我有一台操作系统为 Ubuntu 18.04.03 的服务器，在四个不同的接口上配置了四个 IP 地址。现在有一个界面需要重启，不能干扰其他三个界面。所以我认为我不能使用sudo netplan apply. 有没有办法重新启动特定的界面？
先感谢您！
NFS 服务器 IP 为 192.168.0.70，NFS 客户端 IP 为 192.168.0.84。
我的/etc/exports文件是这样的：
/my/share/dir 192.168.0.84(ro,sync,no_subtree_check)
我使用下面的推荐来安装：
sudo mount -t nfs 192.168.0.70:/my/share/dir /mnt/my_mount
错误信息是：
username@client84:~$ sudo mount -t nfs 192.168.0.70:/src_dir/ /home/username/mount_point/
mount.nfs: Connection timed out
NFS serverm 的状态为：
username@server70:~$ systemctl status nfs-kernel-server.service
● nfs-kernel-server.service - LSB: Kernel NFS server support
Loaded: loaded (/etc/init.d/nfs-kernel-server)
Active: active (exited) since Wed 2020-01-08 15:04:49 CST; 19h ago
Process: 7199 ExecStop=/etc/init.d/nfs-kernel-server stop (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 7209 ExecStart=/etc/init.d/nfs-kernel-server start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
我在 NFS 服务器上尝试了捕获包，这就是我得到的：
15:09:43.563798 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 54562, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 60)
192.168.0.84.760 > 192.168.0.70.2049: Flags [S], cksum 0x794a (correct), seq 1313175943, win 29200, options [mss 1460,sackOK,TS val 3280514213 ecr 0,nop,wscale 7], length 0
15:09:43.563826 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 24797, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 40)
192.168.0.70.2049 > 192.168.0.84.760: Flags [R.], cksum 0xc358 (correct), seq 0, ack 1313175944, win 0, length 0
15:09:44.564453 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 3109, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 60)
192.168.0.84.926 > 192.168.0.70.2049: Flags [S], cksum 0xdeea (correct), seq 3201409466, win 29200, options [mss 1460,sackOK,TS val 3280514463 ecr 0,nop,wscale 7], length 0
15:09:44.564485 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 24971, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 40)
192.168.0.70.2049 > 192.168.0.84.926: Flags [R.], cksum 0x29f3 (correct), seq 0, ack 3201409467, win 0, length 0
15:09:46.565080 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 20545, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 60)
192.168.0.84.979 > 192.168.0.70.2049: Flags [S], cksum 0xef6c (correct), seq 1309605842, win 29200, options [mss 1460,sackOK,TS val 3280514963 ecr 0,nop,wscale 7], length 0
15:09:46.565101 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 25141, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 40)
192.168.0.70.2049 > 192.168.0.84.979: Flags [R.], cksum 0x3c69 (correct), seq 0, ack 1309605843, win 0, length 0
15:09:48.565600 ARP, Ethernet (len 6), IPv4 (len 4), Request who-has 192.168.0.70 tell 192.168.0.84, length 46
15:09:48.565630 ARP, Ethernet (len 6), IPv4 (len 4), Reply 192.168.0.70 is-at aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff, length 28
15:09:50.565751 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 27321, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 60)
192.168.0.84.861 > 192.168.0.70.2049: Flags [S], cksum 0x3093 (correct), seq 797104581, win 29200, options [mss 1460,sackOK,TS val 3280515964 ecr 0,nop,wscale 7], length 0
15:09:50.565779 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 25423, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 40)
192.168.0.70.2049 > 192.168.0.84.861: Flags [R.], cksumARP 0x8178 (correct), seq 0, ack 797104582, win 0, length 0
15:09:55.579799 ARP, Ethernet (len 6), IPv4 (len 4), Request who-has 192.168.0.84 tell 192.168.0.70, length 28
15:09:55.580001 ARP, Ethernet (len 6), IPv4 (len 4), Reply 192.168.0.84 is-at aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff, length 46
15:09:58.566416 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 36260, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 60)
192.168.0.84.959 > 192.168.0.70.2049: Flags [S], cksum 0x15eb (correct), seq 3839178472, win 29200, options [mss 1460,sackOK,TS val 3280517964 ecr 0,nop,wscale 7], length 0
15:09:58.566449 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 26424, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 40)
192.168.0.70.2049 > 192.168.0.84.959: Flags [R.], cksum 0x6ea0 (correct), seq 0, ack 3839178473, win 0, length 0
15:10:08.567151 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 40969, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 60)
192.168.0.84.889 > 192.168.0.70.2049: Flags [S], cksum 0x067e (correct), seq 3163776281, win 29200, options [mss 1460,sackOK,TS val 3280520464 ecr 0,nop,wscale 7], length 0
