我在 ubuntu 16.04 启动屏幕上有一个空白屏幕问题。fsck /dev/sda1最初我是用这篇文章修复我的硬盘。
在尝试解决启动时的黑屏/黑屏问题时，我遵循以下说明：
Ubuntu 16.04 [gnome desktop] 启动到一个空白屏幕，上面有一个光标。
...使用：
chmod 777 /
shutdown -r
等等
在恢复模式的“根终端”中，但它只允许“只读”。我怎样才能让它进入“写模式”呢？
遵循以下方法：
它允许chmod 777 /但不接受shutdown -r
谁能帮助解决 Netgen 5.3.1 的运行时错误。NETGEN是一个自动 3d 四面体网格生成器。错误信息是：
:/opt/netgen/bin$ ./netgen
NETGEN-5.3.1
Developed by Joachim Schoeberl at
2010-xxxx Vienna University of Technology
2006-2010 RWTH Aachen University
1996-2006 Johannes Kepler University Linz
optfile ./ng.opt does not exist - using default values
X Error of failed request: BadValue (integer parameter out of range for operation)
Major opcode of failed request: 154 (GLX)
Minor opcode of failed request: 3 (X_GLXCreateContext)
Value in failed request: 0x0
Serial number of failed request: 558
Current serial number in output stream: 559
此处给出了有关安装 netgen-5.3.1 的说明。
该软件似乎已遵循./configure，make并且sudo make install正确。
我按照带有类似错误消息的网页的说明进行操作，但没有解决问题。即安装Togl-1.7。
的最终输出sudo make install给出：
libtool: relink: g++ -fPIC -DPIC -shared -nostdlib /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crti.o /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/crtbeginS.o .libs/nglib.o -Wl,-rpath -Wl,/opt/netgen/lib -L/opt/netgen/lib -linterface -lgeom2d -lcsg -lstl -locc -lmesh -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5 -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../../lib -L/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu -L/lib/../lib -L/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu -L/usr/lib/../lib -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../.. -lstdc++ -lm -lgomp -lpthread -lc -lgcc_s /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/crtendS.o /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crtn.o -O2 -fopenmp -fopenmp -Wl,-soname -Wl,libnglib.so -o .libs/libnglib.so
libtool: install: /usr/bin/install -c .libs/libnglib.soT /opt/netgen/lib/libnglib.so
libtool: install: /usr/bin/install -c .libs/libnglib.lai /opt/netgen/lib/libnglib.la
libtool: finish: PATH="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/snap/bin:/sbin" ldconfig -n /opt/netgen/lib
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Libraries have been installed in:
/opt/netgen/lib
If you ever happen to want to link against installed libraries
in a given directory, LIBDIR, you must either use libtool, and
specify the full pathname of the library, or use the `-LLIBDIR'
flag during linking and do at least one of the following:
- add LIBDIR to the `LD_LIBRARY_PATH' environment variable
during execution
- add LIBDIR to the `LD_RUN_PATH' environment variable
during linking
- use the `-Wl,-rpath -Wl,LIBDIR' linker flag
- have your system administrator add LIBDIR to `/etc/ld.so.conf'
See any operating system documentation about shared libraries for
more information, such as the ld(1) and ld.so(8) manual pages.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
test -z "/opt/netgen/bin" || /bin/mkdir -p "/opt/netgen/bin"
/bin/bash ../libtool --mode=install /usr/bin/install -c ng_vol ng_stl '/opt/netgen/bin'
libtool: install: /usr/bin/install -c .libs/ng_vol /opt/netgen/bin/ng_vol
libtool: install: /usr/bin/install -c .libs/ng_stl /opt/netgen/bin/ng_stl
test -z "/opt/netgen/share/netgen" || /bin/mkdir -p "/opt/netgen/share/netgen"
/usr/bin/install -c -m 644 cube.surf '/opt/netgen/share/netgen'
test -z "/opt/netgen/include" || /bin/mkdir -p "/opt/netgen/include"
/usr/bin/install -c -m 644 nglib.h '/opt/netgen/include'
make[2]: Leaving directory '/home/brendan/Documents/hpfem-mpt/netgen-5.3.1/nglib'
make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/brendan/Documents/hpfem-mpt/netgen-5.3.1/nglib'
make[1]: Entering directory '/home/brendan/Documents/hpfem-mpt/netgen-5.3.1'
make[2]: Entering directory '/home/brendan/Documents/hpfem-mpt/netgen-5.3.1'
make[2]: Nothing to be done for 'install-exec-am'.
