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willowen100's questions

Martin Hope
willowen100
Asked: 2019-07-28 06:52:20 +0800 CST
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如果我的理解是正确的，CA 就像一个父证书，用于验证已由 CA 证书签名的其他证书，而无需为 Web 服务（例如 FTP 服务器、Web 服务器、Nextcloud、OpenVPN）安装多个服务器证书服务器等？

我正在尝试创建一个 CA 证书，我可以将其分发到我的本地网络并通过 WAN 分发到朋友的网络上，以便当他们尝试访问我的一项服务时，可以安全地连接到该证书。例如，与其为我托管的每项服务提供几个证书，不如只给他们一个，即 CA 证书。

每个服务器证书都由 CA 不经意地签名，因此通过在他们的机器上安装一个 CA 证书，这将自动验证服务器证书，因为它首先是使用 CA 签名的。正确的？

问题是今天我尝试将 CA 证书安装到我的 Windows 客户端 PC 上，并尝试通过 HTTPS 访问我的 OpenMediaVault GUI，但我仍然收到不安全的警告屏幕。

下面的代码块显示了 CA 和服务器证书的整个创建过程。我将包含目录树的屏幕截图，以便您查看所有文件和文件夹。我还将包括配置文件的内容

我的指南

# Make OpenSSL Directory
mkdir ~/Desktop/OpenSSL

# Make Child Directories
mkdir -p ~/Desktop/OpenSSL/{ca,configs,"csr's",keys}

# Change Directory Into OpenSSL Directory
cd ~/Desktop/OpenSSL

# Create CA Certificate
openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:4096 -keyout ca/cakey.pem -out ca/cacert.pem -days 3650 -sha256 -nodes -config configs/ca_openssl.cnf

# Create serial file
echo '01' > serial

# Create index.txt
touch index.txt

##
### Create server certificates ###
##

# OpenMediaVault
openssl genrsa -out keys/OpenMediaVault.pem 4096
openssl req -new -key keys/OpenMediaVault.pem -config configs/openmediavault_openssl.cnf -out "csr's"/OpenMediaVault.csr

# OpenWrt
openssl genrsa -out keys/OpenWrt.pem 4096
openssl req -new -key keys/OpenWrt.pem -config configs/openwrt_openssl.cnf -out "csr's"/OpenWrt.csr

##
### Sign Server Certificates With CA ###
##

# OpenMediaVault
openssl x509 -req -CA ca/cacert.pem -CAkey ca/cakey.pem -in "csr's"/OpenMediaVault.csr -out certificates/OpenMediaVault.crt -extfile configs/openmediavault_openssl.cnf -extensions v3_req -CAserial serial

# OpenWrt
openssl x509 -req -CA ca/cacert.pem -CAkey ca/cakey.pem -in "csr's"/OpenWrt.csr -out certificates/OpenWrt.crt -extfile configs/openwrt_openssl.cnf -extensions v3_req -CAserial serial

# Convert PEM to CRT
openssl x509 -outform der -in ca/cacert.pem -out "My Custom CA".crt

# Convert PEM to PKCS12
openssl pkcs12 -export -out certificate.pfx -inkey ca/cakey.pem -in ca/cacert.pem -certfile CACert.crt

'ca_openssl.cnf'

[ ca ]
default_ca    = CA_default        # The default ca section

[ CA_default ]
dir                   = ~/Desktop/"OpenSSL Certificates"
certs               = $dir/certs
crl_dir               = $dir/crl
database           = $dir/index.txt
new_certs_dir       = $dir/newcerts
certificate        = $dir/cacert.pem
serial             = $dir/serial
crlnumber          = $dir/crlnumber
cr                 = $dir/crl.pem
private_key        = $dir/private/cakey.pem

[ req ]

# Don't prompt for the Domanin Name (DN). Use configured values instead.
# This Saves having to type in your DN each time.

prompt              = no
string_mask         = default
distinguished_name  = req_distinguished_name
x509_extensions     = v3_ca

# The size of the key in bits
default_bits    = 4096

[ req_distinguished_name ]
countryName             = GB
stateOrProvinceName     = SOME_PROVINCE
localityName            = SOME_CITY
organizationName        = domain
organizationalUnitName  = domain
commonName              = domain Certificate Authority
emailAddress            = [email protected]

[ v3_ca ]
# Extensions added to the request

basicConstraints = critical, CA:TRUE
keyUsage =         critical, keyCertSign, cRLSign

'openmediavault_openssl.cnf'

[ req ]

# Don't prompt for the Domanin Name (DN). Use configured values instead.
# This Saves having to type in your DN each time.

prompt              = no
string_mask         = default
distinguished_name  = req_distinguished_name
req_extensions      = v3_req

# The size of the key in bits
default_bits    = 4096

[ req_distinguished_name ]
countryName             = GB
stateOrProvinceName     = SOME_PROVINCE
localityName            = SOME_CITY
organizationName        = OpenMediaVault
organizationalUnitName  = OpenMediaVault
commonName              = OpenMediaVault.local

[ v3_req ]
# Extensions to add to a certificate request

basicConstraints = CA:FALSE
keyUsage = nonRepudiation, digitalSignature, keyEncipherment
subjectAltName = @alternative_names

[ alternative_names ]
DNS.0   = domain.com
IP.0    = 192.168.1.123

'openwrt_openssl.cnf'

[ req ]
# Don't prompt for the Domanin Name (DN). Use configured values instead.
# This Saves having to type in your DN each time.

prompt              = no
string_mask         = default
distinguished_name  = req_distinguished_name
req_extensions      = v3_req

# The size of the key in bits
default_bits    = 4096

[ req_distinguished_name ]
countryName             = GB
stateOrProvinceName     = SOME_PROVINCE
localityName            = SOME_CITY
organizationName        = OpenWrt
organizationalUnitName  = OpenWrt
commonName              = OpenWrt.local

[ v3_req ]
# Extensions to add to a certificate request

basicConstraints = CA:FALSE
keyUsage = nonRepudiation, digitalSignature, keyEncipherment
subjectAltName = @alternative_names

[ alternative_names ]
DNS.0   = domain.com
IP.0    = 192.168.1.1

目录树

我从“/certificates”目录安装了“OpenMediaVault.crt”，从“/keys”目录安装了“OpenMediaVault.pem”。

“certificate.pfx”文件是“我的指南”部分中最后一个命令的结果，并已导入 Windows certmgr。我使用带有 Firefox 认证选项的“我的自定义 CA.crt”文件。

我究竟做错了什么？

非常感谢

将要

更新 1

我想我已经找到了问题的原因。当我访问https://openmediavault.local（这是证书中设置的通用名称）时，我收到此消息“证书仅对以下名称有效：”我的屏幕上显示的两个（一个模糊了隐私）是我添加的subjectAltNames。为什么替代名称有效但 CN 无效？我从https://192.168.1.123访问它，我的 Firefox 地址栏中有一个绿色挂锁。 在此处输入图像描述

更新 2

只是为了让您知道我将 CN 添加到 subjectAltName 中，并且一切正常。

作为与 OpenSSL 相关的一个附带问题，我现在希望制作一些 OpenVPN 证书。使用 OpenSSL 制作的 CA 可以签署我的 OpenVPN 证书吗？

openssl certificates