在上次 Windows 更新（Windows 11 Home 24H2）后，我无法在 Ubuntu（24.04）上启动。我搜索了一些建议从启动修复磁盘启动（我这样做了）并使用启动修复的答案，但没有用。它没有显示“推荐修复”按钮，只有“创建摘要”按钮。摘要粘贴在下面。
编辑 1：这是我的磁盘信息。第一个是 1TB HD，我在其中保存视频文件、音乐、照片和一些备份。
Disk sda: 931.51 GiB, 1000204886016 bytes, 1953525168 sectors
Disk identifier: 6A5F387D-1D0F-46E2-85A8-7338FF130C00
Start End Sectors Size Type
sda1 2048 1953523711 1953521664 931.5G Microsoft basic data
这是固态硬盘，我把操作系统放在那里。Ubuntu 安装在sdb2
Disk sdb: 447.13 GiB, 480103981056 bytes, 937703088 sectors
Disk identifier: CCBC8B68-06A2-4022-845D-A6D301109D84
Start End Sectors Size Type
sdb1 2048 2203647 2201600 1G EFI System
sdb2 2203648 469952511 467748864 223G Linux filesystem
sdb3 469952512 469985279 32768 16M Microsoft reserved
sdb4 469985280 936294399 466309120 222.4G Microsoft basic data
sdb5 936294400 937699327 1404928 686M Windows recovery environment
以下是摘要。我使用 Acer 网站提供的 zip 文件更新了固件。
============================== Boot Info Summary ===============================
=> No boot loader is installed in the MBR of /dev/sda.
=> No boot loader is installed in the MBR of /dev/sdb.
=> Syslinux MBR (5.00 and higher) is installed in the MBR of /dev/sdc.
sda1: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: ntfs
Boot sector type: NTFS
Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block.
Operating System:
Boot files:
sdb1: __________________________________________________________________________
File system:
Boot sector type: Unknown
Boot sector info:
sdb2: __________________________________________________________________________
File system:
Boot sector type: Unknown
Boot sector info:
sdb3: __________________________________________________________________________
File system:
Boot sector type: Unknown
Boot sector info:
sdb4: __________________________________________________________________________
File system:
Boot sector type: Unknown
Boot sector info:
sdc1: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: vfat
Boot sector type: SYSLINUX 6.04
Boot sector info: Syslinux looks at sector 32864 of /dev/sdc1 for its
second stage. The integrity check of Syslinux failed.
No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block.
Operating System:
Boot files: /boot/grub/grub.cfg /syslinux.cfg
/efi/boot/bootx64.efi /efi/boot/grubx64.efi
/efi/boot/mmx64.efi /ldlinux.sys
================================ 0 OS detected =================================
================================ Host/Hardware =================================
CPU architecture: 64-bit
Video: WhiskeyLake-U GT2 [UHD Graphics 620] from Intel Corporation
Live-session OS is Linuxmint 64-bit (Linux Mint 21.2, victoria, x86_64)
===================================== UEFI =====================================
BIOS/UEFI firmware: V1.16(1.16) from Insyde Corp.
The firmware is EFI-compatible, and is set in EFI-mode for this live-session.
SecureBoot disabled (confirmed by mokutil).
BootCurrent: 0000
Timeout: 0 seconds
BootOrder: 0001,0000,0002,2001,2002,2003
Boot0000* Linpus lite HD(1,MBR,0x95160,0x800,0x39cb7e0)/File(\EFI\Boot\grubx64.efi)RC
Boot0001* ubuntu HD(1,GPT,6efb32b7-15fc-4e5f-a1f0-f0e5b78fc2f0,0x800,0x219800)/File(\EFI\ubuntu\shimx64.efi)RC
Boot0002* Windows Boot Manager HD(1,GPT,6efb32b7-15fc-4e5f-a1f0-f0e5b78fc2f0,0x800,0x219800)/File(\EFI\Microsoft\Boot\bootmgfw.efi)WINDOWS.........x...B.C.D.O.B.J.E.C.T.=.{.9.d.e.a.8.6.2.c.-.5.c.d.d.-.4.e.7.0.-.a.c.c.1.-.f.3.2.b.3.4.4.d.4.7.9.5.}...d................
