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Folaht's questions

Martin Hope
Folaht
Asked: 2024-12-31 00:12:59 +0800 CST
  • 7

我正在尝试在我的 SD 卡上手动创建一个发行版，从创建分区开始，但失败了......

$ lsblk
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
sda      8:0    1 119.4G  0 disk 
vda    254:0    0    12G  0 disk 
├─vda1 254:1    0   300M  0 part /boot
└─vda2 254:2    0  11.7G  0 part /
$ sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sda bs=1M count=32
32+0 records in
32+0 records out
33554432 bytes (34 MB, 32 MiB) copied, 0.0289816 s, 1.2 GB/s
$ sudo parted -s /dev/sda mklabel gpt
$ sudo parted -s /dev/sda mkpart fat32 32MB 512MB
Error: The location 512MB is outside of the device /dev/sda.

造成这种情况的潜在原因是什么？

$ sudo parted /dev/sda unit mib print free
Model:  (file)
Disk /dev/sda: 32.0MiB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start    End      Size     File system  Name  Flags
        0.02MiB  32.0MiB  32.0MiB  Free Space

无论出于什么原因，现在输入时都会出现 sda1 分区lsblk。我认为这是在创建标签时发生的。

$ lsblk
...
sda      8:0    1 119.4G  0 disk 
└─sda1   8:1    1 119.4G  0 part 
...

[编辑]

也许我应该提到我是在虚拟机中执行所有这些操作的。无论出于什么原因，只要我添加标签，虚拟机中的 fdisk 就会找到一个幽灵分区。它应该被删除，但它就在那里。

我可以通过禁用虚拟机中的 SD 卡来删除分区，重新插入它并在主机上启动 gdisk。

不幸的是，问题仍然存在，现在没有幽灵分区。

virtual-machine
Martin Hope
Folaht
Asked: 2024-11-18 22:09:26 +0800 CST
  • 5

在他们的网站上，您被要求通过脚本安装他们的程序，而不是像大多数常规应用程序那样通过软件包存储库下载。

LV_BRANCH='release-1.4/neovim-0.9' bash <(curl -s https://raw.githubusercontent.com/LunarVim/LunarVim/release-1.4/neovim-0.9/utils/installer/install.sh)

安装过程，但我想创建一个脚本来回答这些问题。如何编写一个命令来自动处理这些问题？

shell-script
Martin Hope
Folaht
Asked: 2024-08-02 17:50:04 +0800 CST
  • 5

正如标题所述，无论出于什么原因，我的虚拟机都无法再连接到主机/互联网。e1000e
连接确实有效。
那么问题似乎出在 virtio 上？

在主机上：

知识产权

...
4: virbr0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:8c:9c:74 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
9: vnet4: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master virbr0 state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether fe:54:00:8d:cd:66 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet6 fe80::fc54:ff:fe8d:cd66/64 scope link proto kernel_ll 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

sudo virsh net-dumpxml 默认值

<network connections='1'>
  <name>default</name>
  <uuid>b728bff2-6215-4472-8d38-a5a797d328aa</uuid>
  <forward mode='nat'>
    <nat>
      <port start='1024' end='65535'/>
    </nat>
  </forward>
  <bridge name='virbr0' stp='on' delay='0'/>
  <mac address='52:54:00:8c:9c:74'/>
  <ip address='192.168.122.1' netmask='255.255.255.0'>
    <dhcp>
      <range start='192.168.122.2' end='192.168.122.254'/>
    </dhcp>
  </ip>
</network>

关于客人：

xml 中的 virt-manager 连接配置

<network connections="1">
  <name>default</name>
  <uuid>b728bff2-6215-4472-8d38-a5a797d328aa</uuid>
  <forward mode="nat">
    <nat>
      <port start="1024" end="65535"/>
    </nat>
  </forward>
  <bridge name="virbr0" stp="on" delay="0"/>
  <mac address="52:54:00:8c:9c:74"/>
  <ip address="192.168.122.1" netmask="255.255.255.0">
    <dhcp>
      <range start="192.168.122.2" end="192.168.122.254"/>
    </dhcp>
  </ip>
</network>

知识产权 在此处输入图片描述

网络设备

<interface type="network">
  <mac address="52:54:00:8d:cd:66"/>
  <source network="default" portid="94cebc1a-2b7b-41ba-91a4-22958fe3aef4" bridge="virbr0"/>
  <target dev="vnet4"/>
  <model type="virtio"/>
  <alias name="net0"/>
  <address type="pci" domain="0x0000" bus="0x01" slot="0x00" function="0x0"/>
</interface>
qemu
Martin Hope
Folaht
Asked: 2023-06-18 23:01:59 +0800 CST
  • 5

设置

主持人

OS: Manjaro XFCE x86_64
Apps: packer (plugins: virtualbox-iso),

客人

OS:                Arch Linux  
Hypervisor:        Virtualbox 
Architecture:      x64

