kagmole's questions

我有以下网络（所有机器都是 Debian GNU/Linux 10 Buster）：

+----+             +--------+                    +--------+             +----+
|.1.x| <-->   .1.1 |ROUTER-A| .101.1 <--> .101.2 |ROUTER-B|   .2.1 <--> |.2.x|
+----+      enp0s8 +--------+ enp0s9      enp0s9 +--------+ enp0s8      +----+

我正在尝试使网络中.1.x的机器能够与网络中的机器进行通信.2.x。

根据此链接或此up链接，我们可以在接口文件中添加命令。所以我试了一下。

/etc/network/
             interfaces
             interfaces.d/
                          enp0s3-nat
                          enp0s8-intnet-1
                          enp0s9-intnet-101
                          loopback

内部enp0s9-intnet-101：

allow-hotplug enp0s9
iface enp0s9 inet static
  address 192.168.101.1
  netmask 255.255.255.0
  gateway 192.168.101.1
  network 192.168.101.0

  up ip route add 192.168.2.0/24 via 192.168.101.2

但它不起作用。出于好奇，我试过up echo "hello world" > /tmp/hello-test了，它也不起作用。

如果我用一个方法替换我的static方法manual：

allow-hotplug enp0s9
iface enp0s9 inet manual
  up ip address add 192.168.101.1/24 dev enp0s9
  up ip route   add 192.168.2.0/24   via 192.168.101.2

它可以在重新启动时工作，但是如果我使用 then 来“上下”我的界面，ip link set enp0s9 down则ip link set enp0s9 up该路由不再可用。

所以我的问题：

• 是否可以up在方法中使用命令static？
• 为什么，用我的manual方法，路线不是用ip link set enp0s9 up?

首先是一些规格：我的电脑是 HP EliteBook 8460p。它带有一个集成的 Chicony HP 高清网络摄像头。

我的问题是很多应用程序（至少是 Skype 和 guvcview）为同一个网络摄像头显示多行；事实上，如果我这样做ls -l /dev | grep video，我会得到以下信息：

crw-rw----  1 root video      29,   0 Apr 16 08:13 fb0
crw-rw----  1 root video     243,   0 Apr 16 08:13 media0
crw-rw----+ 1 root video      81,   0 Apr 16 08:13 video0
crw-rw----+ 1 root video      81,   1 Apr 16 08:13 video1

我有 2 个/dev/video[n]，只有一个（集成）网络摄像头；Skype 可以正常工作/dev/video0，但不能正常工作/dev/video1。guvcview 也一样。

如果我插入另一个 USB 网络摄像头，例如罗技网络摄像头，我会得到以下信息dmesg：

[21222.638802] usb 2-2: new high-speed USB device number 20 using xhci_hcd
[21222.970684] usb 2-2: New USB device found, idVendor=046d, idProduct=08c2, bcdDevice= 0.05
[21222.970755] usb 2-2: New USB device strings: Mfr=0, Product=0, SerialNumber=0
[21222.972518] uvcvideo: Found UVC 1.00 device <unnamed> (046d:08c2)
[21226.044535] uvcvideo 2-2:1.0: Entity type for entity Extension 4 was not initialized!
[21226.044538] uvcvideo 2-2:1.0: Entity type for entity Extension 8 was not initialized!
[21226.044540] uvcvideo 2-2:1.0: Entity type for entity Extension 10 was not initialized!
[21226.044541] uvcvideo 2-2:1.0: Entity type for entity Extension 9 was not initialized!
[21226.044543] uvcvideo 2-2:1.0: Entity type for entity Extension 3 was not initialized!
[21226.044545] uvcvideo 2-2:1.0: Entity type for entity Processing 2 was not initialized!
[21226.044547] uvcvideo 2-2:1.0: Entity type for entity Camera 1 was not initialized!
[21226.044746] input: UVC Camera (046d:08c2) as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1c.7/0000:25:00.0/usb2/2-2/2-2:1.0/input/input35
[21226.137559] usb 2-2: Warning! Unlikely big volume range (=3072), cval->res is probably wrong.
[21226.137569] usb 2-2: [5] FU [Mic Capture Volume] ch = 1, val = 4608/7680/1

