AbstProcDo's questions

运行dmesg -T检查便携式磁盘和结果

[Fri Aug 30 21:31:24 2019] usb 2-1: New USB device found, idVendor=1058, idProduct=07a8, bcdDevice=10.42
[Fri Aug 30 21:31:24 2019] usb 2-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3
[Fri Aug 30 21:31:24 2019] usb 2-1: Product: My Passport 07A8
[Fri Aug 30 21:31:24 2019] usb 2-1: Manufacturer: Western Digital
[Fri Aug 30 21:31:24 2019] usb 2-1: SerialNumber: 57584E314535335953313736
[Fri Aug 30 21:31:24 2019] usb-storage 2-1:1.0: USB Mass Storage device detected
[Fri Aug 30 21:31:24 2019] scsi host1: usb-storage 2-1:1.0
[Fri Aug 30 21:31:25 2019] scsi 1:0:0:0: Direct-Access     WD       My Passport 07A8 1042 PQ: 0 ANSI: 6
[Fri Aug 30 21:31:25 2019] scsi 1:0:0:1: Enclosure         WD       SES Device       1042 PQ: 0 ANSI: 6
[Fri Aug 30 21:31:29 2019] xhci_hcd 0000:00:14.0: Timeout while waiting for setup device command
[Fri Aug 30 21:31:29 2019] sd 1:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg1 type 0
[Fri Aug 30 21:31:29 2019] ses 1:0:0:1: Attached Enclosure device
[Fri Aug 30 21:31:29 2019] ses 1:0:0:1: Attached scsi generic sg2 type 13
[Fri Aug 30 21:31:29 2019] sd 1:0:0:0: [sdb] Spinning up disk...
[Fri Aug 30 21:31:30 2019] .
[Fri Aug 30 21:31:35 2019] xhci_hcd 0000:00:14.0: Timeout while waiting for setup device command
[Fri Aug 30 21:31:35 2019] ses 1:0:0:1: Failed to get diagnostic page 0x1
[Fri Aug 30 21:31:35 2019] ses 1:0:0:1: Failed to bind enclosure -19
[Fri Aug 30 21:31:35 2019] usb 2-3: device not accepting address 31, error -62
[Fri Aug 30 21:31:36 2019] .
[Fri Aug 30 21:31:40 2019] xhci_hcd 0000:00:14.0: Timeout while waiting for setup device command
[Fri Aug 30 21:31:40 2019] ready
[Fri Aug 30 21:31:46 2019] xhci_hcd 0000:00:14.0: Timeout while waiting for setup device command
[Fri Aug 30 21:31:46 2019] usb 2-3: device not accepting address 32, error -62
[Fri Aug 30 21:31:46 2019] usb usb2-port3: attempt power cycle
[Fri Aug 30 21:31:52 2019] xhci_hcd 0000:00:14.0: Timeout while waiting for setup device command
[Fri Aug 30 21:31:58 2019] xhci_hcd 0000:00:14.0: Timeout while waiting for setup device command
[Fri Aug 30 21:31:58 2019] usb 2-3: device not accepting address 33, error -62
[Fri Aug 30 21:32:03 2019] xhci_hcd 0000:00:14.0: Timeout while waiting for setup device command
[Fri Aug 30 21:32:09 2019] xhci_hcd 0000:00:14.0: Timeout while waiting for setup device command
[Fri Aug 30 21:32:09 2019] usb 2-3: device not accepting address 34, error -62
[Fri Aug 30 21:32:09 2019] usb usb2-port3: unable to enumerate USB device
[Fri Aug 30 21:34:40 2019] sd 1:0:0:0: timing out command, waited 180s
[Fri Aug 30 21:37:40 2019] sd 1:0:0:0: timing out command, waited 180s

