cat提出的问题 -ubuntu

cat

Asked: 2018-12-01 21:00:48 +0800 CST

在没有 dpkg 程序的情况下读取完整的 dpkg 数据库状态

4

从 Live USB 中，并且不使用已安装的 Ubuntu 程序，如dpkg、dpkg-query、dselect、aptitude、apt-get或任何其他程序（因为它们都已损坏Illegal instruction），我如何 apt读取作为列表读取的软件包列表，以便对已安装的软件包进行编目，稍后重新安装？

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done

本地包数据库在哪里？几乎是一个完美的答案：

/var/lib/dpkg/status如果您更改包的状态，即安装它、删除它、标记它以执行某些操作，则由 dpkg 修改，...

我不想只列出“更改”的包，还包括依赖包、系统的整个状态等。它包含在dpkg/status?
- 在另一个健康的系统上，该文件有大约 3800Package:个条目；在目标系统上它有 3600Package:个条目，而在 Live USB 上它只有 2000 个条目。听起来不错，只是我担心它没有列出所有的包。
我不是在寻找下载的.deb缓存，也不是保存临时数据文件的cachefor dpkg/ apt——这些并没有给出完整的系统状态。
/var/lib/apt/lists似乎包含一个包源和包的列表，这几乎是完美的，除了很多解析涉及从中获取包名称列表。这是最好的选择吗？

该文件/var/cache/apt/pkgcache.bin存在，但由于它是生成的二进制文件，我认为将其复制到全新安装是不够的。

cat

Asked: 2018-10-22 08:13:44 +0800 CST

如何在 Ubuntu 18.10 中将菜单返回到 Rhythmbox

1

在 18.10 / GNOME 3.30.1 Rhythmbox 3.4.2 现在有这个 UI（最大化时相同）

没有很多菜单和控件，我没有 18.04 / <= GNOME 3.30.1 的升级前屏幕截图，但是 Ubuntu MATE 18.04 的这个截图是它在 Ubuntu 18.04 的 GNOME 中的样子：

两个 Rhythmbox 都安装了“速度控制”插件，在第二张截图中，它位于随机播放按钮和专辑封面之间。

也许它在 Rhythmbox 3.4.2 或 GNOME 3.30.1 中被破坏了，没关系。

但是，第二个屏幕截图的另一个主要功能是顶部应用程序菜单 - 文件、编辑、查看...

这些在 GNOME 的 Rhythmbox 3.4.2 布局中找不到，并且从 Rhythmbox 中删除了很多可用性。

例如，第二个屏幕截图中的播放队列只能通过 View -> Play Queue 启用，但在 GNOME 布局中无法做到这一点。

第二个屏幕截图右侧的设置轮，在音量图标旁边，可能是 MATE / GNOME Classic 特定的扩展，但（在 GNOME 3 中）会包含顶部菜单中的许多项目。不过 3.30.1 / 3.4.2 中也缺少它。（它在 GNOME 3.30 的 Totem 和 Gedit 中）

我查看.local/share/rhythmbox并.config/rhythmbox（不存在）配置文件以禁用“最小”布局（因为这可能是原因），但我找不到 Rhythmbox 存储其用户首选项的文件。

Rhythmbox 3.4.2 / GNOME 3.30 中是否可以有顶部菜单和插件？

cat

Asked: 2017-04-30 18:02:05 +0800 CST

我应该在升级到 17.04 的系统上删除交换分区吗？

9

Ubuntu 17.04 没有交换分区，我评论说想知道，

如果我刚刚将安装了交换分区的旧系统升级到 17.04，我应该删除旧的交换分区吗？

我有三台带有交换分区的 SSD 笔记本电脑，几天前安装了 Ubuntu 16.10。现在，所有版本都在运行 17.04 版，但即使在几次重新启动后也没有/swapfile。

我应该保留旧的交换分区，还是删除它？
是否阻止/swapfile创建交换分区，或者我最终会没有交换？

cat

Asked: 2016-12-09 13:26:33 +0800 CST

为我自己的程序中的段错误禁用“检测到系统程序问题”