Boot2001* EFI USB Device RC
Boot2002* EFI DVD/CDROM RC
Boot2003* EFI Network RC
============================= Drive/Partition Info =============================
Disks info: ____________________________________________________________________
sda : is-GPT, no-BIOSboot, has-noESP, not-usb, not-mmc, no-os, no-wind, 2048 sectors * 512 bytes
Partitions info (1/3): _________________________________________________________
sda1 : no-os, 64, nopakmgr, no-docgrub, nogrub, nogrubinstall, no-grubenv, noupdategrub, end-after-100GB
sdb : no-os, 64, nopakmgr, no-docgrub, nogrub, nogrubinstall, no-grubenv, noupdategrub, not-far
Partitions info (2/3): _________________________________________________________
sda1 : isnotESP, part-has-no-fstab, no-nt, no-winload, no-recov-nor-hid, no-bmgr, notwinboot, ntfs
sdb : isnotESP, part-has-no-fstab, no-nt, no-winload, no-recov-nor-hid, no-bmgr, notwinboot,
Partitions info (3/3): _________________________________________________________
sda1 : not--sepboot, no---boot, part-has-no-fstab, not-sep-usr, no---usr, part-has-no-fstab, no--grub.d, sda
sdb : maybesepboot, no---boot, part-has-no-fstab, not-sep-usr, no---usr, part-has-no-fstab, no--grub.d, sda
fdisk -l (filtered): ___________________________________________________________
Disk sda: 931.51 GiB, 1000204886016 bytes, 1953525168 sectors
Disk identifier: 6A5F387D-1D0F-46E2-85A8-7338FF130C00
Start End Sectors Size Type
sda1 2048 1953523711 1953521664 931.5G Microsoft basic data
Disk sdb: 447.13 GiB, 480103981056 bytes, 937703088 sectors
Disk identifier: CCBC8B68-06A2-4022-845D-A6D301109D84
Start End Sectors Size Type
sdb1 2048 2203647 2201600 1G EFI System
sdb2 2203648 469952511 467748864 223G Linux filesystem
sdb3 469952512 469985279 32768 16M Microsoft reserved
sdb4 469985280 936294399 466309120 222.4G Microsoft basic data
sdb5 936294400 937699327 1404928 686M Windows recovery environment
Disk sdc: 28.9 GiB, 31029460992 bytes, 60604416 sectors
Disk identifier: 0x00095160
Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
sdc1 * 2048 60604383 60602336 28.9G c W95 FAT32 (LBA)
parted -lm (filtered): _________________________________________________________
sda:1000GB:scsi:512:4096:gpt:ATA WDC WD10SPZX-21Z:;
1:1049kB:1000GB:1000GB:ntfs:Basic data partition:msftdata;
sdb:480GB:scsi:512:512:gpt:ATA WD Green M.2 228:;
1:1049kB:1128MB:1127MB:fat32::boot, esp;
2:1128MB:241GB:239GB:ext4::;
3:241GB:241GB:16.8MB::Microsoft reserved partition:msftres;
4:241GB:479GB:239GB:ntfs:Basic data partition:msftdata;
5:479GB:480GB:719MB:ntfs::hidden, diag;
sdc:31.0GB:scsi:512:512:msdos:Kingston DataTraveler 3.0:;
1:1049kB:31.0GB:31.0GB:fat32::boot, lba;
blkid (filtered): ______________________________________________________________
NAME FSTYPE UUID PARTUUID LABEL PARTLABEL
sda
└─sda1 ntfs 76366FE6366FA639 03665a50-932a-488d-8ae1-2195a7185cf3 Data Basic data partition
sdb
sdc
└─sdc1 vfat 56A7-8BFC 00095160-01 BOOT-REPAIR
Mount points (filtered): _______________________________________________________
Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1 421G 55% /mnt/boot-sav/sda1
/dev/sdc1 26.4G 9% /cdrom
Mount options (filtered): ______________________________________________________
/dev/sda1 fuseblk rw,relatime,user_id=0,group_id=0,allow_other,blksize=4096
/dev/sdc1 vfat ro,noatime,fmask=0022,dmask=0022,codepage=437,iocharset=iso8859-1,shortname=mixed,errors=remount-ro
====================== sdc1/boot/grub/grub.cfg (filtered) ======================
Start Boot-Repair-Disk 64-bit
Start Boot-Repair-Disk 64-bit (compatibility mode)
UEFI Firmware Settings
Test memory
========================= sdc1/syslinux.cfg (filtered) =========================
DEFAULT loadconfig
LABEL loadconfig
CONFIG /isolinux/isolinux.cfg
APPEND /isolinux/
==================== sdc1: Location of files loaded by Grub ====================
GiB - GB File Fragment(s)
?? = ?? boot/grub/grub.cfg 1
================== sdc1: Location of files loaded by Syslinux ==================
GiB - GB File Fragment(s)
?? = ?? syslinux.cfg 1
?? = ?? ldlinux.sys 1
======================== Unknown MBRs/Boot Sectors/etc =========================
/dev/sdb3: unknown GPT attributes
8000000000000000
Unknown BootLoader on sdb1
Unknown BootLoader on sdb2
Unknown BootLoader on sdb3
Unknown BootLoader on sdb4
Suggested repair: ______________________________________________________________
The default repair of the Boot-Repair utility would not act on the boot.
sprunge.us ko ()
我尝试按照有关如何重新安装 grub 的分步指南进行操作，甚至害怕弄乱一切，但它也没有用。当我尝试挂载主分区时，它返回
mount: special device /dev/sdb2 does not exist
编辑 2：我尝试了这里写的前 2 个解决方案：a) 如果我按下 shift + esc，它会将我带到一个 sudo 不起作用的屏幕；b) 启动修复不起作用。正如我之前所说，它没有显示“推荐修复”按钮，只有“创建摘要”按钮。在高级选项中，它也不显示“修复 GRUB”选项；c) Windows 和 Ubuntu 都在 UEFI 上，但我不明白该怎么做；d) 我禁用了休眠和快速启动，但无法重新安装 GRUB。它一直告诉我/dev/sdb2不存在。我真的需要擦除我的 ssd 并重新安装吗？
编辑 3：我在启动修复磁盘终端上使用以下命令尝试了此解决方案：
sudo apt --fix-broken install
但它什么也没返回。然后我尝试
sudo update-grub
信息是
error: failed to get canonical path of '/cow'.
至少最后一个是有趣的。
我可以正常使用 Windows，甚至可以使用名为 Diskinternals Linux Reader 的软件访问 Ubuntu 上的文件，但我真的很想再次使用 Ubuntu。我只使用 Windows 玩游戏和一些在 Wine 上无法运行的应用程序，但我对 Linux 世界也非常陌生。如果有遗漏，请告诉我。