是否损坏？可能或不修复它？

运行lsblk或fdisk -l时不显示。

我尝试使用sort -h

algorithms@algorithms:~$ ls -lh /boot | sort -h
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4.0K Dec 28 16:19 grub
-rw------- 1 root root 4.2M Dec  5 13:10 System.map-4.18.0-13-generic
-rw------- 1 root root 4.2M Nov 14 21:30 System.map-4.18.0-12-generic
-rw------- 1 root root 8.2M Dec  5 13:11 vmlinuz-4.18.0-13-generic
-rw------- 1 root root 8.2M Nov 14 21:50 vmlinuz-4.18.0-12-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1.5M Nov 14 21:30 abi-4.18.0-12-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 179K Jan 28  2016 memtest86+.bin
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   17 Nov 14 21:30 retpoline-4.18.0-12-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 181K Jan 28  2016 memtest86+.elf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 181K Jan 28  2016 memtest86+_multiboot.bin
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 212K Dec  5 13:10 config-4.18.0-13-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 212K Nov 14 21:30 config-4.18.0-12-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  38M Dec 18 15:47 initrd.img-4.18.0-12-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  38M Dec 28 16:25 initrd.img-4.18.0-13-generic

但是，它没有合理排序。

参考手册：

   -h, --human-numeric-sort
          compare human readable numbers (e.g., 2K 1G)

我的使用有什么问题？

我从指令中阅读了以下句子

进程 ID 0通常是调度程序进程，通常称为交换器。磁盘上没有程序对应于这个进程，它是内核的一部分，被称为系统进程。进程 ID 1通常是 init 进程，并在引导过程结束时由内核调用。

检查进程：

$ pstree -p $$ 
-+= 00001 root /sbin/launchd
 \-+= 00264 me /Applications/Utilities/Terminal.app/Contents/MacOS/Terminal -psn_0_53261
   \-+= 00365 root login -pfl me /bin/bash -c exec -la bash /usr/local/bin/bash
     \-+= 00366 me -bash
       |-+= 06305 me pstree -p 366
       | \--- 06307 root ps -axwwo user,pid,ppid,pgid,command

可以找到进程 1 但进程 0 在哪里？

我正在研究 macOS 并在 cc 上尝试了 size 命令

$ which cc
/usr/bin/cc

它不能正常工作

$ size /usr/bin/cc
size: /usr/bin/cc: unknown load command 0x32
size: /usr/bin/cc: unknown load command 0x32
size: /usr/bin/cc: unknown load command 0x32
size: /usr/bin/cc: file format not recognized

$ size /bin/ls
size: /bin/ls: unknown load command 0x32
size: /bin/ls: unknown load command 0x32
size: /bin/ls: unknown load command 0x32
size: /bin/ls: file format not recognized

并且尺寸是最新版本

$ size --version
GNU size (GNU Binutils) 2.31.1
Copyright (C) 2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This program is free software; you may redistribute it under the terms of
the GNU General Public License version 3 or (at your option) any later version.
This program has absolutely no warranty.

但是在 Centos 上

[root@iz2ze9wve43n2nyuvmsfx5z ~]# size /usr/bin/cc
   text    data     bss     dec     hex filename
 754853    8488   81856  845197   ce58d /usr/bin/cc

命令大小有什么问题？

$ file /usr/bin/cc
/usr/bin/cc: Mach-O 64-bit executable x86_64


$ size --help
Usage: size [option(s)] [file(s)]
 Displays the sizes of sections inside binary files
 If no input file(s) are specified, a.out is assumed
 The options are:
  -A|-B     --format={sysv|berkeley}  Select output style (default is berkeley)
  -o|-d|-x  --radix={8|10|16}         Display numbers in octal, decimal or hex
  -t        --totals                  Display the total sizes (Berkeley only)
            --common                  Display total size for *COM* syms
            --target=<bfdname>        Set the binary file format
            @<file>                   Read options from <file>
  -h        --help                    Display this information
  -v        --version                 Display the program's version

这行得通

me at Max-2018 in ~/desktop
$ /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/bin/size /usr/bin/cc
__TEXT  __DATA  __OBJC  others  dec hex
4096    4096    0   4294979584  4294987776  100005000   


$ ls /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/bin | grep size
llvm-size
size
size-classic

我试过手指并找到了一个计划

$ finger $USER
Login: me                   Name: me
Directory: /Users/me                Shell: /usr/local/bin/bash
On since Tue Nov 13 07:33 (CST) on console, idle 1 day 9:44 (messages off)
On since Tue Nov 13 07:33 (CST) on ttys001
No Mail.
No Plan.