2

我不介意收到有关SEGV 的系统程序的通知——我实际上想报告这些情况，所以这不是升级后定期弹出“检测到系统程序问题”的重复。

但是，我花了很多时间编写糟糕的 C 代码，并且经常从我自己的用户空间程序中得到段错误，我不想看到我自己的非系统应用程序“检测到系统程序问题”。

这是可能的，还是 Appport 只是监视init孩子SIGSEGV并弹出任何段错误？

cat

Asked: 2016-10-26 16:52:36 +0800 CST

如何配置/排除新键盘故障

7

我有一台东芝 Satellite P755 笔记本电脑。我刚买了一个新键盘，用于不同的型号，但物理尺寸相同，因此可能兼容。

新键盘的连接器是相同的，布局和键本身几乎都是相同的，除了背光和相关的电线，这在原版上是没有的。

我从笔记本电脑中取出旧键盘并安装了新键盘。xinput检测到新键盘就好了：

$ xinput
⎡ Virtual core pointer                      id=2    [master pointer  (3)]
⎜   ↳ Virtual core XTEST pointer                id=4    [slave  pointer  (2)]
⎜   ↳ HID 04d9:1400                             id=11   [slave  pointer  (2)]
⎜   ↳ SynPS/2 Synaptics TouchPad                id=13   [slave  pointer  (2)]
⎜   ↳ Logitech K400                             id=15   [slave  pointer  (2)]
⎜   ↳ Logitech M510                             id=16   [slave  pointer  (2)]
⎣ Virtual core keyboard                     id=3    [master keyboard (2)]
    ↳ Virtual core XTEST keyboard               id=5    [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ Power Button                              id=6    [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ Video Bus                                 id=7    [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ Power Button                              id=8    [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ USB 2.0 Camera                            id=9    [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ HID 04d9:1400                             id=10   [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ AT Translated Set 2 keyboard              id=12   [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ Toshiba input device                      id=14   [slave  keyboard (3)] !!!

但它在 BIOS / 启动时、我的 Ubuntu 安装（为旧键盘配置）和 Ubuntu Live CD（因拥有所有驱动程序而臭名昭著）中都不起作用。

有趣的是，在我的 Ubuntu 安装和 Live CD 中，唯一有效的键是：

$ xev | grep -A2 --line-buffered '^KeyRelease' | sed -n '/keycode /s/^.*keycode \([0-9]*\).* (.*, \(.*\)).*$/\1 \2/p'
21 equal
22 BackSpace
106 KP_Divide
63 KP_Multiply
82 KP_Subtract
79 KP_Home
80 KP_Up
81 KP_Prior
83 KP_Left
84 KP_Begin
85 KP_Right
87 KP_End
89 KP_Next
91 KP_Delete
104 KP_Enter
27 r
35 bracketright
41 f
48 apostrophe
36 Return
55 v
37 Control_L
133 Super_L
105 Control_R

这是个好消息，我认为问题与软件有关，而不是硬件。

如何找到它的驱动程序，或手动配置/排除故障？

cat

Asked: 2016-10-17 01:58:32 +0800 CST

更新到 16.10 后的 Dpkg 错误

1

运行任何 apt 命令都会告诉我install -f. 如果我运行apt install -f，我会得到这个：

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Correcting dependencies... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
  bsdcpio cgmanager cl-swank cpp-5-doc fgetty fonts-texgyre foomatic-db-gutenprint fp-compiler-2.6.4 fp-docs-2.6.4
  fp-ide-2.6.4 fp-units-base-2.6.4 fp-units-db-2.6.4 fp-units-fcl-2.6.4 fp-units-fv-2.6.4 fp-units-gfx-2.6.4
  fp-units-gtk2-2.6.4 fp-units-math-2.6.4 fp-units-misc-2.6.4 fp-units-multimedia-2.6.4 fp-units-net-2.6.4
  fp-units-rtl-2.6.4 fp-utils-2.6.4 fpc-2.6.4 fpc-source-2.6.4 gcc-5-base:i386 gimp-gutenprint gnupg-curl gnupg-doc
  gnuplot5-doc gobjc-5 gobjc-5-multilib guile-2.0 guile-2.0-doc guile-gnutls gutenprint-doc gutenprint-locales
  ijsgutenprint lazarus-1.4.0 lazarus-doc-1.4.0 lazarus-ide-1.4.0 lazarus-ide-gtk2-1.4.0 lazarus-src-1.4.0
  lcl-1.4.0 lcl-gtk2-1.4.0 lcl-nogui-1.4.0 lcl-units-1.4.0 lcl-utils-1.4.0 lib32objc-5-dev lib32objc4
  liballegro-acodec5.0 liballegro-audio5.0 liballegro-dialog5.0 liballegro-image5.0 liballegro-ttf5.0
  libapparmor1:i386 libboost-atomic1.58.0 libboost-chrono1.58.0 libboost-context1.58.0 libboost-coroutine1.58.0
  libboost-graph-parallel1.58.0 libboost-graph1.58.0 libboost-locale1.58.0 libboost-log1.58.0 libboost-math1.58.0
  libboost-mpi1.58.0 libboost-random1.58.0 libboost-serialization1.58.0 libboost-test1.58.0 libboost-timer1.58.0
  libboost-wave1.58.0 libclutter-1.0-dbg libclutter-gst-2.0-0 libclutter-gtk-1.0-dbg libgail-3-0-dbg libgail-dbg
  libglpk36 libgnomeada2.24.4 libgnuplot-iostream-dev libgrilo-0.2-1 libgsm1:i386 libgutenprintui2-1
  libhunspell-1.3-0-dbg libicu55-dbg libiscsi2 libjson-c2:i386 libkadm5clnt-mit9 libkadm5srv-mit9
  libkf5dbusaddons-bin libkf5gapidrive5 libkf5iconthemes-bin libkf5identitymanagement5 libkf5pimtextedit5
  libkf5xmlgui-bin liblink-grammar4 liblivemedia50 libnewt0.52:i386 libobjc-5-dev libode4 libpango1.0-0-dbg
  libprocps4 libreadline7:i386 librhythmbox-core9 libroar-plugins-universal libsctp1 libsidutils0 libtinfo-dev:i386
  libtinyxml2-2v5 libvpx3:i386 libwacom-bin libwebpdemux1 libwebrtc-audio-processing-0 libx32objc-5-dev libx32objc4
  libxapian-dev lksctp-tools myspell-lt python-gnuplot python-pyatspi python3-dbus.mainloop.qt
  qml-module-org-kde-activities sonnet-plugins tex4ht-common xapian-examples
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
The following additional packages will be installed:
  click-apparmor
The following packages will be upgraded:
  click-apparmor
1 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 2055 not upgraded.
6 not fully installed or removed.
Need to get 0 B/10.7 kB of archives.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n]

