Gooberpatrol66's questions

我有这条规则，当驱动器从系统中掉线时，它会运行一个脚本来向我发送电子邮件：

SUBSYSTEM=="block", ACTION=="remove", ENV{DEVTYPE}=="disk",\
    RUN="/usr/sbin/disk-monitor.sh $env{DEVNAME}"

这是脚本：

#!/bin/bash

echo "Dropout detected $(date)" | mail -s "WARNING: Drive $1 has dropped out!" logger@gentooserver

它会导致某些 cryptsetup 命令冻结，如“cryptsetup close”和“integritysetup format”。为什么会这样？

cryptsetup --debug close offline1
# cryptsetup 2.4.3 processing "cryptsetup --debug close offline1"
# Running command close.
# Locking memory.
# Installing SIGINT/SIGTERM handler.
# Unblocking interruption on signal.
# Allocating crypt device context by device offline1.
# Initialising device-mapper backend library.
# dm version   [ opencount flush ]   [16384] (*1)
# dm versions   [ opencount flush ]   [16384] (*1)
# Detected dm-ioctl version 4.47.0.
# Detected dm-crypt version 1.24.0.
# Detected dm-integrity version 1.10.0.
# Device-mapper backend running with UDEV support enabled.
# dm status offline1  [ opencount noflush ]   [16384] (*1)
# Releasing device-mapper backend.
# Trying to open and read device /dev/sdk1 with direct-io.
# Allocating context for crypt device /dev/sdk1.
# Trying to open and read device /dev/sdk1 with direct-io.
# Initialising device-mapper backend library.
# dm versions   [ opencount flush ]   [16384] (*1)
# dm table offline1  [ opencount flush securedata ]   [16384] (*1)
# Trying to open and read device /dev/sdk1 with direct-io.
# dm versions   [ opencount flush ]   [16384] (*1)
# dm deps offline1  [ opencount flush ]   [16384] (*1)
# Crypto backend (OpenSSL 1.1.1t  7 Feb 2023) initialized in cryptsetup library version 2.4.3.
# Detected kernel Linux 6.1.12-gentoo-x86_64 x86_64.
# Reloading LUKS2 header (repair disabled).
# Acquiring read lock for device /dev/sdk1.
# Opening lock resource file /run/cryptsetup/L_8:161
# Verifying lock handle for /dev/sdk1.
# Device /dev/sdk1 READ lock taken.
# Trying to read primary LUKS2 header at offset 0x0.
# Opening locked device /dev/sdk1
# Verifying locked device handle (bdev)
# LUKS2 header version 2 of size 16384 bytes, checksum sha256.
# Checksum:a4bc53825c88a45b53709738107a718a9c4f896dfef90951cfd9d9cfe68dd259 (on-disk)
# Checksum:a4bc53825c88a45b53709738107a718a9c4f896dfef90951cfd9d9cfe68dd259 (in-memory)
# Trying to read secondary LUKS2 header at offset 0x4000.
# Reusing open ro fd on device /dev/sdk1
# LUKS2 header version 2 of size 16384 bytes, checksum sha256.
# Checksum:ca42f7c96748267f126f3ab48536dee1a05525aa1db10a1feb85a5a60e3338e8 (on-disk)
# Checksum:ca42f7c96748267f126f3ab48536dee1a05525aa1db10a1feb85a5a60e3338e8 (in-memory)
# Device size 4000785964544, offset 16777216.
# Device /dev/sdk1 READ lock released.
# PBKDF argon2id, time_ms 2000 (iterations 0), max_memory_kb 1048576, parallel_threads 4.
# Deactivating volume offline1.
# dm versions   [ opencount flush ]   [16384] (*1)
# dm status offline1  [ opencount noflush ]   [16384] (*1)
# dm versions   [ opencount flush ]   [16384] (*1)
# dm table offline1  [ opencount flush securedata ]   [16384] (*1)
# Trying to open and read device /dev/sdk1 with direct-io.
# dm versions   [ opencount flush ]   [16384] (*1)
# dm deps offline1  [ opencount flush ]   [16384] (*1)
# dm versions   [ opencount flush ]   [16384] (*1)
# dm table offline1  [ opencount flush securedata ]   [16384] (*1)
# dm versions   [ opencount flush ]   [16384] (*1)
# Udev cookie 0xd4d82bf (semid 5) created
# Udev cookie 0xd4d82bf (semid 5) incremented to 1
# Udev cookie 0xd4d82bf (semid 5) incremented to 2
# Udev cookie 0xd4d82bf (semid 5) assigned to REMOVE task(2) with flags DISABLE_LIBRARY_FALLBACK         (0x20)
# dm remove offline1  [ opencount flush retryremove ]   [16384] (*1)
# Udev cookie 0xd4d82bf (semid 5) decremented to 1
# Udev cookie 0xd4d82bf (semid 5) waiting for zero //hangs here