这是我的问题： 在此输入图像描述

我的打包器构建文件（为了简单起见，删除了 qemu 构建）

packer {
  required_plugins {
    virtualbox = {
      version = ">=1.0.4"
      source = "github.com/hashicorp/virtualbox"
    }
  }
}


variable "ssh_private_key_file" {
  type    = string
  default = "~/.ssh/id_bas"
}

variable "ssh_timeout" {
  type    = string
  default = "20m"

  validation {
      condition = can(regex("[0-9]+[smh]", var.ssh_timeout))
      error_message = "The ssh_timeout value must be a number followed by the letter s(econds), m(inutes), or h(ours)."
    }
}

variable "ssh_username" {
  description = "Unpriviledged user to create."
  type = string
  default = "bas"
}

locals {
  boot_command_virtualbox = [
    "<enter><wait90s>",
    "curl -O http://10.0.2.3:{{ .HTTPPort }}/${local.kickstart_script} && ",
    "chmod +x ${local.kickstart_script} && ",
    "LOCAL_IP=10.0.2.3 ",
    "LOCAL_PORT={{ .HTTPPort }} ",
    "PACKER_BUILDER_TYPE=iso-virtualbox ",
    "./${local.kickstart_script}<enter>",
  ]
  cpus              = 1
  disk_size         = "4G"
  disk_size_vb      = "4000"
  efi_firmware_code = "/usr/share/edk2/x64/OVMF_CODE.fd"
  efi_firmware_vars = "/usr/share/edk2/x64/OVMF_VARS.fd"
  headless          = "false"
  iso_checksum      = "sha256:329b00c3e8cf094a28688c50a066b5ac6352731ccdff467f9fd7155e52d36cec"
  iso_url           = "https://mirror.cj2.nl/archlinux/iso/2023.06.03/archlinux-x86_64.iso"
  kickstart_script  = "initLiveVM.sh"
  machine_type      = "q35"
  memory            = 4096
  http_directory    = "srv"
  vm_name           = "SE_bastille-installer-box"
  write_zeros       = "true"
}


source "virtualbox-iso" "archlinux" {  
    boot_command           = local.boot_command_virtualbox
    boot_wait              = "2s"  
    communicator           = "ssh"
    cpus                   = 1
    disk_size              = local.disk_size_vb
    firmware               = "efi"
    format                 = "ovf"  
    guest_additions_mode   = "disable"
    guest_os_type          = "Arch"
    hard_drive_interface   = "virtio"
    headless               = local.headless
    http_directory         = local.http_directory
    iso_checksum           = local.iso_checksum
    iso_interface          = "virtio"
    iso_url                = local.iso_url
    memory                 = local.memory
    nic_type               = "virtio"
    shutdown_command       = "sudo systemctl start poweroff.timer"
    ssh_port               = 22
    ssh_private_key_file   = var.ssh_private_key_file 
    ssh_timeout            = var.ssh_timeout
    ssh_username           = var.ssh_username  
    vm_name                = "${local.vm_name}.ovf"
}


build {
  name = "SE_bastille-installer-box"
  sources = ["source.virtualbox-iso.archlinux"]
  
  provisioner "file" {
    destination = "/tmp/"
    source      = "./files"
  }
   
  provisioner "shell" {
    only = ["virtualbox-iso.archlinux"]
    execute_command = "{{ .Vars }} sudo -E -S bash '{{ .Path }}'"
    expect_disconnect = true
    scripts           = [
    "scripts/liveVM.sh",
    "scripts/virtualbox.sh",
    "scripts/tables.sh",
    "scripts/partitions.sh",
    "scripts/base.sh",
    "scripts/bootloader.sh",
    "scripts/pacman.sh",
    "scripts/setup.sh"
    ]
  }

  provisioner "shell" {
    execute_command = "{{ .Vars }} WRITE_ZEROS=${local.write_zeros} sudo -E -S bash '{{ .Path }}'"
    script = "scripts/cleanup.sh"
  }
    
  post-processor "vagrant" {
    output = "output/${local.vm_name}_${source.type}_${source.name}-${formatdate("YYYY-MM", timestamp())}.box"
    vagrantfile_template = "templates/vagrantfile.tpl"
  }
}

我究竟做错了什么？

linux
Martin Hope
Folaht
Asked: 2023-05-31 01:36:29 +0800 CST
  • 5

我的设置

主持人

OS: Manjaro XFCE x86_64 
Apps: packer (plugins: qemu), 
      virt-manager, virt-install 
      virt-viewer

客人

OS:                Arch Linux  
Hypervisor:        QEMU KVM  
Architecture:      x64
Machine Type:      q35
EFI Firmware Code: /usr/share/edk2/x64/OVMF_CODE.4m.fd
EFI Firmware Vars: /usr/share/edk2/x64/OVMF_VARS.4m.fd

我使用并记录我的启动选项在我的主机上创建了一个自定义的 Arch Linux 映像packer build。

...
"==> bootloader.sh: Show boot options.."

BootCurrent: 0001
    Timeout: 0 seconds
    BootOrder: 0007,0000,0001,0002,0003,0004,0005,0006
    Boot0000* UiApp    FvVol(7cb8bdc9-f8eb-4f34-aaea-3ee4af6516a1)/FvFile(462caa21-7614-4503-836e-8ab6f4662331)
    Boot0001* UEFI QEMU DVD-ROM QM00001     PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x1f,0x2)/Sata(0,65535,0){auto_created_boot_option}
    Boot0002* UEFI QEMU DVD-ROM QM00005     PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x1f,0x2)/Sata(2,65535,0){auto_created_boot_option}
    Boot0003* UEFI Misc Device    PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x3,0x0){auto_created_boot_option}
    Boot0004* UEFI PXEv4 (MAC:525400123456)    PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x2,0x0)/MAC(525400123456,1)/IPv4(0.0.0.00.0.0.0,0,0){auto_created_boot_option}
    Boot0005* UEFI PXEv6 (MAC:525400123456)    PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x2,0x0)/MAC(525400123456,1)/IPv6([::]:<->[::]:,0,0){auto_created_boot_option}
    Boot0006* EFI Internal Shell    FvVol(7cb8bdc9-f8eb-4f34-aaea-3ee4af6516a1)/FvFile(7c04a583-9e3e-4f1c-ad65-e05268d0b4d1)
    Boot0007* GRUB    HD(1,GPT,2034b5d2-828a-4491-8d23-fe9439932a12,0x800,0x7d000)/File(\EFI\GRUB\grubx64.efi)
...