在最后，有No Mail和No Plan

我知道 Mail in/var/mail并且有一个命令$ which mail /usr/bin/mail

计划怎么样，我在哪里可以找到它。

我试图找到文件并将它们移动到另一个文件夹

$ find ~ -iregex ".*cheat.*\.pdf" -exec mv "{}" cheatSheet +
find: missing argument to `-exec'

但是，测试有效

find ~ -iregex ".*cheat.*\.pdf" -exec echo {} +

我的使用有什么问题？

检查pstree时

$ pstree -g 2 -p $$ | sed "s/$USER/me/g"
─┬◆ 00001 root /sbin/launchd
 └─┬◆ 00277 me /Applications/Utilities/Terminal.app/Contents/MacOS/Terminal -psn_0_40970
   └─┬◆ 00360 root login -pfl me /bin/bash -c exec -la bash /usr/local/bin/bash
     └─┬◆ 00368 me -bash
       ├─┬◆ 03968 me pstree -g 2 -p 368
       │ └─── 03970 root ps -axwwo user,pid,ppid,pgid,command
       └─── 03969 me sed s/me/me/g

我发现root /sbin/launchd是0001号进程，是不是/sbin/launchd开机就运行？

who当我在 bash 终端中发出命令时：

$ who
me   console      2018-11-09 07:13
me   ttys000      2018-11-09 07:13
me   ttys001      2018-11-09 07:13

手册指出：

who - 显示谁登录了
打印有关当前登录用户的信息。

我在两个终端 ttys000 和 ttys001 上工作。

console上面的输出是什么意思？

当我运行命令时

$ nproc --all
4

DESCRIPTION 打印当前进程可用的处理单元数，可能小于在线处理器数

它陈述了current process和的概念online processors，

如果用ps，输出13个进程

$ ps | sed '1d' | nl
     1    363 ttys000    0:01.09 -bash
     2  12779 ttys000    0:00.00 sed 1d
     3  12780 ttys000    0:00.00 nl
     4  12781 ttys000    0:00.00 sed s/me/me/g
     5    397 ttys001    0:00.26 -bash
     6  10088 ttys001    0:00.01 man bg
     7  10089 ttys001    0:00.01 sh -c (cd '/usr/share/man' && (echo ".ll 10.2i"; echo ".nr LL 10.2i"; /bin/cat '/usr/share/man/man1/builtin.1') | /usr/bin/tbl | /usr/bin/groff -Wall -mtty-char -Tascii -mandoc -c | (/usr/bin/less -is || true))
     8  10090 ttys001    0:00.01 sh -c (cd '/usr/share/man' && (echo ".ll 10.2i"; echo ".nr LL 10.2i"; /bin/cat '/usr/share/man/man1/builtin.1') | /usr/bin/tbl | /usr/bin/groff -Wall -mtty-char -Tascii -mandoc -c | (/usr/bin/less -is || true))
     9  10095 ttys001    0:00.00 sh -c (cd '/usr/share/man' && (echo ".ll 10.2i"; echo ".nr LL 10.2i"; /bin/cat '/usr/share/man/man1/builtin.1') | /usr/bin/tbl | /usr/bin/groff -Wall -mtty-char -Tascii -mandoc -c | (/usr/bin/less -is || true))
    10  10096 ttys001    0:00.01 /usr/bin/less -is
    11    374 ttys002    0:00.21 -bash
    12    438 ttys003    0:00.28 -bash
    13   9965 ttys003    0:13.74 /Users/me/anaconda3/bin/python /Users/me/anaconda3/bin/ipython

在线处理器是什么意思？是否nproc有无法被 ps 替代的特殊用途

当我检查 coreutils 时，我发现GNU Coreutils

10 Directory listing
This chapter describes the ls command and its variants dir and vdir, which list information about files.