make[2]: Nothing to be done for 'install-data-am'.
make[2]: Leaving directory '/home/brendan/Documents/hpfem-mpt/netgen-5.3.1'
make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/brendan/Documents/hpfem-mpt/netgen-5.3.1'
任何人都可以帮助解决make error我在安装Netgen 5.3.1时收到的问题。NETGEN 是一个自动 3d 四面体网格生成器。错误消息摘要是：
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
Makefile:414: recipe for target 'netgen' failed
make[2]: *** [netgen] Error 1
make[2]: Leaving directory '/home/bjd/netgen-5.3.1/ng'
Makefile:354: recipe for target 'all-recursive' failed
make[1]: *** [all-recursive] Error 1
make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/bjd/netgen-5.3.1'
Makefile:285: recipe for target 'all' failed
make: *** [all] Error 2
Netgen mesher 安装说明是@Netgen Mesh Generator wiki
的输出configure和结束make：
bjd@brendan:~/netgen-5.3.1$ ls
aclocal.m4 config.sub install-sh mkinstalldirs
ar-lib configure libsrc NEWS
AUTHORS configure.ac ltmain.sh ng
ChangeLog depcomp m4 nglib
config.guess doc Makefile.am TODO
config.h.in INSTALL Makefile.in tutorials
config.log installing netgen-5.3.1 notes.txt missing windows
bjd@brendan:~/netgen-5.3.1$ ./configure --with-sysroot=/usr/lib/ --with-tcl=/usr/lib/tcl8.5/ --with-tk=/usr/lib/tk8.5/ --with-togl=/usr/lib/ --with-metis=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ --enable-nglib
checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c
checking whether build environment is sane... yes
checking for a thread-safe mkdir -p... /bin/mkdir -p
checking for gawk... gawk
checking whether make sets $(MAKE)... yes
checking for g++... g++
checking whether the C++ compiler works... yes
checking for C++ compiler default output file name... a.out
checking for suffix of executables...
checking whether we are cross compiling... no
checking for suffix of object files... o
checking whether we are using the GNU C++ compiler... yes
checking whether g++ accepts -g... yes
checking for style of include used by make... GNU
checking dependency style of g++... gcc3
checking for g++ option to support OpenMP... -fopenmp
checking for ar... ar
checking the archiver (ar) interface... ar
checking build system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking host system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking how to print strings... printf
checking for gcc... gcc
checking whether we are using the GNU C compiler... yes
checking whether gcc accepts -g... yes
checking for gcc option to accept ISO C89... none needed
checking dependency style of gcc... gcc3
checking for a sed that does not truncate output... /bin/sed
checking for grep that handles long lines and -e... /bin/grep
checking for egrep... /bin/grep -E
checking for fgrep... /bin/grep -F
checking for ld used by gcc... /usr/bin/ld
checking if the linker (/usr/bin/ld) is GNU ld... yes
checking for BSD- or MS-compatible name lister (nm)... /usr/bin/nm -B
checking the name lister (/usr/bin/nm -B) interface... BSD nm
checking whether ln -s works... yes
checking the maximum length of command line arguments... 1572864
checking whether the shell understands some XSI constructs... yes
checking whether the shell understands "+="... yes
checking how to convert x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu file names to x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu format... func_convert_file_noop
checking how to convert x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu file names to toolchain format... func_convert_file_noop
checking for /usr/bin/ld option to reload object files... -r
checking for objdump... objdump
checking how to recognize dependent libraries... pass_all
checking for dlltool... no
checking how to associate runtime and link libraries... printf %s\n
checking for archiver @FILE support... @
checking for strip... strip
checking for ranlib... ranlib
checking command to parse /usr/bin/nm -B output from gcc object... ok