所以我认为这应该没问题，但是当我运行它时：

sudo virt-install \
--name bastille-installer \
--vcpu 2 \
--machine q35 \
--memory 1024 \
--osinfo archlinux \
--debug \
--disk /var/lib/libvirt/images/bastille-installer_qemu_archlinux-2023-05.qcow2,format=qcow2 \
--import \
--boot loader=/usr/share/edk2/x64/OVMF_CODE.4m.fd,loader_ro=yes,loader_type=pflash,nvram_template=/usr/share/edk2/x64/OVMF_VARS.4m.fd,loader_secure=no

在此处输入图像描述

映射表中的 FS0: 完全缺失。退出查看启动管理器后，我发现也缺少几个启动选项。

在此处输入图像描述

如果相关，virt-install 的详细输出如下所示：

https://gist.github.com/Folaht/d8d4366b79434069ff6e8a7b51abbd25

我究竟做错了什么？

[编辑]

$ sudo qemu-img info ./bastille-installer_qemu_archlinux-2023-05.qcow2
image: ./bastille-installer_qemu_archlinux-2023-05.qcow2
file format: raw
virtual size: 1.42 GiB (1522309120 bytes)
disk size: 1.42 GiB
Child node '/file':
    filename: ./bastille-installer_qemu_archlinux-2023-05.qcow2
    protocol type: file
    file length: 1.42 GiB (1522309120 bytes)
    disk size: 1.42 GiB

看起来我有原始文件问题。
一定有什么东西导致加壳器忽略将盒子构建为 qcow2 文件，尽管它是这样配置的。

bastillebox-installer-box.pkr.hcl

...
source "qemu" "archlinux" {
  accelerator             = "kvm"
  boot_command            = local.boot_command_qemu
  boot_wait               = "1s"
  cpus                    = local.cpus
  disk_interface          = "virtio"
  disk_size               = local.disk_size
  efi_boot                = true
  efi_firmware_code       = local.efi_firmware_code
  efi_firmware_vars       = local.efi_firmware_vars
  format                  = "qcow2"
  headless                = local.headless
  http_directory          = local.http_directory
  iso_url                 = local.iso_url
  iso_checksum            = local.iso_checksum
  machine_type            = local.machine_type
  memory                  = local.memory
  net_device              = "virtio-net" 
  shutdown_command        = "sudo systemctl start poweroff.timer"
  ssh_handshake_attempts  = 500
  ssh_port                = 22
  ssh_private_key_file    = var.ssh_private_key_file
  ssh_timeout             = var.ssh_timeout
  ssh_username            = var.ssh_username
  ssh_wait_timeout        = var.ssh_timeout
  vm_name                 = "${local.vm_name}.qcow2"
}
...
arch-linux
Martin Hope
Folaht
Asked: 2023-04-30 00:15:33 +0800 CST
  • 5

设置

主持人

操作系统

Manjaro XFCE x86_64

应用

打包程序（插件：qemu）
virt-install
virt-viewer
virt-manager

客人

OS:                Arch Linux  
Hypervisor:        QEMU KVM  
Architecture:      x64
Machine Type:      qc35
EFI Firmware Code: /usr/share/edk2-ovmf/x64/OVMF_CODE.fd
EFI Firmware Vars: /usr/share/edk2-ovmf/x64/OVMF_VARS.fd

因此，我使用packer build并记录了我的启动选项来创建一个自定义的 Arch Linux 映像。

echo ">>>> ${NAME_SH}: Show boot option.." 的输出

BootCurrent: 0001
    Timeout: 0 seconds
    BootOrder: 0007,0000,0001,0002,0003,0004,0005,0006
    Boot0000* UiApp FvVol(7cb8bdc9-f8eb-4f34-aaea-3ee4af6516a1)/FvFile(462caa21-7614-4503-836e-8ab6f4662331)
    Boot0001* UEFI QEMU DVD-ROM QM00001     PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x1f,0x2)/Sata(0,65535,0){auto_created_boot_option}
    Boot0002* UEFI QEMU DVD-ROM QM00005     PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x1f,0x2)/Sata(2,65535,0){auto_created_boot_option}
    Boot0003* UEFI Misc Device  PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x3,0x0){auto_created_boot_option}
    Boot0004* UEFI PXEv4 (MAC:525400123456) PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x2,0x0)/MAC(525400123456,1)/IPv4(0.0.0.00.0.0.0,0,0){auto_created_boot_option}
    Boot0005* UEFI PXEv6 (MAC:525400123456) PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x2,0x0)/MAC(525400123456,1)/IPv6([::]:<->[::]:,0,0){auto_created_boot_option}
    Boot0006* EFI Internal Shell    FvVol(7cb8bdc9-f8eb-4f34-aaea-3ee4af6516a1)/FvFile(7c04a583-9e3e-4f1c-ad65-e05268d0b4d1)
    Boot0007* GRUB  HD(1,GPT,2034b5d2-828a-4491-8d23-fe9439932a12,0x800,0x7d000)/File(\EFI\GRUB\grubx64.efi)

