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Accepted
Rolf
Asked: 2019-03-09 02:03:56 +0800 CST

为什么 apt-get 忽略目标参数？

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我的 Debian 系统设置为默认安装不稳定的软件包

$ cat /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/99defaultrelease 
APT::Default-Release "unstable";

但是，我想automake从stable1.15 版中提取

$ apt-cache policy automake
automake:
  Installed: (none)
  Candidate: 1:1.16.1-4
  Version table:
     1:1.16.1-4 990
        500 http://deb.debian.org/debian testing/main amd64 Packages
        500 http://deb.debian.org/debian testing/main i386 Packages
        990 http://deb.debian.org/debian unstable/main amd64 Packages
        990 http://deb.debian.org/debian unstable/main i386 Packages
        990 http://deb.debian.org/debian sid/main amd64 Packages
        990 http://deb.debian.org/debian sid/main i386 Packages
     1:1.15-6 500
        500 http://deb.debian.org/debian stable/main amd64 Packages
        500 http://deb.debian.org/debian stable/main i386 Packages

但是每当我告诉它 installautomake/stable或automakewith 时-t stable，都会apt忽略该部分。

$ apt-get install automake -t stable --dry-run
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
  autoconf autotools-dev
Suggested packages:
  autoconf-archive gnu-standards autoconf-doc libtool
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  autoconf automake autotools-dev
0 upgraded, 3 newly installed, 0 to remove and 125 not upgraded.
Inst autoconf (2.69-11 Debian:testing, Debian:unstable [all])
Inst autotools-dev (20180224.1 Debian:testing, Debian:unstable [all])
Inst automake (1:1.16.1-4 Debian:testing, Debian:unstable [all])
Conf autoconf (2.69-11 Debian:testing, Debian:unstable [all])
Conf autotools-dev (20180224.1 Debian:testing, Debian:unstable [all])
Conf automake (1:1.16.1-4 Debian:testing, Debian:unstable [all])

我可以像这样指定包版本：

apt-get install automake=1:1.15-6

这应该可以解决我的问题，尽管依赖项（autoconf、autotools-dev 等）仍然会从不稳定的环境中安装，这有点令人担忧。

无论如何，为什么在这种情况下忽略给定的目标？

另外 - 这不是一个问题 - 如果这种行为是“设计使然”，我认为如果apt可以打印一些信息通知会非常好。

编辑

这是apt -t stable policy automake（注意：安装后automake）的输出

$ apt -t stable policy automake
automake:
  Installed: 1:1.16.1-4
  Candidate: 1:1.16.1-4
  Version table:
 *** 1:1.16.1-4 1001
        500 http://deb.debian.org/debian testing/main amd64 Packages
        500 http://deb.debian.org/debian testing/main i386 Packages
       1001 http://deb.debian.org/debian unstable/main amd64 Packages
       1001 http://deb.debian.org/debian unstable/main i386 Packages
       1001 http://deb.debian.org/debian sid/main amd64 Packages
       1001 http://deb.debian.org/debian sid/main i386 Packages
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
     1:1.15-6 990
        990 http://deb.debian.org/debian stable/main amd64 Packages
        990 http://deb.debian.org/debian stable/main i386 Packages

由于这可能是优先级的问题，因此这也可能是相关的：

$ cat /etc/apt/preferences
Package: *
Pin: release a=unstable
Pin-Priority: 1001
debian apt

1 个回答

  1. Best Answer

    您看到的行为来自您定义的优先级。设置默认发布，使用Default-Releaseor -t，对应版本设置优先级为 990；你对不稳定的 1001 的优先级总是超过它。

    详情请参阅man apt_preferences。

    • 2

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