15:10:08.567203 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 26636, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 40)
192.168.0.70.2049 > 192.168.0.84.889: Flags [R.], cksum 0x68f7 (correct), seq 0, ack 3163776282, win 0, length 0
15:10:18.567873 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 4325, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 60)
192.168.0.84.671 > 192.168.0.70.2049: Flags [S], cksum 0xf5c0 (correct), seq 1263459889, win 29200, options [mss 1460,sackOK,TS val 3280522964 ecr 0,nop,wscale 7], length 0
15:10:18.567897 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 27229, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 40)
192.168.0.70.2049 > 192.168.0.84.671: Flags [R.], cksum 0x61fe (correct), seq 0, ack 1263459890, win 0, length 0
15:10:28.568630 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 38694, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 60)
192.168.0.84.853 > 192.168.0.70.2049: Flags [S], cksum 0x9aff (correct), seq 705253310, win 29200, options [mss 1460,sackOK,TS val 3280525464 ecr 0,nop,wscale 7], length 0
15:10:28.568665 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 29520, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 40)
192.168.0.70.2049 > 192.168.0.84.853: Flags [R.], cksum 0x1101 (correct), seq 0, ack 705253311, win 0, length 0
15:10:38.569313 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 40959, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 60)
192.168.0.84.929 > 192.168.0.70.2049: Flags [S], cksum 0x8924 (correct), seq 66026915, win 29200, options [mss 1460,sackOK,TS val 3280527964 ecr 0,nop,wscale 7], length 0
15:10:38.569343 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 31363, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 40)
192.168.0.70.2049 > 192.168.0.84.929: Flags [R.], cksum 0x08ea (correct), seq 0, ack 66026916, win 0, length 0
15:10:43.573606 ARP, Ethernet (len 6), IPv4 (len 4), Request who-has 192.168.0.70 tell 192.168.0.84, length 46
15:10:43.573620 ARP, Ethernet (len 6), IPv4 (len 4), Reply 192.168.0.70 is-at aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff, length 28
15:10:48.570034 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 25891, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 60)
192.168.0.84.722 > 192.168.0.70.2049: Flags [S], cksum 0x687f (correct), seq 272599298, win 29200, options [mss 1460,sackOK,TS val 3280530465 ecr 0,nop,wscale 7], length 0
15:10:48.570077 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 32321, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 40)
192.168.0.70.2049 > 192.168.0.84.722: Flags [R.], cksum 0xf209 (correct), seq 0, ack 272599299, win 0, length 0
15:10:53.579804 ARP, Ethernet (len 6), IPv4 (len 4), Request who-has 192.168.0.84 tell 192.168.0.70, length 28
15:10:53.580011 ARP, Ethernet (len 6), IPv4 (len 4), Reply 192.168.0.84 is-at aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff, length 46
15:10:58.570709 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 41869, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 60)
192.168.0.84.749 > 192.168.0.70.2049: Flags [S], cksum 0x7edd (correct), seq 580671080, win 29200, options [mss 1460,sackOK,TS val 3280532965 ecr 0,nop,wscale 7], length 0
15:10:58.570731 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 32668, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 40)
192.168.0.70.2049 > 192.168.0.84.749: Flags [R.], cksum 0x122c (correct), seq 0, ack 580671081, win 0, length 0
15:11:08.571380 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 3221, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 60)
192.168.0.84.817 > 192.168.0.70.2049: Flags [S], cksum 0xf10d (correct), seq 160428860, win 29200, options [mss 1460,sackOK,TS val 3280535465 ecr 0,nop,wscale 7], length 0
15:11:08.571416 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 33817, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 40)
192.168.0.70.2049 > 192.168.0.84.817: Flags [R.], cksum 0x8e20 (correct), seq 0, ack 160428861, win 0, length 0
15:11:18.572069 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 47816, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 60)
192.168.0.84.753 > 192.168.0.70.2049: Flags [S], cksum 0xb122 (correct), seq 2139992997, win 29200, options [mss 1460,sackOK,TS val 3280537965 ecr 0,nop,wscale 7], length 0
15:11:18.572107 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 34217, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 40)