• ls invocation:        List directory contents.
• dir invocation:       Briefly ls.
• vdir invocation:      Verbosely ls.
• dircolors invocation:     Color setup for ls, etc.

dir并且vdir只是附加到 coreutils 作为ls,

这样设置的目的是什么。

我最初真的认为 coreutils 的定义越少越好。

我可以找到一个名为typora的进程htop

但我无法从 ps 或 pstree 追踪它

$ ps -a | grep -i typora
 9696 ttys003    0:00.01 grep -i typora

$ pstree | grep -i typora 
 |     |--- 09713 me grep -i typora
 |--= 00258 me /Applications/Typora.app/Contents/MacOS/Typora -psn_0_40970

我怎么能从命令 ps 中找到它。

认为

[root@iz2ze9wve43n2nyuvmsfx5z /]# find . -maxdepth 2 -type d  | ls
bin   dev  home  lib64       media  opt   root  sbin  sys  usr
boot  etc  lib   lost+found  mnt    proc  run   srv   tmp  var

ls 什么也没做，作为救援我应该将它们重建为 ls 的列表

find . -type d | xargs ls
#millions of outputs

但是，grep 做得很好

[root@iz2ze9wve43n2nyuvmsfx5z /]# find . -maxdepth 2 -type d  | grep home
./home

我怎么能区分一个命令不是作为第二个发射器诞生的，与不了解而不是尝试、错误测试和记住。

我阅读了有关 scp 的一系列说明和答案

安全复制 (scp) 的示例语法

scp - 如何将文件从远程服务器复制到本地计算机？- Unix 和 Linux 堆栈交换

但我不能正确应用它

$ pwd
#the local path on local machine
pwd
/Users/me/PubRepo/bash

当我尝试将文件从远程 scp 到本地时

[root@iz2ze9wve43n2nyuvmsfx5z ~]# echo "scp test message" > a_test_file.md
[root@iz2ze9wve43n2nyuvmsfx5z ~]# cat a_test_file.md
scp test message
[root@iz2ze9wve43n2nyuvmsfx5z ~]# pwd
/root
[root@iz2ze9wve43n2nyuvmsfx5z ~]# scp [email protected]:a_test_file.md  .
[email protected]'s password: 
a_test_file.md                                                                  100%   17     3.6KB/s   00:00    
[root@iz2ze9wve43n2nyuvmsfx5z ~]# 

表示转移成功，但是我在本地没有找到

ls | grep "a_test_file.md"
#does not return 

另外它在本地任何地方都不存在

find / -name "a_test_file.md" 2>/dev/null                                                              
## no match

我的使用有什么问题？

我在 macOS 上和我们一起监控这个过程

$ ps -f
  UID   PID  PPID   C STIME   TTY           TIME CMD
  501   367   366   0 Sun06AM ttys000    0:00.21 -bash
  501  1814  1812   0 Sun06AM ttys001    0:00.29 -bash
  501 36857  1814   0  6:41PM ttys001    0:00.00 head -n -2
  501 36858  1814   0  6:41PM ttys001    0:00.00 sed 3d
  501  9616  9612   0 Sun10AM ttys002    0:02.09 -bash
  501 36264 36262   0  6:23PM ttys003    0:00.16 -bash