所以我认为这应该没问题，但是当我运行它时：

虚拟安装命令

sudo virt-install \
--name bastille-installer \
--vcpu 2 \
--memory 1024 \
--osinfo archlinux \
--disk /var/lib/libvirt/images/bastille-installer_qemu_archlinux-2023-04.qcow2 \
--import \
--boot uefi

我看到这个：

在此处输入图像描述

映射表中的 FS0: 完全缺失。退出查看启动管理器后，我发现也缺少几个启动选项。

在此处输入图像描述

这些是我的打包程序配置加载的脚本：

bastille-installer.pkr.hcl

...
  provisioner "shell" {
    only = ["qemu.archlinux"]
    execute_command = "{{ .Vars }} sudo -E -S bash '{{ .Path }}'"
    expect_disconnect = true
    scripts           = [
    "scripts/configure-qemu.sh",
    "scripts/configure-shared.sh",
    "scripts/partition-table-gpt.sh",
    "scripts/partition-ext4-efi.sh",
    "scripts/setup.sh"
    ]
  }
...

这是创建引导加载程序的脚本。

分区-ext4-efi.sh

#!/usr/bin/env bash

. /tmp/files/vars.sh

NAME_SH=partition-ext4-efi.sh

# stop on errors
set -eu

echo ">>>> ${NAME_SH}: Writing Filesystem types.."
mkfs.ext4 -L BOHKS_BAZ ${ROOT_PARTITION}
mkfs.fat -F32 ${BOOT_PARTITION}

echo ">>>> ${NAME_SH}: Mounting partitions.."
/usr/bin/mount ${ROOT_PARTITION} ${ROOT_DIR}
/usr/bin/mkdir -p ${BOOT_DIR}
/usr/bin/mount ${BOOT_PARTITION} ${BOOT_DIR}

echo ">>>> ${NAME_SH}: Bootstrapping the base installation.."
/usr/bin/pacstrap ${ROOT_DIR} base `pacman -Qq linux`

echo ">>>> ${NAME_SH}: Updating pacman mirrors base installation.."
/usr/bin/arch-chroot ${ROOT_DIR} pacman -S --noconfirm reflector 

/usr/bin/arch-chroot ${ROOT_DIR} reflector --latest 5 --protocol https --sort rate --save /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
tee /etc/xdg/reflector/reflector.conf &>/dev/null <<EOF
--latest 5 
--protocol https
--sort rate
--save /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
EOF
/usr/bin/arch-chroot ${ROOT_DIR} systemctl enable reflector.timer

echo ">>>> ${NAME_SH}: Installing databases.."
/usr/bin/arch-chroot ${ROOT_DIR} pacman -Sy

echo ">>>> ${NAME_SH}: Installing basic packages.."
/usr/bin/arch-chroot ${ROOT_DIR} pacman -S --noconfirm sudo gptfdisk openssh grub efibootmgr dhcpcd netctl

echo ">>>> ${NAME_SH}: Generating the filesystem table.."
/usr/bin/genfstab -U ${ROOT_DIR} | tee -a "${ROOT_DIR}/etc/fstab" >/dev/null

echo ">>>> ${NAME_SH}: Installing grub.."
/usr/bin/arch-chroot ${ROOT_DIR} grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=${ESP_DIR} --bootloader-id=GRUB >/dev/null
/usr/bin/arch-chroot ${ROOT_DIR} grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

echo ">>>> ${NAME_SH}: Show boot option.."
/usr/bin/arch-chroot ${ROOT_DIR} efibootmgr

echo ">>>> ${NAME_SH}: Generating the system configuration script.."
/usr/bin/install --mode=0755 /dev/null "${ROOT_DIR}${CONFIG_SCRIPT}"

如果相关，这就是我创建分区表的方式。

分区表-gpt.sh

#!/usr/bin/env bash

. /tmp/files/vars.sh

# stop on errors
set -eu

NAME_SH=partition-table-gpt.sh

echo ">>>> ${NAME_SH}: Formatting disk.."
sed -e 's/\s*\([\+0-9a-zA-Z]*\).*/\1/' << EOF | gdisk ${DISK}
  o
  y
  n
  1

  +250M
  ef02
  n
  2
   
   
  8304
  p
  w
  y
  q
EOF

相关变量文件：

变量.sh

...
HOME_DIR=/home/${USER}
SSH_DIR=/home/${USER}/.ssh
ROOT_DIR='/mnt'
BOOT_DIR='/mnt/boot/efi'
FILES_DIR='/tmp/files'
ESP_DIR='/boot/efi'
...
BOOT_PARTITION="${DISK}1"
ROOT_PARTITION="${DISK}2"
...

我不知道为什么我没有得到我的 UEFI 引导选项
以及为什么映射表中缺少文件系统。

arch-linux
Martin Hope
Folaht
Asked: 2022-12-29 22:13:14 +0800 CST
  • 6

一个名为“vagrant packer”的应用程序每次运行时总是从远程位置下载 iso 和校验和文件，所以我正在创建一个脚本将 iso 下载到本地位置，但前提是 published_at 日期高于我的本地的。如果是，我下载 iso 和校验和，然后将发布日期存储在本地 .conf 文件中。

所以我尝试从项目的 github api url获取校验和的下载 url ，但是 download_url 需要首先不匹配然后匹配模式。

它不需要包含“unstable”并以“.iso.sha512”结尾。

运行.sh

...
    echo downloading checksum..
    checksum_download_url=$(curl -s $github_latest_api_url | jq -r '.assets[].browser_download_url|select(match(".(?!unstable).iso.sha512"))')
...