checking for sysroot... /usr/lib/
checking for mt... mt
checking if mt is a manifest tool... no
checking how to run the C preprocessor... gcc -E
checking for ANSI C header files... yes
checking for sys/types.h... yes
checking for sys/stat.h... yes
checking for stdlib.h... yes
checking for string.h... yes
checking for memory.h... yes
checking for strings.h... yes
checking for inttypes.h... yes
checking for stdint.h... yes
checking for unistd.h... yes
checking for dlfcn.h... yes
checking for objdir... .libs
checking if gcc supports -fno-rtti -fno-exceptions... no
checking for gcc option to produce PIC... -fPIC -DPIC
checking if gcc PIC flag -fPIC -DPIC works... yes
checking if gcc static flag -static works... yes
checking if gcc supports -c -o file.o... yes
checking if gcc supports -c -o file.o... (cached) yes
checking whether the gcc linker (/usr/bin/ld -m elf_x86_64) supports shared libraries... yes
checking whether -lc should be explicitly linked in... no
checking dynamic linker characteristics... GNU/Linux ld.so
checking how to hardcode library paths into programs... immediate
checking whether stripping libraries is possible... yes
checking if libtool supports shared libraries... yes
checking whether to build shared libraries... yes
checking whether to build static libraries... no
checking how to run the C++ preprocessor... g++ -E
checking for ld used by g++... /usr/bin/ld -m elf_x86_64
checking if the linker (/usr/bin/ld -m elf_x86_64) is GNU ld... yes
checking whether the g++ linker (/usr/bin/ld -m elf_x86_64) supports shared libraries... yes
checking for g++ option to produce PIC... -fPIC -DPIC
checking if g++ PIC flag -fPIC -DPIC works... yes
checking if g++ static flag -static works... yes
checking if g++ supports -c -o file.o... yes
checking if g++ supports -c -o file.o... (cached) yes
checking whether the g++ linker (/usr/bin/ld -m elf_x86_64) supports shared libraries... yes
checking dynamic linker characteristics... (cached) GNU/Linux ld.so
checking how to hardcode library paths into programs... immediate
checking for correct TEA configuration... ok (TEA 3.9)
configure: configuring netgen 5.3.1
checking for Tcl configuration... found /usr/lib/tcl8.5/tclConfig.sh
checking for existence of /usr/lib/tcl8.5/tclConfig.sh... loading
checking for Tk configuration... found /usr/lib/tk8.5/tkConfig.sh
checking for existence of /usr/lib/tk8.5/tkConfig.sh... loading
checking for Tcl public headers... /usr/include/tcl8.5
checking for Tk public headers... /usr/include/tcl8.5
checking GL/gl.h usability... yes
checking GL/gl.h presence... yes
checking for GL/gl.h... yes
configure: creating ./config.status
config.status: creating Makefile
config.status: creating libsrc/Makefile
config.status: creating libsrc/csg/Makefile
config.status: creating libsrc/general/Makefile
config.status: creating libsrc/geom2d/Makefile
config.status: creating libsrc/gprim/Makefile
config.status: creating libsrc/include/Makefile
config.status: creating libsrc/interface/Makefile
config.status: creating libsrc/linalg/Makefile
config.status: creating libsrc/meshing/Makefile
config.status: creating libsrc/occ/Makefile
config.status: creating libsrc/stlgeom/Makefile
config.status: creating libsrc/visualization/Makefile
config.status: creating ng/Makefile
config.status: creating nglib/Makefile
config.status: creating tutorials/Makefile
config.status: creating doc/Makefile
config.status: creating windows/Makefile
config.status: creating config.h
config.status: executing depfiles commands
config.status: executing libtool commands
------------------------------------------------------------------------
netgen 5.3.1: Automatic configuration OK.
Enabled functionality:
OCC: ............... false
JPEGlib: ........... false
FFMPEG: ............ false
NGLIB: ............. true
GUI: ............... true
Building:
Type 'make' to compile netgen.
Type 'make install' to install netgen.