开发日志：

Feb 26 18:51:38 gentoodesktop systemd-udevd[7823]: dm-2: Device is queued (SEQNUM=4516, ACTION=remove)
Feb 26 18:51:38 gentoodesktop systemd-udevd[7823]: dm-2: Device ready for processing (SEQNUM=4516, ACTION=remove)
Feb 26 18:51:38 gentoodesktop systemd-udevd[7823]: Successfully forked off 'n/a' as PID 8410.
Feb 26 18:51:38 gentoodesktop systemd-udevd[7823]: dm-2: Worker [8410] is forked for processing SEQNUM=4516.
Feb 26 18:51:38 gentoodesktop systemd-udevd[7823]: 252:2: Device is queued (SEQNUM=4517, ACTION=remove)
Feb 26 18:51:38 gentoodesktop systemd-udevd[7823]: 252:2: Device ready for processing (SEQNUM=4517, ACTION=remove)
Feb 26 18:51:38 gentoodesktop systemd-udevd[8410]: dm-2: Processing device (SEQNUM=4516, ACTION=remove)
Feb 26 18:51:38 gentoodesktop systemd-udevd[8410]: dm-2: Removing watch handle 50.
Feb 26 18:51:38 gentoodesktop systemd-udevd[7823]: Successfully forked off 'n/a' as PID 8411.
Feb 26 18:51:38 gentoodesktop systemd-udevd[7823]: 252:2: Worker [8411] is forked for processing SEQNUM=4517.
Feb 26 18:51:38 gentoodesktop systemd-udevd[7823]: dm-2: Device is queued (SEQNUM=4518, ACTION=remove)
Feb 26 18:51:38 gentoodesktop systemd-udevd[7823]: dm-2: SEQNUM=4518 blocked by SEQNUM=4516
Feb 26 18:51:38 gentoodesktop systemd-udevd[8410]: dm-2: /usr/lib/udev/rules.d/95-dm-notify.rules:12 RUN '/sbin/dmsetup udevcomplete $env{DM_COOKIE}'
Feb 26 18:51:38 gentoodesktop systemd-udevd[8410]: dm-2: /usr/lib/udev/rules.d/disk-monitor.rules:4 RUN '/usr/sbin/disk-monitor.sh $env{DEVNAME}'
Feb 26 18:51:38 gentoodesktop systemd-udevd[8410]: dm-2: No reference left for '/dev/mapper/offline1', removing
Feb 26 18:51:38 gentoodesktop systemd-udevd[8411]: 252:2: Processing device (SEQNUM=4517, ACTION=remove)
Feb 26 18:51:38 gentoodesktop systemd-udevd[8410]: dm-2: No reference left for '/dev/disk/by-id/dm-name-offline1', removing
Feb 26 18:51:38 gentoodesktop systemd-udevd[8410]: dm-2: No reference left for '/dev/disk/by-id/dm-uuid-CRYPT-LUKS2-f2eafcc2880e4d34afa3132486d1d6ae-offline1', removing
Feb 26 18:51:38 gentoodesktop systemd-udevd[8410]: dm-2: No reference left for '/dev/disk/by-uuid/5d5633e2-2f7c-49de-babf-f3ed263a3c8b', removing
Feb 26 18:51:38 gentoodesktop systemd-udevd[8410]: dm-2: Running command "/usr/sbin/disk-monitor.sh /dev/dm-2"
Feb 26 18:51:38 gentoodesktop systemd-udevd[8410]: dm-2: Starting '/usr/sbin/disk-monitor.sh /dev/dm-2'
Feb 26 18:51:38 gentoodesktop systemd-udevd[8410]: Successfully forked off '(spawn)' as PID 8412.
