`declare` 不会导致缺少函数/命令的问题？

摘要：如果bash我尝试将缺失函数的输出分配给先前的declared（即，不是 {constant，read-only}）变量，我可以通过“正常”测试检测到失败。但是，如果我在对它进行操作时尝试将缺失函数的输出分配给一个变量declare（例如，使 var {constant, read-only}），不仅分配不会因“正常”测试而失败，而且我不能使用“正常”内置函数强制失败。我怎样才能使后一种情况失败？

细节：

我最近在一个更大的bash脚本中遇到了一个问题，我试图将其提炼成以下 2 个脚本。基本上，我有点像用bash( snark > /dev/null) 做 TDD，所以除其他外

• 我希望缺少的命令/功能快速失败
• 我想防止重写常量

但是，bash似乎允许我在declare输入 var 时将缺失函数的输出分配给变量。例如，以下脚本（另存为/path/to/assign_at_declare.sh）...

#!/usr/bin/env bash

function foo() {
    return 0
}

# function bar() {}               # does not exist!

declare ret_val=''
declare -r MESSAGE_PREFIX="$(basename "${BASH_SOURCE}"):"
declare -r ERROR_PREFIX="${MESSAGE_PREFIX} ERROR:"

echo -e "\n${MESSAGE_PREFIX} a naïve 1st attempt:\n"

declare -ir FOO1_VAL="$(foo)"   # this should succeed, and does
ret_val="${?}"
if   [[ "${ret_val}" -ne 0  ]] ; then
    >&2 echo "${ERROR_PREFIX} foo returned '${ret_val}', exiting ..."
    exit 3
elif [[ -z "${FOO1_VAL}"  ]] ; then
    >&2 echo "${ERROR_PREFIX} foo returned null, exiting ..."
    exit 4
else
    echo "${MESSAGE_PREFIX} FOO1_VAL='${FOO1_VAL}'"
fi

declare -ir BAR1_VAL="$(bar)"   # this should fail ... but doesn't
ret_val="${?}"
if   [[ "${ret_val}" -ne 0  ]] ; then
    >&2 echo "${ERROR_PREFIX} bar returned '${ret_val}', exiting ..."
    exit 5
elif [[ -z "${BAR1_VAL}"  ]] ; then
    >&2 echo "${ERROR_PREFIX} bar returned null, exiting ..."
    exit 6
else
    echo "${MESSAGE_PREFIX} BAR1_VAL='${BAR1_VAL}'"
fi

echo -e "\n${MESSAGE_PREFIX} get tough using \`set\` builtins:\n"
# see https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/html_node/The-Set-Builtin.html
set -o errexit
set -o pipefail

declare -ir FOO2_VAL="$(foo)"   # this should succeed, and does
ret_val="${?}"
if   [[ "${ret_val}" -ne 0  ]] ; then
    >&2 echo "${ERROR_PREFIX} foo returned '${ret_val}', exiting ..."
    exit 3
elif [[ -z "${FOO2_VAL}"  ]] ; then
    >&2 echo "${ERROR_PREFIX} foo returned null, exiting ..."
    exit 4
else
    echo "${MESSAGE_PREFIX} FOO2_VAL='${FOO2_VAL}'"
fi

declare -ir BAR2_VAL="$(bar)"   # this should fail ... but doesn't
ret_val="${?}"
if   [[ "${ret_val}" -ne 0  ]] ; then
    >&2 echo "${ERROR_PREFIX} bar returned '${ret_val}', exiting ..."
    exit 5
elif [[ -z "${BAR2_VAL}"  ]] ; then
    >&2 echo "${ERROR_PREFIX} bar returned null, exiting ..."
    exit 6
else
    echo "${MESSAGE_PREFIX} BAR2_VAL='${BAR2_VAL}'"
fi

exit 0

...产生以下输出：

assign_at_declare.sh: a naïve 1st attempt:

assign_at_declare.sh: FOO1_VAL='0'
/path/to/assign_at_declare.sh: line 27: bar: command not found
assign_at_declare.sh: BAR1_VAL='0'

assign_at_declare.sh: get tough using `set` builtins:

assign_at_declare.sh: FOO2_VAL='0'
/path/to/assign_at_declare.sh: line 56: bar: command not found
assign_at_declare.sh: BAR2_VAL='0'

这看起来很奇怪，因为如果我在输入 var后 declare尝试将缺失函数的输出分配给变量（即，如果 var不是{constant, read-only}） ，我没有观察到这种行为，如以下脚本所示（另存为/path/to/assign_after_declare.sh）...

#!/usr/bin/env bash

function foo() {
    return 0
}

# function bar() {}           # does not exist!

declare ret_val=''
declare -i foo_val=0
declare -i bar_val=0
declare -r MESSAGE_PREFIX="$(basename "${BASH_SOURCE}"):"
declare -r ERROR_PREFIX="${MESSAGE_PREFIX} ERROR:"

echo -e "\n${MESSAGE_PREFIX} following works as expected\n"

foo_val="$(foo)"           # this should succeed, and does with/out `declare`
ret_val="${?}"
if   [[ "${ret_val}" -ne 0  ]] ; then
    >&2 echo "${ERROR_PREFIX} foo returned '${ret_val}', exiting ..."
    exit 3
elif [[ -z "${foo_val}"  ]] ; then
    >&2 echo "${ERROR_PREFIX} foo returned null, exiting ..."
    exit 4
else
    echo "${MESSAGE_PREFIX} foo_val='${foo_val}'"
fi

bar_val="$(bar)"           # this succeeds with `declare`, fails without
ret_val="${?}"
if   [[ "${ret_val}" -ne 0  ]] ; then
    >&2 echo "${ERROR_PREFIX} bar returned '${ret_val}', exiting ..."
    exit 5
elif [[ -z "${bar_val}"  ]] ; then
    >&2 echo "${ERROR_PREFIX} bar returned null, exiting ..."
    exit 6
else
    echo "${MESSAGE_PREFIX} bar_val='${bar_val}'"
fi

exit 0

...产生以下输出：

assign_after_declare.sh: following works as expected

assign_after_declare.sh: foo_val='0'
/path/to/assign_after_declare.sh: line 29: bar: command not found
assign_after_declare.sh: ERROR: bar returned '127', exiting ...

在 a 期间分配时有没有办法强制bash快速失败？如果是这样，我等待您的答复。declare

或者，是否bash按设计工作？如果是这样，请链接到参考资料；我试着搜索这个问题，但我的选择器要么不正确，要么返回了太多不相关的响应，以至于毫无用处。