Example programs will be built but not installed.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
bjd@brendan:~/netgen-5.3.1$ make
make all-recursive
make[1]: Entering directory '/home/bjd/netgen-5.3.1'
Making all in libsrc
make[2]: Entering directory '/home/bjd/netgen-5.3.1/libsrc'
Making all in general
make[3]: Entering directory '/home/bjd/netgen-5.3.1/libsrc/general'
/bin/bash ../../libtool --tag=CXX --mode=compile g++ -DHAVE_CONFIG_H
...
...
I../libsrc/interface -DOPENGL -DTOGL_X11 -I"/usr/include/tcl8.5" -g -O2 -fopenmp -MT ngpkg.o -MD -MP -MF .deps/ngpkg.Tpo -c -o ngpkg.o ngpkg.cpp
mv -f .deps/ngpkg.Tpo .deps/ngpkg.Po
/bin/bash ../libtool --tag=CXX --mode=link g++ -g -O2 -fopenmp -export-dynamic -o netgen demoview.o ngappinit.o onetcl.o parallelfunc.o ngpkg.o ../libsrc/visualization/libvisual.la ../libsrc/csg/libcsgvis.la ../libsrc/csg/libcsg.la ../libsrc/interface/libinterface.la ../libsrc/meshing/libmesh.la -L/usr/lib/tk8.5/Togl1.7 -L/usr/lib/ -lTogl -lGLU -L/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu -ltk8.5 -L/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu -ltcl8.5 -lGL -lXmu -lX11
libtool: link: g++ -g -O2 -fopenmp -o .libs/netgen demoview.o ngappinit.o onetcl.o parallelfunc.o ngpkg.o -Wl,--export-dynamic ../libsrc/visualization/.libs/libvisual.a ../libsrc/csg/.libs/libcsgvis.so ../libsrc/csg/.libs/libcsg.so ../libsrc/interface/.libs/libinterface.so ../libsrc/meshing/.libs/libmesh.so -L/usr/lib/tk8.5/Togl1.7 -L/usr/lib/ -lTogl -lGLU -L/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu -ltk8.5 -ltcl8.5 -lGL -lXmu -lX11 -fopenmp -Wl,-rpath -Wl,/opt/netgen/lib
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lXmu
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
Makefile:414: recipe for target 'netgen' failed
make[2]: *** [netgen] Error 1
make[2]: Leaving directory '/home/bjd/netgen-5.3.1/ng'
Makefile:354: recipe for target 'all-recursive' failed
make[1]: *** [all-recursive] Error 1
make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/bjd/netgen-5.3.1'
Makefile:285: recipe for target 'all' failed
make: *** [all] Error 2
bjd@brendan:~/netgen-5.3.1$
我在尝试使用 安装 OpenCASCADE (oce) 时遇到了一个错误cmake，我正在执行构建命令：
mkdir build
cd build
cmake -DOCE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/path/to/where/you/want/oce ..
make install
我通过以下方式下载了 OpenCASCADE：git clone git://github.com/tpaviot/oce.git来自https://www.dealii.org/8.3.0/external-libs/opencascade.html
命令行构建错误是：
-- Build 64bit
CMake Error at /usr/share/cmake-3.5/Modules/FindPackageHandleStandardArgs.cmake:148 (message):
Could NOT find OpenGL (missing: OPENGL_gl_LIBRARY OPENGL_INCLUDE_DIR)
Call Stack (most recent call first):
/usr/share/cmake-3.5/Modules/FindPackageHandleStandardArgs.cmake:388 (_FPHSA_FAILURE_MESSAGE)
/usr/share/cmake-3.5/Modules/FindOpenGL.cmake:172 (FIND_PACKAGE_HANDLE_STANDARD_ARGS)
CMakeLists.txt:440 (find_package)
我检查了我是否有一个 OpenGL 版本，
glxinfo | grep "OpenGL version"
这表明：
OpenGL version string: 3.0 Mesa 12.0.6
所以似乎我有OpenGL，但构建找不到它。谁能理解如何解决这个问题？
我已经在第二个硬盘驱动器（500 GB）上安装了 Ubuntu 16.04 LTS，但我似乎只能访问 50 GB。如何访问剩余的 450 GB？
在第一个硬盘驱动器上，Windows 7 显示了“磁盘管理器”中第二个驱动器的另外 2 个分区（450 GB），我似乎无法访问。