笔记添加名称并在以后重复使用。例如：

使用sed可以轻松查找和替换。这是我的脚本与带有“注释名称”的脚注相关的命令：

sed -ri 's@\[\(.*>@<ref name=\"XXX\">@g' dokuwiki-page.txt
sed -ri 's@\)\]@<\/ref>@g' dokuwiki-page.txt

但是，当然，它不会保留名称，它只是将新的通用注释名称“XXX”应用于所有具有名称的注释。因此，在我上面的示例中，结果将是：

我需要帮助来保留注释名称（示例中的 FOO 和 BAR）。我确实接受除sed之外的其他解决方案。

重要笔记：

1. 脚注句子可以出现在段落的中间，并且多个带有脚注名称的引用可以出现在同一段落中但具有不同的名称。（又名 Unix 的“非常长的行”的段落）
2. 我无法拆分命令以[(在第一个命令中替换，>然后在第二个命令中替换，因为 MediaWiki 标记使用了太多的 html 标签（充满 和<）>。一个标签可能会被不正确地替换。
3. 有一些[(...)]没有>里面的。就像在 中[(This is a nameless note.)]而不是[(My_Note_Name>This is a named note.)].

我的情况非常具体，我是xmlstarlet的初学者。

我有一个如下所示的 XML 文件，其中包含数百个条目。

<netbooks>
  <file id="2">
    <date>2008-06-04 16:40</date>
    <author>Daniel</author>
    <name bytes="422904" hash="383a39b183">New name of - Just an example.pdf</nome>
    <name bytes="383135" hash="5a43dc3524">Just an example.pdf</nome>
  </file>
</netbooks>

其中root = 上网本标签。

问题

1. 我有文件哈希5a43dc3524，我想获取日期值，即2008-06-04 16:40。做到这一点最简单的方法是什么？
2. 另外，如何从文件元素中获取属性 id（即2）？再说一遍，我有哈希值，就这样。

在 BASH 中，打开CTRL+ X+ ，退出时，BASH 执行该命令。当我在 BASH 中运行++时，我确实需要在退出之前保存它。E$EDITORCTRLXE

CTRLZSH 中与 BASH 的++等效的是X什么E？

ZSH的Alt+是什么X？

我有一个 128GB Somnambulist SSD。我知道这个品牌是最糟糕的品牌之一。我使用 GNOME 磁盘实用程序测量了速度，它显示读/写速度为 420/340。

使用 Debian 12 加密 SSD 后，通过 GNOME Disk Utility 测量的读取速度下降至 13.5 MB/s！

这种速度下降是否正常，或者问题可能与 SSD 本身有关？