Feb 26 18:51:38 gentoodesktop systemd-udevd[8411]: 252:2: Device processed (SEQNUM=4517, ACTION=remove)
Feb 26 18:51:38 gentoodesktop systemd-udevd[8411]: 252:2: sd-device-monitor(worker): Passed 167 byte to netlink monitor.
Feb 26 18:51:38 gentoodesktop systemd-udevd[8410]: dm-2: Process '/usr/sbin/disk-monitor.sh /dev/dm-2' succeeded.
Feb 26 18:51:38 gentoodesktop systemd-udevd[8410]: dm-2: Device processed (SEQNUM=4516, ACTION=remove)
Feb 26 18:51:38 gentoodesktop systemd-udevd[8410]: dm-2: sd-device-monitor(worker): Passed 963 byte to netlink monitor.
Feb 26 18:51:38 gentoodesktop systemd-udevd[7823]: dm-2: Device ready for processing (SEQNUM=4518, ACTION=remove)
Feb 26 18:51:38 gentoodesktop systemd-udevd[7823]: dm-2: sd-device-monitor(manager): Passed 230 byte to netlink monitor.
Feb 26 18:51:38 gentoodesktop systemd-udevd[8410]: dm-2: Processing device (SEQNUM=4518, ACTION=remove)
Feb 26 18:51:38 gentoodesktop systemd-udevd[8410]: dm-2: Removing watch handle -1.
Feb 26 18:51:38 gentoodesktop systemd-udevd[8410]: dm-2: /usr/lib/udev/rules.d/disk-monitor.rules:4 RUN '/usr/sbin/disk-monitor.sh $env{DEVNAME}'
Feb 26 18:51:38 gentoodesktop systemd-udevd[8410]: dm-2: Running command "/usr/sbin/disk-monitor.sh /dev/dm-2"
Feb 26 18:51:38 gentoodesktop systemd-udevd[8410]: dm-2: Starting '/usr/sbin/disk-monitor.sh /dev/dm-2'
Feb 26 18:51:38 gentoodesktop systemd-udevd[8410]: Successfully forked off '(spawn)' as PID 8419.
Feb 26 18:51:38 gentoodesktop systemd-udevd[8410]: dm-2: Process '/usr/sbin/disk-monitor.sh /dev/dm-2' succeeded.
Feb 26 18:51:38 gentoodesktop systemd-udevd[8410]: dm-2: Device processed (SEQNUM=4518, ACTION=remove)
Feb 26 18:51:38 gentoodesktop systemd-udevd[8410]: dm-2: sd-device-monitor(worker): Passed 230 byte to netlink monitor.
Feb 26 18:51:38 gentoodesktop systemd-udevd[7823]: No events are queued, removing /run/udev/queue.
Feb 26 18:51:42 gentoodesktop systemd-udevd[7823]: Cleanup idle workers
Feb 26 18:51:42 gentoodesktop systemd-udevd[8411]: Unload kernel module index.
Feb 26 18:51:42 gentoodesktop systemd-udevd[8410]: Unload kernel module index.
Feb 26 18:51:42 gentoodesktop systemd-udevd[8410]: Unloaded link configuration context.
Feb 26 18:51:42 gentoodesktop systemd-udevd[8411]: Unloaded link configuration context.
Feb 26 18:51:42 gentoodesktop systemd-udevd[7823]: Worker [8411] exited.
Feb 26 18:51:42 gentoodesktop systemd-udevd[7823]: Worker [8410] exited.
Feb 26 18:51:46 gentoodesktop systemd-udevd[7823]: Cleanup idle workers