当我试过

$ ps --forest
ps: illegal option -- -

它报告非法选项

手册统计版本如果

March 20, 2005     BSD

当我切换到centos时

[root@iz2ze9wve43n2nyuvmsfx5z ~]# ps --forest
  PID TTY          TIME CMD
16683 pts/1    00:00:00 bash
17853 pts/1    00:00:00  \_ bash
17865 pts/1    00:00:00      \_ bash
17879 pts/1    00:00:00          \_ ps

它带有强大的--forest。

它的版本是2014年7月

我如何更新过时的 ps 或安装新的？

我有一个包含代码块的降价文件

在 [310] 中：!cat data.md

**File Permission Related Commands**

These commands are used to change permissions of the files

```
72. chmod octal file-name                : Changes the permissions of file to octal
    chmod 777 /data/test.c                   : Sets rwx permission for owner , group and others
```

**Network Related Commands**

These commands are used to view and edit network configurations related aspects of the system

```
75. ifconfig -a        : Displays all network interface and set ip address
76. ifconfig eth0      : Displays eth0 ethernet port ip address and details
```

**Compression / Archive Related Commands**

These commands are used to compress and decompress files

```
89. tar cf home.tar  home         : Creates a tar named home.tar containing home/
    tar xf file.tar               : Extracts the files from file.tar
    tar czf  file.tar.gz  files   : Creates a tar with gzip compression

我想将开头```（三重警告）替换```bash为标记将由编辑器以彩色显示的 shell 脚本。

我尝试了答案。

In [327]: !sed 's/^(```)/(```bash)/g' data.md                                                                     
**File Permission Related Commands**

These commands are used to change permissions of the files

```
72. chmod octal file-name                : Changes the permissions of file to octal
    chmod 777 /data/test.c                   : Sets rwx permission for owner , group and others

但开口```没有被替换。

我怎样才能完成这样的任务？

我试图heaq在 *.md 文件中找到所有包含 word 的行

$  for i in $(find . -regex ".*md$"); do grep -i "heaq"; done
#pending
#pending

但是，它一直在那里悬而未决。

我的代码有什么问题？

我正在尝试>>>用文件中的“”替换

cat table_files.md | egrep ">>>$"                               
  \>>>
  \>>>
\>>>
\>>>
\>>>
\>>>
\>>>
\>>>
\>>>

用 sed 替换它

cat table_files.md | sed "s\>>>$\\g" > table_files.md

不幸的是，我所有的数据都消失了，它反馈给我一个空白文件。我检查这应该使用-i适当的选项来完成。

怎么会这样，能恢复数据吗？

我想 grep 名称不包含的文件"^iX500"

$ cat note_list 
...
/Applications/ScanSnap Manual.localized/iX500ScanSnapManual.app/Contents/Resources/manual/basic/EN/ix500/images_mac/EvernoteMark.png
/Applications/ScanSnap 

我试过了

 cat note_list | grep -i "^iX500"
 #not return results

和

$ cat note_list | egrep -i "^(iX500)"
#not return result

最后，我使用-v完成它

cat note_list | egrep -i -v "(iX500)"

但我怎么能^在 grep 中使用否定。

我做了这样一个数组

$ arr1=(1 2 3) ; arr2=${arr1[@]}

使用迭代来检查它们

$ for i in $arr1; do echo $i; done
1

$ for i in $arr2; do echo $i; done
1
2
3

他们是平等的

$ if [[ $arr1==$arr2 ]];then echo yes ;fi
yes

我该如何理解这种情况？

假设这样一个最小的任务是选择 B 中的元素而不是 A 中的元素

file_list1=(a.sh b.sh c.sh)
file_list2=(b.sh c.sh d.sh)

for i in files_list1; do
    for k in files_list2; do
        if [[ $k in $(echo $i) ]]; then
        echo 
        else
        echo $k
        fi
    done
done

它报告错误：

$ bash compare.sh 
compare.sh: line 5: conditional binary operator expected
compare.sh: line 5: syntax error near `in'
compare.sh: line 5: `        if [[ $k in $(echo $i) ]]; then'

如果不适用in，如何使代码正常工作？