如您所见，我试图先获取正确的下载 url，然后再在下一行中执行 curl 下载命令。

我已经尝试过了，但我就是想不通匹配函数的正则表达式是什么。
我仍然没有得到任何结果、语法错误或包含不稳定的行。

#!/bin/bash

source ./uploads/mai-base.conf

prerelease=$(curl -s $github_latest_api_url | jq -r '.prerelease')

if [ !prerelease ]; then
  
  r_publish_date=$(date -d $(curl -s $github_latest_api_url | jq -r '.published_at') +%s)
  l_publish_date=$(date -d $publish_date +%s)

  if [ $r_publish_date -gt $l_publish_date ]; then
    echo downloading checksum..
    checksum_download_url=$(curl -s $github_latest_api_url | jq -r '.assets[].browser_download_url|select(match(".(?!unstable).iso.sha512"))')
    echo $checksum_download_url
    #curl -L $download_url 
    echo downloading iso..
    # downloading iso code goes here..

    # date saving to mai-base.conf goes here..
  fi
fi

# Start packer application..
# PACKER_LOG=1 packer build -var $ISO_VERSION manjaro-arm-installer.pkr.hcl
scripting
Martin Hope
Folaht
Asked: 2018-04-05 06:03:49 +0800 CST
  • 0

到目前为止，我只能通过反复试验来弄清楚。

Right Alt + a = à
Right Alt + o = ô
Right Alt + e = é
Right Alt + u = û
Right Alt + i = î
Right Alt + 4 = €
Right Alt + , = ä
Right Alt + . = ê
Right Alt + p = ë
Right Alt + y = ü
Right Alt + ; = â
Right Alt + q = ö
Right Alt + j = è
Right Alt + k = ù
Right Alt + x = ï
Right Alt + c = ç
Right Alt + ` = dead `
Right Alt + 9 = dead `
Right Alt + ' = dead ´
Right Alt + " = dead ¨
Right Alt + < = dead ˇ
Right Alt + > = ·
Right Alt + p = dead ¸
Right Alt + 6 = dead ^
Right Alt + ^ = dead ^
Right Alt + s = ß
Right Alt + ] = dead ~
Right Alt + ~ = dead ~
Right Alt + Q = dead ˛
Right Alt + : = dead ˝
Right Alt + J = dead ˝
Right Alt + C = dead ˙

Right Alt + Q - Right Alt + X = Ǭ

还有更多，但我还没有弄清楚。

[更新]

感谢斯蒂芬基特，我解决了它：

[me@MyComputer ~]$ sudo pacman -S libgnomekdb
...
[me@MyComputer ~]$ gkbd-keyboard-display -g 1

在此处输入图像描述

xkb dvorak
Martin Hope
Folaht
Asked: 2018-01-13 16:10:30 +0800 CST
  • 2

设置

  • 服务器电脑
    • 发行版：Raspbian GNU/Linux 8
    • 内核：4.9.35-v7+ armv7l（32 位）

我的 MySQL 数据库没有加载

admin@Xroklaus:~ $ sudo systemctl status mysql
● mysql.service - LSB: Start and stop the mysql database server daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/etc/init.d/mysql)
   Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Thu 2018-01-11 01:09:32 UTC; 6h ago
  Process: 914 ExecStart=/etc/init.d/mysql start (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)

Jan 11 01:08:48 Xroklaus systemd[1]: Starting LSB: Start and stop the mysql database server daemon...
Jan 11 01:09:32 Xroklaus mysql[914]: Starting MariaDB database server: mysqld . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . failed!
Jan 11 01:09:32 Xroklaus systemd[1]: mysql.service: control process exited, code=exited status=1
Jan 11 01:09:32 Xroklaus systemd[1]: Failed to start LSB: Start and stop the mysql database server daemon.
Jan 11 01:09:32 Xroklaus systemd[1]: Unit mysql.service entered failed state.

错误日志

admin@Xroklaus:~ $ sudo cat /var/lib/mysql/Xroklaus.err
180111  1:04:39 [ERROR] Can't open the mysql.plugin table. Please run mysql_upgrade to create it.
180111  1:04:39 [Note] Server socket created on IP: '::'.
180111  1:04:39 [ERROR] Fatal error: Can't open and lock privilege tables: Incorrect file format 'host'
180111 01:04:39 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /var/lib/mysql/Xroklaus.pid ended
180111 01:08:53 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /var/lib/mysql
180111  1:08:53 [Note] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 10.0.32-MariaDB-0+deb8u1) starting as process 1347 ...
180111  1:08:54 [Note] InnoDB: innodb_empty_free_list_algorithm has been changed to legacy because of small buffer pool size. In order to use backoff, increase buffer pool at least up to 20MB.