接收机器上的 nc -l -u 6666 没有收到来自 netconsole 的消息。

通过执行“echo test > /dev/kmsg”进行测试

我可以通过在 netconsole 机器上执行“nc -u 10.0.0.192 6666”来连接 netcat

“sudo tcpdump -i wlp170s0 -n -e port 6666” 在侦听机器上不输出任何内容

网络控制台选项：

modprobe netconsole [email protected]/enp8s0,[email protected]/54:14:f3:52:82:94 oops_only=0

netconsole 机器上的 ifconfig：

enp8s0    Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 70:85:C2:D7:65:F3
          inet addr:10.0.0.42  Bcast:10.0.0.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:1032 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:791 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:95338  TX bytes:230456

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Bcast:0.0.0.0  Mask:255.0.0.0
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:0  TX bytes:0

监听机器上的ifconfig：

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:65536  Metric:1
          RX packets:400 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:400 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:46289  TX bytes:46289

nfs       Link encap:(hwtype unknown)
          inet addr:10.8.0.3  P-t-P:10.8.0.3  Mask:255.255.255.0
          UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP  MTU:1420  Metric:1
          RX packets:7418 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:22098 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:1806372  TX bytes:26188072

wlp170s0  Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 54:14:F3:52:82:94
          inet addr:10.0.0.192  Bcast:10.0.0.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:2771549 errors:0 dropped:54 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:1029444 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:3024953926  TX bytes:153598327

这是外壳的 PID：

nathan@guixlaptop ~ $ $$
bash: 10984: command not found

我导出一个环境变量：

nathan@guixlaptop ~ $ export TESTVAR=test

在 shell 的环境中找不到该变量：

nathan@guixlaptop ~ $ cat /proc/10984/environ | grep TESTVAR || echo "fail"
fail

如何使变量出现在环境中？

我正在尝试在虚拟机中运行 gnu screen。要创建一个新的屏幕窗口，我按 ctrl+ac，但这个组合键会显示 qemu 监视器。如何将这些击键发送给客人？

你可以在下面看到，bond 有两个 ipv6 地址，2603:8080:4540:7cfb::13fc 和 2603:8080:4540:7cfb:4866:4bff:fe44:a988。这让我认为 systemd-networkd 无法将绑定视为单个接口。

root@gentooserver /etc/systemd/network # networkctl
IDX LINK  TYPE      OPERATIONAL SETUP     
  1 lo    loopback  carrier     unmanaged
  2 eno1  ether     enslaved    configured
  3 eno2  ether     enslaved    configured
  4 bond1 bond      routable    configured
  5 wg0   wireguard routable    unmanaged

5 links listed.

root@gentooserver /etc/systemd/network # networkctl status bond1
● 4: bond1                                                                               
                     Link File: /lib/systemd/network/99-default.link
                  Network File: /etc/systemd/network/master.network
                          Type: bond
                         State: routable (configured)
                  Online state: online                                                   
                        Driver: bonding
                    HW Address: 4a:66:4b:44:a9:88
                           MTU: 1500 (min: 68, max: 65535)
                         QDisc: noqueue
  IPv6 Address Generation Mode: eui64
                          Mode: 802.3ad
                        Miimon: 10s
                       Updelay: 20s
                     Downdelay: 1min 20s
          Queue Length (Tx/Rx): 16/16
              Auto negotiation: no
                         Speed: 1Gbps
                        Duplex: full
                       Address: 10.0.0.46 (DHCP4 via 10.0.0.1)
                                2603:8080:4540:7cfb::13fc
                                2603:8080:4540:7cfb:4866:4bff:fe44:a988
                                fe80::4866:4bff:fe44:a988
                       Gateway: 10.0.0.1
                                fe80::96de:80ff:fea8:8096 (GIGA-BYTE TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD.)
                                fe80::a263:91ff:fe7c:32a2 (NETGEAR)
                           DNS: 10.0.0.1
                                2603:8080:4540:7cfb:96de:80ff:fea8:8096
                Search Domains: dehnel.info
              Carrier Bound To: eno1
                                eno2
             Activation Policy: bound
           Required For Online: yes
               DHCP4 Client ID: IAID:0x8db4800/DUID
             DHCP6 Client IAID: 0x8db4800
             DHCP6 Client DUID: DUID-EN/Vendor:0000ab11abc83a896377c51f0000

Sep 29 17:35:35 gentooserver systemd-networkd[2235623]: bond1: Link UP
Sep 29 17:35:35 gentooserver systemd-networkd[2235623]: bond1: Gained carrier
Sep 29 17:35:35 gentooserver systemd-networkd[2235623]: bond1: Lost carrier
Sep 29 17:35:35 gentooserver systemd-networkd[2235623]: bond1: DHCPv6 lease lost
Sep 29 17:35:35 gentooserver systemd-networkd[2235623]: bond1: Link DOWN
Sep 29 17:35:38 gentooserver systemd-networkd[2235623]: bond1: Link UP
Sep 29 17:35:38 gentooserver systemd-networkd[2235623]: bond1: Gained carrier
Sep 29 17:35:40 gentooserver systemd-networkd[2235623]: bond1: Gained IPv6LL
Sep 29 17:35:42 gentooserver systemd-networkd[2235623]: bond1: DHCPv4 address 10.0.0.46/24 via 10.0.0.1
Sep 29 17:35:43 gentooserver systemd-networkd[2235623]: bond1: DHCPv6 address 2603:8080:4540:7cfb::13fc/128 (valid for 2h, preferred for 1h 15min)

root@gentooserver /etc/systemd/network # tail *
==> bond1.netdev <==
Name=bond1
Kind=bond