如果我按y，我会得到：

(Reading database ... 1598890 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../click-apparmor_0.3.17_amd64.deb ...
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/bin/click", line 55, in <module>
    from click import commands
ImportError: cannot import name 'commands'
dpkg: warning: subprocess old pre-removal script returned error exit status 1
dpkg: trying script from the new package instead ...
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/bin/click", line 55, in <module>
    from click import commands
ImportError: cannot import name 'commands'
dpkg: error processing archive /var/cache/apt/archives/click-apparmor_0.3.17_amd64.deb (--unpack):
 subprocess new pre-removal script returned error exit status 1
Errors were encountered while processing:
 /var/cache/apt/archives/click-apparmor_0.3.17_amd64.deb
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

dpkg --configure -a没有输出。我无法删除或清除click，或者python3-apparmor-click因为ubuntu-app-launch依赖于它们，并且从阅读描述来看，ubuntu-app-launch这很重要。

我不能install python3-apparmor-click=0.3.13.1，因为即使这是版本click想要的，它似乎也不存在。

我可以在这里做什么？

cat

Asked: 2016-07-15 07:46:42 +0800 CST

如何让 Rhythmbox 停止忽略已删除的播客剧集？

2

我从 Rhythmbox 删除了一集播客，因为它没有正确下载，但现在 Rhythmbox 拒绝同意该集曾经存在，即使在重新添加提要之后也是如此。

这可能是一个错误，但是否有配置文件或我可以编辑或删除的内容以使 Rhythmbox 停止忽略这一集？

cat

Asked: 2016-06-15 06:29:39 +0800 CST

在 64 位上编译 32 位应用程序，而无需摆脱 ARM 的 GNU EABI

3

我想在我的 64 位 16.04 上构建一个 32 位的 C++ 程序。

/usr/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.so when searching for -lstdc++
/usr/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libstdc++.a when searching for -lstdc++
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lstdc++
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status

使用 g++ 链接失败，搜索 -lstdc++说我应该安装libc6-i386 libc6-dev-i386 lib32gcc1 lib32stdc++6，它给出：

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
lib32gcc1 is already the newest version (1:6.0.1-0ubuntu1).
lib32gcc1 set to manually installed.
libc6-dev-i386 is already the newest version (2.23-0ubuntu3).
libc6-dev-i386 set to manually installed.
libc6-i386 is already the newest version (2.23-0ubuntu3).
lib32stdc++6 is already the newest version (5.3.1-14ubuntu2.1).
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 1 not upgraded.