192.168.0.70.2049 > 192.168.0.84.753: Flags [R.], cksum 0x57f9 (correct), seq 0, ack 2139992998, win 0, length 0
15:11:28.572748 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 64308, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 60)
192.168.0.84.867 > 192.168.0.70.2049: Flags [S], cksum 0x9ade (correct), seq 1463543813, win 29200, options [mss 1460,sackOK,TS val 3280540465 ecr 0,nop,wscale 7], length 0
15:11:28.572775 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 36325, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 40)
192.168.0.70.2049 > 192.168.0.84.867: Flags [R.], cksum 0x4b79 (correct), seq 0, ack 1463543814, win 0, length 0
15:11:33.579799 ARP, Ethernet (len 6), IPv4 (len 4), Request who-has 192.168.0.84 tell 192.168.0.70, length 28
15:11:33.580030 ARP, Ethernet (len 6), IPv4 (len 4), Reply 192.168.0.84 is-at aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff, length 46
15:11:38.573414 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 63669, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 60)
192.168.0.84.920 > 192.168.0.70.2049: Flags [S], cksum 0xf76b (correct), seq 4101628992, win 29200, options [mss 1460,sackOK,TS val 3280542965 ecr 0,nop,wscale 7], length 0
15:11:38.573440 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 38585, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 40)
192.168.0.70.2049 > 192.168.0.84.920: Flags [R.], cksum 0xb1ca (correct), seq 0, ack 4101628993, win 0, length 0
15:11:48.574103 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 28920, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 60)
192.168.0.84.769 > 192.168.0.70.2049: Flags [S], cksum 0xb826 (correct), seq 3096401474, win 29200, options [mss 1460,sackOK,TS val 3280545466 ecr 0,nop,wscale 7], length 0
15:11:48.574137 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 38789, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 40)
192.168.0.70.2049 > 192.168.0.84.769: Flags [R.], cksum 0x7c4a (correct), seq 0, ack 3096401475, win 0, length 0
请给我一些建议，提前谢谢你。
我买了一些可以超频的记忆棒。默认频率为 2.4GHz，频率最高可配置为 3.6GHz。我在 BIOS 中配置了频率和电压，将频率设置为 3.6GHz。然后我运行memtester86 8.1，测试超频是否稳定，它通过了所有测试，在3.6 GHz上没有错误。最后进入操作系统（我的操作系统版本是18.04），执行sudo dmidecode --type 17 | grep -i speed，如下图：
Speed: 2400 MT/s
Configured Clock Speed: 3600 MT/s
Speed: 2400 MT/s
Configured Clock Speed: 3600 MT/s
Speed: 2400 MT/s
Configured Clock Speed: 3600 MT/s
Speed: 2400 MT/s
Configured Clock Speed: 3600 MT/s
Speed: 2400 MT/s
Configured Clock Speed: 3600 MT/s
Speed: 2400 MT/s
Configured Clock Speed: 3600 MT/s
Speed: 2400 MT/s
Configured Clock Speed: 3600 MT/s
Speed: 2400 MT/s
Configured Clock Speed: 3600 MT/s
我想知道我记忆的“实际”频率是多少？我超频成功了吗？我尝试了另一个命令，sudo lshw -short -C memory，它显示了这一点：
H/W path Device Class Description
=========================================================
/0/0 memory 64KiB BIOS
/0/1b memory System Memory
/0/1b/0 memory 8GiB DIMM DDR4 Synchronous 2400 MHz (0.4 ns)
/0/1b/1 memory 8GiB DIMM DDR4 Synchronous 2400 MHz (0.4 ns)
/0/1b/2 memory 8GiB DIMM DDR4 Synchronous 2400 MHz (0.4 ns)
/0/1b/3 memory 8GiB DIMM DDR4 Synchronous 2400 MHz (0.4 ns)
/0/20 memory System Memory
/0/20/0 memory 8GiB DIMM DDR4 Synchronous 2400 MHz (0.4 ns)
/0/20/1 memory 8GiB DIMM DDR4 Synchronous 2400 MHz (0.4 ns)
/0/20/2 memory 8GiB DIMM DDR4 Synchronous 2400 MHz (0.4 ns)
/0/20/3 memory 8GiB DIMM DDR4 Synchronous 2400 MHz (0.4 ns)
/0/33 memory 768KiB L1 cache
/0/34 memory 12MiB L2 cache
/0/35 memory 19MiB L3 cache
/0/1 memory
/0/3 memory
/0/100/1f.2 memory Memory controller
只会让我更加困惑。与操作系统无关的剂量超频？或者我应该添加一些有效负载来让内存加速？你能给我一些建议吗？谢谢！
今天我执行sudo apt update并sudo apt upgrade升级我的操作系统。它下载了大约 300MB 的文件。升级后显示如下：
Errors were encountered while processing:
nfs-common
samba-common
cups-daemon
postgresql-10
cups-core-drivers
winbind
libpam-winbind:amd64
samba
samba-common-bin
linux-firmware
libnss-winbind:amd64
cups
linux-image-generic
linux-generic
我想可能是依赖问题，所以我执行 comman sudo apt install -f。它给出了更多错误：
eading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
linux-image-4.4.0-146-generic linux-modules-4.4.0-146-generic
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
16 not fully installed or removed.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
Setting up samba-common (2:4.7.6+dfsg~ubuntu-0ubuntu2.10) ...
dpkg: error processing package samba-common (--configure):
installed samba-common package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 10
Setting up cups-daemon (2.2.7-1ubuntu2.5) ...