[Bond]
Mode=802.3ad
MIIMonitorSec=1s
LACPTransmitRate=fast
TransmitHashPolicy=layer2
UpDelaySec=2s
DownDelaySec=8s

==> eno1.network <==
[Match]
Name=eno1

[Network]
Bond=bond1

==> eno2.network <==
[Match]
Name=eno2

[Network]
Bond=bond1

==> master.network <==
IPv6AcceptRA=yes

[Link]
Multicast=yes

[DHCPv4]
UseDomains=true

[IPv6AcceptRA]
UseDomains=yes

root@gentooserver /etc/systemd/network # ifconfig
bond1: flags=5187<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MASTER,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 10.0.0.46  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 10.0.0.255
        inet6 fe80::4866:4bff:fe44:a988  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        inet6 2603:8080:4540:7cfb::13fc  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x0<global>
        inet6 2603:8080:4540:7cfb:4866:4bff:fe44:a988  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x0<global>
        ether 4a:66:4b:44:a9:88  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 179330571  bytes 26132404875 (24.3 GiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 914092  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 1543646148  bytes 2313271455798 (2.1 TiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 5 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

eno1: flags=6211<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SLAVE,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        ether 4a:66:4b:44:a9:88  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 2371371  bytes 200785874 (191.4 MiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 911837  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 60668  bytes 7644831 (7.2 MiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
        device memory 0xfae00000-fae7ffff  

eno2: flags=6211<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SLAVE,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        ether 4a:66:4b:44:a9:88  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 176959198  bytes 25931618869 (24.1 GiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 869  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 1543585480  bytes 2313263810967 (2.1 TiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
        device memory 0xfad00000-fad7ffff  

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
        loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 3334928  bytes 580238437 (553.3 MiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 3334928  bytes 580238437 (553.3 MiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

wg0: flags=209<UP,POINTOPOINT,RUNNING,NOARP>  mtu 1420
        inet 192.168.2.1  netmask 255.255.255.0  destination 192.168.2.1
        inet6 fd86:ea04:1111::1  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x0<global>
        unspec 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00  txqueuelen 1000  (UNSPEC)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 18363  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

ip具有相同的MAC地址，这让我认为绑定正在工作：

ip -6 neigh show | grep 2603:8080:4540:7cfb::13fc
2603:8080:4540:7cfb::13fc dev wlp170s0 lladdr 4a:66:4b:44:a9:88 router REACHABLE
ip -6 neigh show | grep 2603:8080:4540:7cfb:4866:4bff:fe44:a988
2603:8080:4540:7cfb:4866:4bff:fe44:a988 dev wlp170s0 lladdr 4a:66:4b:44:a9:88 router REACHABLE

根据设置 bcache 的说明：

echo cset.uuid > /sys/block/bcache0/bcache/attach

怎么了：

root@gentooserver ~ # echo 45511b33-6bb8-42d5-a255-3de1749f8dda > /sys/block/bcache0/bcache/attach
-su: echo: write error: Invalid argument

nathan@gentoodesktop ~/Documents $ mkdir test
nathan@gentoodesktop ~/Documents $ mkdir te*/test
mkdir: cannot create directory 'te*/test': No such file or directory
nathan@gentoodesktop ~/Documents $ cd te*
nathan@gentoodesktop ~/Documents/test $ mkdir test
nathan@gentoodesktop ~/Documents/test $ ls 
test

绑定设置：

root@gentooserver /etc/systemd/network # tail -n +1 *
==> bond1.netdev <==
[NetDev]
Name=bond1
Kind=bond

[Bond]
Mode=802.3ad
MIIMonitorSec=1s
LACPTransmitRate=fast
TransmitHashPolicy=layer2
UpDelaySec=2s
DownDelaySec=8s