180111  1:08:54 [Note] InnoDB: Using mutexes to ref count buffer pool pages
180111  1:08:54 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled
180111  1:08:54 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins
180111  1:08:54 [Note] InnoDB: GCC builtin __atomic_thread_fence() is used for memory barrier
180111  1:08:54 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.8
180111  1:08:54 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO
180111  1:08:54 [Note] InnoDB: Not using CPU crc32 instructions
180111  1:08:54 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M
180111  1:08:54 [Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
180111  1:08:54 [Note] InnoDB: Highest supported file format is Barracuda.
180111  1:08:54 [Note] InnoDB: The log sequence numbers 1616887 and 1616887 in ibdata files do not match the log sequence number 1616913 in the ib_logfiles!
180111  1:08:54 [Note] InnoDB: Restoring possible half-written data pages from the doublewrite buffer...
180111  1:08:55 [Note] InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active.
180111  1:08:55 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start
180111  1:08:55 [Note] InnoDB:  Percona XtraDB (http://www.percona.com) 5.6.36-82.1 started; log sequence number 1616913
180111  1:08:55 [Note] Plugin 'FEEDBACK' is disabled.
180111  1:08:55 [ERROR] Can't open the mysql.plugin table. Please run mysql_upgrade to create it.
180111  1:08:55 [Note] Server socket created on IP: '::'.
180111  1:08:55 [ERROR] Fatal error: Can't open and lock privilege tables: Incorrect file format 'host'
180111 01:08:55 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /var/lib/mysql/Xroklaus.pid ended

好像少了一个文件。

admin@Xroklaus:~ $ sudo mysql_upgrade
Version check failed. Got the following error when calling the 'mysql' command line client
ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock' (2 "No such file or directory")
FATAL ERROR: Upgrade failed

[更新]

我可以使用 运行守护进程mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables，但升级失败：

admin@Xroklaus:~ $ sudo mysql_upgrade
Phase 1/6: Checking and upgrading mysql database
Processing databases
mysql
mysql.column_stats                                 OK
mysql.columns_priv
Error    : Incorrect file format 'columns_priv'
error    : Corrupt
mysql.db
Error    : Incorrect file format 'db'
error    : Corrupt
mysql.event
Error    : Incorrect file format 'event'
error    : Corrupt
mysql.func
Error    : Incorrect file format 'func'
error    : Corrupt
mysql.gtid_slave_pos                               OK
mysql.help_category                                OK
mysql.help_keyword                                 OK
mysql.help_relation                                OK
mysql.help_topic                                   OK
mysql.host                                         OK
mysql.index_stats                                  OK
mysql.innodb_index_stats                           OK
mysql.innodb_table_stats                           OK
mysql.plugin
Error    : Incorrect file format 'plugin'
error    : Corrupt
mysql.proc                                         OK
mysql.procs_priv
Error    : Incorrect file format 'procs_priv'
error    : Corrupt
mysql.proxies_priv                                 OK
mysql.roles_mapping                                OK
mysql.servers                                      OK
mysql.table_stats                                  OK
mysql.tables_priv
Error    : Incorrect file format 'tables_priv'
error    : Corrupt
mysql.time_zone                                    OK
mysql.time_zone_leap_second                        OK
mysql.time_zone_name                               OK
mysql.time_zone_transition                         OK
mysql.time_zone_transition_type                    OK
mysql.user
Error    : Incorrect file format 'user'
error    : Corrupt