以下是ls -l /dev/ | grep video：

crw-rw----  1 root video      29,   0 Apr 16 08:13 fb0
crw-rw----  1 root video     243,   0 Apr 16 08:13 media0
crw-rw----  1 root video     243,   1 Apr 16 14:06 media1
crw-rw----+ 1 root video      81,   0 Apr 16 08:13 video0
crw-rw----+ 1 root video      81,   1 Apr 16 08:13 video1
crw-rw----+ 1 root video      81,   2 Apr 16 14:06 video2
crw-rw----+ 1 root video      81,   3 Apr 16 14:06 video3

3 个新条目/dev/media1：/dev/video2和/dev/video3。

我什至发现了一个索尼网络摄像头 (CEVCECM)，它最多可以添加 4 个新设备。dmesg日志：

[21927.665747] usb 2-2: new high-speed USB device number 23 using xhci_hcd
[21927.817330] usb 2-2: New USB device found, idVendor=05e3, idProduct=0608, bcdDevice= 9.01
[21927.817339] usb 2-2: New USB device strings: Mfr=0, Product=1, SerialNumber=0
[21927.817343] usb 2-2: Product: USB2.0 Hub
[21927.824119] hub 2-2:1.0: USB hub found
[21927.824814] hub 2-2:1.0: 4 ports detected
[21928.113733] usb 2-2.4: new high-speed USB device number 24 using xhci_hcd
[21928.223184] usb 2-2.4: New USB device found, idVendor=054c, idProduct=097b, bcdDevice=21.12
[21928.223192] usb 2-2.4: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3
[21928.223197] usb 2-2.4: Product: CEVCECM
[21928.223201] usb 2-2.4: Manufacturer: Sony
[21928.223206] usb 2-2.4: SerialNumber: DHZD10412EUHK1
[21928.227506] uvcvideo: Found UVC 1.00 device CEVCECM (054c:097b)
[21928.242592] uvcvideo: Unable to create debugfs 2-24 directory.
[21928.242780] uvcvideo 2-2.4:1.0: Entity type for entity Extension 7 was not initialized!
[21928.242783] uvcvideo 2-2.4:1.0: Entity type for entity Extension 3 was not initialized!
[21928.242785] uvcvideo 2-2.4:1.0: Entity type for entity Processing 2 was not initialized!
[21928.242787] uvcvideo 2-2.4:1.0: Entity type for entity Camera 1 was not initialized!
[21928.242877] input: CEVCECM: CEVCECM as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1c.7/0000:25:00.0/usb2/2-2/2-2.4/2-2.4:1.0/input/input38

生成的设备文件包含ls -l /dev | grep video：

crw-rw----  1 root video      29,   0 Apr 16 08:13 fb0
crw-rw----  1 root video     243,   0 Apr 16 08:13 media0
crw-rw----  1 root video     243,   1 Apr 16 14:18 media1
crw-rw----+ 1 root video      81,   0 Apr 16 08:13 video0
crw-rw----+ 1 root video      81,   1 Apr 16 08:13 video1
crw-rw----+ 1 root video      81,   2 Apr 16 14:18 video2
crw-rw----+ 1 root video      81,   3 Apr 16 14:18 video3
crw-rw----+ 1 root video      81,   4 Apr 16 14:18 video4
crw-rw----+ 1 root video      81,   5 Apr 16 14:18 video5

5 个新条目：/dev/media1和/dev/video2到/dev/video5.

我觉得要使用的文件是正确/dev/media[n]的，但 Skype 和 guvcview 不知何故未能这样做并回退到/dev/video[n].

例如，我对 Webcamoid 没有这个问题。

如果有人有想法，我会接受。与此同时，我将继续调查......

--- 编辑了 2019-05-14 ---

得到了一些有趣的信息v4l2-ctl --device=/dev/video* --all。对于群光惠普高清网络摄像头，其 2 个设备文件具有不同的设备功能：

# Devices capabilities for /dev/video0
Video Capture
Streaming
Extended Pix Format

# Devices capabilities for /dev/video1
Metadata Capture
Streaming
Extended Pix Format

对于 USB 网络摄像头，我得到了类似的结果。所以说到底，也许 Skype 和 guvcview 做不到的就是只列出支持Video Capture设备功能的视频设备。