==> bond1.network <==
[Match]
Name=bond1

[Network]
BindCarrier=eno1 eno2

==> eno1.network <==
[Match]
Name=eno1

[Network]
Bond=bond1
DHCP=no

==> eno2.network <==
[Match]
Name=eno2

[Network]
Bond=bond1
DHCP=no

==> master.network <==
[Match]
Name=bond1

[Network]
DHCP=yes
UseDNS=true 

绑定和两个从属被列为具有相同的 IP4 地址：

root@gentooserver /etc/systemd/network # ifconfig
bond0: flags=5123<UP,BROADCAST,MASTER,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        ether a6:9c:13:85:9a:c1  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

bond1: flags=5187<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MASTER,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 10.0.0.45  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 10.0.0.255
        inet6 fe80::1974:cfdd:ab17:6686  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        inet6 2605:6000:1020:395:93b1:9356:17cb:7937  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x0<global>
        inet6 2605:6000:1020:395::13fc  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x0<global>
        inet6 2605:6000:1020:395:4866:4bff:fe44:a988  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x0<global>
        ether 4a:66:4b:44:a9:88  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 22160  bytes 2917664 (2.7 MiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 7431  bytes 778961 (760.7 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 1 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

eno1: flags=6211<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SLAVE,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 10.0.0.45  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 10.0.0.255
        ether 4a:66:4b:44:a9:88  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 9361  bytes 1339502 (1.2 MiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 2928  bytes 147234 (143.7 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
        device memory 0xfb200000-fb27ffff 

eno2: flags=6211<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SLAVE,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 10.0.0.45  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 10.0.0.255
        ether 4a:66:4b:44:a9:88  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 12799  bytes 1578162 (1.5 MiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 4503  bytes 631727 (616.9 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
        device memory 0xfb100000-fb17ffff 

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
        loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 3198  bytes 391535 (382.3 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 3198  bytes 391535 (382.3 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

ping4 不起作用，ping6 起作用：

root@gentooserver /etc/systemd/network # ping4 google.com
PING google.com (74.125.136.139) 56(84) bytes of data.
From gentooserver.dehnel.info (10.0.0.45) icmp_seq=1 Destination Host Unreachable
From gentooserver.dehnel.info (10.0.0.45) icmp_seq=2 Destination Host Unreachable
From gentooserver.dehnel.info (10.0.0.45) icmp_seq=3 Destination Host Unreachable
^C
--- google.com ping statistics ---
4 packets transmitted, 0 received, +3 errors, 100% packet loss, time 67ms
pipe 4
root@gentooserver /etc/systemd/network # ping6 google.com
PING google.com(atl26s15-in-x0e.1e100.net (2607:f8b0:4002:812::200e)) 56 data bytes
64 bytes from atl26s15-in-x0e.1e100.net (2607:f8b0:4002:812::200e): icmp_seq=1 ttl=51 time=52.6 ms
64 bytes from atl26s15-in-x0e.1e100.net (2607:f8b0:4002:812::200e): icmp_seq=2 ttl=51 time=52.4 ms
^C
--- google.com ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 2ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 52.415/52.518/52.622/0.251 ms

从站被列为“可路由的”：

root@gentooserver /etc/systemd/network # networkctl
IDX LINK             TYPE               OPERATIONAL      SETUP     
  1 lo               loopback           carrier          unmanaged
  2 eno1             ether              routable         configured
  3 eno2             ether              routable         configured
  4 bond0            bond               no-carrier       unmanaged
  5 bond1            bond               routable         configured

5 links listed. 

根据文档，它们应该被列为“被奴役”：https ://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/networkctl.html

该目录不会删除。

gentooserver ~ # rmdir /ceph
rmdir: failed to remove '/ceph': Operation not permitted

我是根。

gentooserver ~ # whoami
root

该目录归 root 所有，我有权写入它。

gentooserver ~ # ls -la /ceph
total 16
drwxrwx--x 1 root root   0 Jan 11  2018 .
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 176 Sep 28 16:51 ..

目录上没有设置任何属性。

gentooserver ~ # lsattr -d /ceph
------------------ /ceph

没有进程正在使用该目录。

gentooserver ~ # fuser /ceph

那里没有安装任何东西。

gentooserver ~ # umount /ceph
umount: /ceph: not mounted.