Repairing tables
mysql.columns_priv
Error    : Incorrect file format 'columns_priv'
error    : Corrupt
mysql.db
Error    : Incorrect file format 'db'
error    : Corrupt
mysql.event
Error    : Incorrect file format 'event'
error    : Corrupt
mysql.func
Error    : Incorrect file format 'func'
error    : Corrupt
mysql.plugin
Error    : Incorrect file format 'plugin'
error    : Corrupt
mysql.procs_priv
Error    : Incorrect file format 'procs_priv'
error    : Corrupt
mysql.tables_priv
Error    : Incorrect file format 'tables_priv'
error    : Corrupt
mysql.user
Error    : Incorrect file format 'user'
error    : Corrupt
Phase 2/6: Fixing views
Phase 3/6: Running 'mysql_fix_privilege_tables'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 141: Incorrect file format 'user'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 143: Incorrect file format 'user'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 144: Incorrect file format 'user'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 146: Incorrect file format 'db'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 147: Incorrect file format 'user'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 148: Incorrect file format 'db'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 150: Incorrect file format 'user'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 155: Incorrect file format 'user'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 156: Incorrect file format 'tables_priv'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 158: Incorrect file format 'tables_priv'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 166: Incorrect file format 'tables_priv'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 174: Incorrect file format 'columns_priv'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 177: Incorrect file format 'columns_priv'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 186: Incorrect file format 'columns_priv'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 189: Incorrect file format 'func'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 191: Incorrect file format 'user'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 192: Incorrect file format 'user'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 200: Incorrect file format 'user'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 201: Incorrect file format 'user'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 205: Incorrect file format 'db'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 211: Incorrect file format 'user'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 212: Incorrect file format 'db'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 214: Incorrect file format 'user'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 215: Incorrect file format 'func'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 216: Incorrect file format 'user'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 220: Incorrect file format 'user'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 244: Incorrect file format 'db'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 249: Incorrect file format 'db'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 279: Incorrect file format 'func'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 281: Incorrect file format 'func'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 312: Incorrect file format 'plugin'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 317: Incorrect file format 'user'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 318: Incorrect file format 'db'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 319: Incorrect file format 'db'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 322: Incorrect file format 'user'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 323: Incorrect file format 'user'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 324: Incorrect file format 'db'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 325: Incorrect file format 'db'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 328: Incorrect file format 'user'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 329: Incorrect file format 'user'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 330: Incorrect file format 'user'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 332: Incorrect file format 'user'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 333: Incorrect file format 'db'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 334: Incorrect file format 'db'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 337: Incorrect file format 'user'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 338: Incorrect file format 'user'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 339: Incorrect file format 'db'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 340: Incorrect file format 'db'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 343: Incorrect file format 'user'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 344: Incorrect file format 'user'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 345: Incorrect file format 'db'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 346: Incorrect file format 'db'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 349: Incorrect file format 'user'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 350: Incorrect file format 'db'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 352: Incorrect file format 'user'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 353: Incorrect file format 'user'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 355: Incorrect file format 'user'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 356: Incorrect file format 'user'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 357: Incorrect file format 'user'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 358: Incorrect file format 'user'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 361: Incorrect file format 'procs_priv'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 364: Incorrect file format 'procs_priv'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 367: Incorrect file format 'procs_priv'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 370: Incorrect file format 'procs_priv'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 373: Incorrect file format 'procs_priv'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 472: Incorrect file format 'user'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 473: Incorrect file format 'user'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 474: Incorrect file format 'user'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 475: Incorrect file format 'user'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 476: Incorrect file format 'db'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 477: Incorrect file format 'db'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 478: Incorrect file format 'event'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 479: Incorrect file format 'event'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 480: Incorrect file format 'event'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 481: Incorrect file format 'event'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 515: Incorrect file format 'event'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 516: Incorrect file format 'event'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 517: Incorrect file format 'event'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 518: Incorrect file format 'event'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 519: Incorrect file format 'event'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 521: Incorrect file format 'event'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 524: Incorrect file format 'event'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 526: Incorrect file format 'event'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 529: Incorrect file format 'event'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 531: Incorrect file format 'event'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 534: Incorrect file format 'event'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 536: Incorrect file format 'event'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 538: Incorrect file format 'event'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 539: Incorrect file format 'db'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 541: Incorrect file format 'user'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 542: Incorrect file format 'user'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 543: Incorrect file format 'user'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 546: Incorrect file format 'db'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 547: Incorrect file format 'db'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 548: Incorrect file format 'user'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 550: Incorrect file format 'user'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 551: Incorrect file format 'user'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 552: Incorrect file format 'user'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 553: Incorrect file format 'user'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 554: Incorrect file format 'user'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 555: Incorrect file format 'user'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 556: Incorrect file format 'user'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 557: Incorrect file format 'user'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 558: Incorrect file format 'user'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 559: Incorrect file format 'user'
ERROR 1436 (HY000) at line 574: Thread stack overrun:  4864 bytes used of a 131072 byte stack, and 0 bytes needed.  Use 'mysqld --thread_stack=#' to specify a bigger stack.
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 577: Incorrect file format 'user'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 597: Incorrect file format 'user'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 598: Incorrect file format 'db'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 599: Incorrect file format 'tables_priv'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 600: Incorrect file format 'columns_priv'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 601: Incorrect file format 'procs_priv'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 603: Incorrect file format 'event'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 608: Incorrect file format 'procs_priv'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 609: Incorrect file format 'tables_priv'
ERROR 130 (HY000) at line 625: Incorrect file format 'event'
ERROR 1050 (42S01) at line 644: Table 'cond_instances' already exists
ERROR 1050 (42S01) at line 669: Table 'events_waits_current' already exists
ERROR 1050 (42S01) at line 694: Table 'events_waits_history' already exists
ERROR 1050 (42S01) at line 719: Table 'events_waits_history_long' already exists
ERROR 1050 (42S01) at line 732: Table 'events_waits_summary_by_instance' already exists
ERROR 1050 (42S01) at line 745: Table 'events_waits_summary_by_host_by_event_name' already exists
ERROR 1050 (42S01) at line 758: Table 'events_waits_summary_by_user_by_event_name' already exists
ERROR 1050 (42S01) at line 772: Table 'events_waits_summary_by_account_by_event_name' already exists
ERROR 1050 (42S01) at line 785: Table 'events_waits_summary_by_thread_by_event_name' already exists
ERROR 1050 (42S01) at line 797: Table 'events_waits_summary_global_by_event_name' already exists
ERROR 1050 (42S01) at line 806: Table 'file_instances' already exists
ERROR 1050 (42S01) at line 835: Table 'file_summary_by_event_name' already exists
ERROR 1050 (42S01) at line 866: Table 'file_summary_by_instance' already exists
ERROR 1050 (42S01) at line 879: Table 'socket_instances' already exists
ERROR 1050 (42S01) at line 909: Table 'socket_summary_by_instance' already exists
ERROR 1050 (42S01) at line 938: Table 'socket_summary_by_event_name' already exists
ERROR 1050 (42S01) at line 973: Table 'host_cache' already exists
ERROR 1050 (42S01) at line 982: Table 'mutex_instances' already exists
ERROR 1050 (42S01) at line 996: Table 'objects_summary_global_by_type' already exists
ERROR 1050 (42S01) at line 1006: Table 'performance_timers' already exists
ERROR 1050 (42S01) at line 1016: Table 'rwlock_instances' already exists
ERROR 1050 (42S01) at line 1025: Table 'setup_actors' already exists
ERROR 1050 (42S01) at line 1033: Table 'setup_consumers' already exists
ERROR 1050 (42S01) at line 1042: Table 'setup_instruments' already exists
ERROR 1050 (42S01) at line 1053: Table 'setup_objects' already exists
ERROR 1050 (42S01) at line 1061: Table 'setup_timers' already exists
ERROR 1050 (42S01) at line 1106: Table 'table_io_waits_summary_by_index_usage' already exists
ERROR 1050 (42S01) at line 1150: Table 'table_io_waits_summary_by_table' already exists
ERROR 1050 (42S01) at line 1229: Table 'table_lock_waits_summary_by_table' already exists
ERROR 1050 (42S01) at line 1249: Table 'threads' already exists
ERROR 1050 (42S01) at line 1265: Table 'events_stages_current' already exists
ERROR 1050 (42S01) at line 1281: Table 'events_stages_history' already exists
ERROR 1050 (42S01) at line 1297: Table 'events_stages_history_long' already exists
ERROR 1050 (42S01) at line 1310: Table 'events_stages_summary_by_thread_by_event_name' already exists
ERROR 1050 (42S01) at line 1323: Table 'events_stages_summary_by_host_by_event_name' already exists
ERROR 1050 (42S01) at line 1336: Table 'events_stages_summary_by_user_by_event_name' already exists
ERROR 1050 (42S01) at line 1350: Table 'events_stages_summary_by_account_by_event_name' already exists
ERROR 1050 (42S01) at line 1362: Table 'events_stages_summary_global_by_event_name' already exists
ERROR 1050 (42S01) at line 1408: Table 'events_statements_current' already exists
ERROR 1050 (42S01) at line 1454: Table 'events_statements_history' already exists
ERROR 1050 (42S01) at line 1500: Table 'events_statements_history_long' already exists
ERROR 1050 (42S01) at line 1532: Table 'events_statements_summary_by_thread_by_event_name' already exists
ERROR 1050 (42S01) at line 1564: Table 'events_statements_summary_by_host_by_event_name' already exists
ERROR 1050 (42S01) at line 1596: Table 'events_statements_summary_by_user_by_event_name' already exists
ERROR 1050 (42S01) at line 1629: Table 'events_statements_summary_by_account_by_event_name' already exists
ERROR 1050 (42S01) at line 1660: Table 'events_statements_summary_global_by_event_name' already exists
ERROR 1050 (42S01) at line 1669: Table 'hosts' already exists
ERROR 1050 (42S01) at line 1678: Table 'users' already exists
ERROR 1050 (42S01) at line 1688: Table 'accounts' already exists
ERROR 1050 (42S01) at line 1723: Table 'events_statements_summary_by_digest' already exists
ERROR 1050 (42S01) at line 1733: Table 'session_connect_attrs' already exists
ERROR 1050 (42S01) at line 1739: Table 'session_account_connect_attrs' already exists
FATAL ERROR: Upgrade failed