/var/lib/dpkg/info/cups-daemon.postinst: 150: /var/lib/dpkg/info/cups-daemon.postinst: update-rc.d: not found
dpkg: error processing package cups-daemon (--configure):
installed cups-daemon package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 127
Setting up postgresql-10 (10.8-0ubuntu0.18.04.1) ...
/var/lib/dpkg/info/postgresql-10.postinst: 110: /var/lib/dpkg/info/postgresql-10.postinst: invoke-rc.d: not found
dpkg: error processing package postgresql-10 (--configure):
installed postgresql-10 package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 127
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of cups-core-drivers:
cups-core-drivers depends on cups-daemon (>= 2.2.7-1ubuntu2.5); however:
Package cups-daemon is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing package cups-core-drivers (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of winbind:
winbind depends on samba-common (= 2:4.7.6+dfsg~ubuntu-0ubuntu2.10); however:
Package samba-common is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing package winbind (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Setting up auditd (1:2.8.2-1ubuntu1) ...
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
/var/lib/dpkg/info/auditd.postinst: 62: /var/lib/dpkg/info/auditd.postinst: update-rc.d: not found
dpkg: error processing package auditd (--configure):
installed auditd package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 127
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of libpam-winbind:amd64:
libpam-winbind:amd64 depends on samba-common (= 2:4.7.6+dfsg~ubuntu-0ubuntu2.10); however:
Package samba-common is not configured yet.
libpam-winbind:amd64 depends on winbind (= 2:4.7.6+dfsg~ubuntu-0ubuntu2.10); however:
Package winbind is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing package libpam-winbind:amd64 (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of samba:
samba depends on samba-common (= 2:4.7.6+dfsg~ubuntu-0ubuntu2.10); however:
Package samba-common is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing package samba (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of samba-common-bin:
samba-common-bNo apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
in depends on samba-common (= 2:4.7.6+dfsg~ubuntu-0ubuntu2.10); however:
Package samba-common is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing package samba-common-bin (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Setting up linux-firmware (1.173.6) ...
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-4.15.0-48-generic
/usr/sbin/update-initramfs: 157: /usr/sbin/update-initramfs: mkinitramfs: not found
update-initramfs: failed for /boot/initrd.img-4.15.0-48-generic with 127.
dpkg: error processing package linux-firmware (--configure):
installed linux-firmware package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 127
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
Setting up rpcbind (0.2.3-0.6) ...
/var/lib/dpkg/info/rpcbind.postinst: 92: /var/lib/dpkg/info/rpcbind.postinst: update-rc.d: not found
dpkg: error processing package rpcbind (--configure):
installed rpcbind package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 127
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of libnss-winbind:amd64:
libnss-winbind:amd64 depends on samba-common (= 2:4.7.6+dfsg~ubuntu-0ubuntu2.10); however:
Package samba-common is not configured yet.
libnss-winbind:amd64 depends on winbind (= 2:4.7.6+dfsg~ubuntu-0ubuntu2.10); however:
Package winbind is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing package libnss-winbind:amd64 (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of nfs-common:
nfs-common depends on rpcbind; however:
Package rpcbind is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing package nfs-common (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of cups:
cups depends on cups-core-drivers (>= 2.2.7-1ubuntu2.5); however:
Package cups-core-drivers is not configured yet.
cups depends on cups-daemon (>= 2.2.7-1ubuntu2.5); however:
Package cups-daemon is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing package cups (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-image-generic:
linux-image-generic depends on linux-firmware; however:
Package linux-firmware is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing package linux-image-generic (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-generic:
linux-generic depends on linux-image-generic (= 4.15.0.50.52); however:
Package linux-image-generic is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing package linux-generic (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
Errors were encountered while processing:
samba-common
cups-daemon
postgresql-10
cups-core-drivers
winbind
auditd
libpam-winbind:amd64
samba
samba-common-bin
linux-firmware
rpcbind
libnss-winbind:amd64
nfs-common
cups
linux-image-generic
linux-generic
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
我的操作系统版本是：
Linux MyUbuntu105 4.15.0-48-generic #51-Ubuntu SMP Wed Apr 3 08:28:49 UTC 2019 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
我只是将操作系统从 16.04 升级到 18.04，这会导致这个问题吗？我该如何解决？谢谢！