SELinux 已禁用。挂载命令：

gentooserver ~ # mount
proc on /proc type proc (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
none on /run type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,mode=755)
udev on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,nosuid,relatime,size=10240k,nr_inodes=2039250,mode=755)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,relatime,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=000)
tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
/dev/sda3 on / type btrfs (rw,relatime,lazytime,compress=lzo,ssd,discard,space_cache,subvolid=5,subvol=/)
tmpfs on /sys/fs/cgroup type tmpfs (ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,mode=755)
cgroup2 on /sys/fs/cgroup/unified type cgroup2 (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,nsdelegate)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/systemd type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,xattr,name=systemd)
pstore on /sys/fs/pstore type pstore (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
efivarfs on /sys/firmware/efi/efivars type efivarfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
bpf on /sys/fs/bpf type bpf (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,mode=700)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/cpu,cpuacct type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,cpu,cpuacct)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/memory type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,memory)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/devices type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,devices)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/freezer type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,freezer)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/pids type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,pids)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/perf_event type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,perf_event)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/cpuset type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,cpuset)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/blkio type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,blkio)
systemd-1 on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type autofs (rw,relatime,fd=28,pgrp=1,timeout=0,minproto=5,maxproto=5,direct,pipe_ino=1717)
mqueue on /dev/mqueue type mqueue (rw,relatime)
configfs on /sys/kernel/config type configfs (rw,relatime)
tmpfs on /tmp type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev)
debugfs on /sys/kernel/debug type debugfs (rw,relatime)
fusectl on /sys/fs/fuse/connections type fusectl (rw,relatime)
nfsd on /proc/fs/nfsd type nfsd (rw,relatime)
/dev/sda2 on /boot type vfat (rw,relatime,lazytime,fmask=0022,dmask=0022,codepage=437,iocharset=iso8859-1,shortname=mixed,errors=remount-ro)
/dev/sdf on /mnt/store type btrfs (rw,noatime,space_cache,autodefrag,subvolid=5,subvol=/)
sunrpc on /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs type rpc_pipefs (rw,relatime)
tmpfs on /run/user/1000 type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,size=1632152k,mode=700,uid=1000,gid=1000)

我正在尝试为目录中的每个文件创建一个目录。

mkdir *

返回文件存在。所以我尝试

mkdir *.d

它创建了一个名为“*.d”的目录。如何强制通配符扩展？

我有一个 raid10 btrfs 卷。当我通过 UUID 挂载它时，挂载失败，我被引导到紧急模式。当我通过驱动器号 (/dev/sdb/) 安装它时，服务器启动正常。为什么会这样？

fstab:
/dev/sda2               /boot       vfat    defaults,noatime            0 2
/dev/sda3               /       btrfs   discard,ssd,compress=lzo,noatime    0 0
#e1ee5980-c54b-4b6e-82e2-3dbdcee1dd24   /mnt/store  btrfs   noatime                 0 0
/dev/sdb                /mnt/store  btrfs   noatime                 0 0

gentooserver ~ # btrfs fi show
Label: none  uuid: a782a62a-ffde-49b1-a680-0afeb9cdab0b
    Total devices 1 FS bytes used 6.64GiB
    devid    1 size 55.77GiB used 13.01GiB path /dev/sda3

Label: none  uuid: e1ee5980-c54b-4b6e-82e2-3dbdcee1dd24
    Total devices 10 FS bytes used 868.45GiB
    devid    1 size 931.51GiB used 174.40GiB path /dev/sdb
    devid    2 size 931.51GiB used 174.40GiB path /dev/sdc
    devid    3 size 931.51GiB used 174.40GiB path /dev/sdd
    devid    4 size 931.51GiB used 174.40GiB path /dev/sde
    devid    5 size 931.51GiB used 174.40GiB path /dev/sdf
    devid    6 size 931.51GiB used 174.40GiB path /dev/sdg
    devid    7 size 931.51GiB used 174.40GiB path /dev/sdh
    devid    8 size 931.51GiB used 174.40GiB path /dev/sdi
    devid    9 size 931.51GiB used 174.40GiB path /dev/sdj
    devid   10 size 931.51GiB used 174.40GiB path /dev/sdk

卷上的实际数据似乎完好无损。btrfs 检查没有返回错误。systemctl status 没有返回有关错误的信息。