[更新]

通过删除所有表来修复。

debian mysql
Martin Hope
Folaht
Asked: 2018-01-09 00:12:35 +0800 CST
  • 10

我创建了一个服务。

admin@Xroklaus:~ $ cat /etc/systemd/user/duniter.service 
[Unit]
Description=Duniter node
After=network.target
ConditionPathExists=/home/folatt/.config/duniter/duniter_default/duniter.db

[Service]
Group=folatt
User=folatt
Type=forking
ExecStart=/usr/bin/duniter webstart
ExecReload=/usr/bin/duniter webrestart
ExecStop=/usr/bin/duniter stop
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

重新启动后，它不会加载。

folatt@Xroklaus:~ $ systemctl --user status duniter.service
● duniter.service - Duniter node
   Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/user/duniter.service; enabled)
   Active: failed (Result: start-limit) since Sun 2018-01-07 20:31:43 UTC; 1min 3s ago
  Process: 2212 ExecStart=/usr/bin/duniter webstart (code=exited, status=216/GROUP)

Journalctl 提供了有关错误的更多信息。

admin@Xroklaus:~ $ sudo journalctl -p 3 --no-pager
-- Logs begin at Sun 2018-01-07 20:30:33 UTC, end at Sun 2018-01-07 20:31:49 UTC. --
Jan 07 20:30:39 Xroklaus bluetoothd[876]: Sap driver initialization failed.
Jan 07 20:30:39 Xroklaus bluetoothd[876]: sap-server: Operation not permitted (1)
Jan 07 20:31:26 Xroklaus systemd[1]: Failed to start LSB: Start and stop the mysql database server daemon.
Jan 07 20:31:42 Xroklaus systemd[2203]: Failed at step GROUP spawning /usr/bin/duniter: Operation not permitted
Jan 07 20:31:42 Xroklaus systemd[2177]: Failed to start Duniter node.
Jan 07 20:31:42 Xroklaus systemd[2206]: Failed at step GROUP spawning /usr/bin/duniter: Operation not permitted
Jan 07 20:31:42 Xroklaus systemd[2177]: Failed to start Duniter node.
Jan 07 20:31:43 Xroklaus systemd[2208]: Failed at step GROUP spawning /usr/bin/duniter: Operation not permitted
Jan 07 20:31:43 Xroklaus systemd[2177]: Failed to start Duniter node.
Jan 07 20:31:43 Xroklaus systemd[2210]: Failed at step GROUP spawning /usr/bin/duniter: Operation not permitted
Jan 07 20:31:43 Xroklaus systemd[2177]: Failed to start Duniter node.
Jan 07 20:31:43 Xroklaus systemd[2212]: Failed at step GROUP spawning /usr/bin/duniter: Operation not permitted
Jan 07 20:31:43 Xroklaus systemd[2177]: Failed to start Duniter node.
Jan 07 20:31:43 Xroklaus systemd[2177]: Failed to start Duniter node.

但这就是我所得到的。我不知道解决方案是什么。

systemd raspbian