好的，好的，现在让我们尝试接受的答案：安装g++-multilib（或者gcc-multilib，结果相同）：

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
  binutils-arm-linux-gnueabi cpp-5-arm-linux-gnueabi cpp-arm-linux-gnueabi gcc-5-arm-linux-gnueabi-base
  gcc-5-cross-base libasan2-armel-cross libasan2-dbg-armel-cross libatomic1-armel-cross libatomic1-dbg-armel-cross
  libc6-armel-cross libc6-armhf-armel-cross libc6-armhf-cross libc6-dev-armel-cross libc6-dev-armhf-armel-cross
  libc6-dev-armhf-cross libgcc-5-dev-armel-cross libgcc1-armel-cross libgcc1-dbg-armel-cross libgomp1-armel-cross
  libgomp1-dbg-armel-cross libhfasan2-armel-cross libhfatomic1-armel-cross libhfgcc-5-dev-armel-cross
  libhfgcc1-armel-cross libhfgomp1-armel-cross libhfstdc++6-armel-cross libhfubsan0-armel-cross libstdc++6-armel-cross
  libubsan0-armel-cross libubsan0-dbg-armel-cross linux-libc-dev-armel-cross linux-libc-dev-armhf-cross
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
The following additional packages will be installed:
  g++-5-multilib gcc-multilib lib32gcc1-dbg lib32stdc++-5-dev lib32stdc++6-5-dbg libx32gcc1-dbg libx32stdc++-5-dev
  libx32stdc++6-5-dbg
The following packages will be REMOVED:
  gcc-5-arm-linux-gnueabi gcc-5-multilib-arm-linux-gnueabi gcc-arm-linux-gnueabi
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  g++-5-multilib g++-multilib gcc-multilib lib32gcc1-dbg lib32stdc++-5-dev lib32stdc++6-5-dbg libx32gcc1-dbg
  libx32stdc++-5-dev libx32stdc++6-5-dbg
0 upgraded, 9 newly installed, 3 to remove and 1 not upgraded.
Need to get 14.7 MB of archives.
After this operation, 82.5 MB of additional disk space will be used.

我喜欢能够在我的笔记本电脑上构建 GNU C11 并让它在我的手机上运行（见这里），这是可能的arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc，所以我不想摆脱它。（我对 C++11 做同样的事情不感兴趣）。

将要安装的新软件包gcc-multilib似乎仅限 C++，但它会删除 C 编译器以及binutils我想保留的 ARM 和其他平台。

我可以同时拥有 32 位 GNU C++11 和 ARM GNU C11 的编译器吗？

cat

Asked: 2016-04-27 18:38:14 +0800 CST

Xenial 中的 Realtek RTL8188EE 驱动程序？

0

我刚刚将我的安全启动前、UEFI* 东芝2012 卫星 P755-S5390笔记本电脑从 15.10 更新到 16.04。在 15.10 中，无线适配器工作正常。现在，Ubuntu 拒绝承认我的笔记本电脑有无线接口。我已经重新启动了很多次，完成了以下操作：

apt install flashrom librtlsdr* nictools* r8168-dkms rtl-sdr rtl8812*

这似乎是成功的，而我在网上找到的许多其他东西都无济于事。的Additional Drivers屏幕Software and Updates有一个条目，它声称是unknown或not working correctly。

Network Settings是一个简短的条目（在左侧，曾经有一个“Wifi”设备左右）：

（在你问之前，不，小加号没有帮助。）

我发现这篇文章的用户遇到了类似的问题，他们发布了来自过多命令的大量数据，所以我会在这里做同样的事情。

$ lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description:    Ubuntu 16.04 LTS
Release:    16.04
Codename:   xenial

$ uname -a
Linux mint-kitty 4.2.0-36-generic #41-Ubuntu SMP 
Mon Apr 18 15:49:10 UTC 2016 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

$ lspci
00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family DRAM Controller (rev 09)
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 09)
00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family MEI Controller #1 (rev 04)
00:1a.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family USB Enhanced Host Controller #2 (rev 04)
00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family High Definition Audio Controller (rev 04)
00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 1 (rev b4)
00:1c.3 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 4 (rev b4)
00:1c.5 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 6 (rev b4)
00:1d.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family USB Enhanced Host Controller #1 (rev 04)
00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation HM65 Express Chipset Family LPC Controller (rev 04)
00:1f.2 SATA controller: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family 6 port SATA AHCI Controller (rev 04)
00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family SMBus Controller (rev 04)
01:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8101/2/6E PCI Express Fast/Gigabit Ethernet controller (rev 05)
02:00.0 System peripheral: JMicron Technology Corp. SD/MMC Host Controller (rev 30)
02:00.2 SD Host controller: JMicron Technology Corp. Standard SD Host Controller (rev 30)
02:00.3 System peripheral: JMicron Technology Corp. MS Host Controller (rev 30)
02:00.4 System peripheral: JMicron Technology Corp. xD Host Controller (rev 30)
03:00.0 USB controller: NEC Corporation uPD720200 USB 3.0 Host Controller (rev 04)


$ rfkill list all
<no output>

$ sudo lsmod  |grep rtl
rtl8188ee              86016  0
rtl_pci                28672  1 rtl8188ee
rtlwifi                77824  2 rtl_pci,rtl8188ee
mac80211              745472  3 rtl_pci,rtlwifi,rtl8188ee
cfg80211              557056  2 mac80211,rtlwifi


$ ifconfig
enp1s0    Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr b8:88:e3:12:0f:00  
          UP BROADCAST MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)

enx7a2df60b7f7a Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 7a:2d:f6:0b:7f:7a  
          inet addr:192.168.42.149  Bcast:192.168.42.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::6b2f:6a3c:64e2:5193/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:22512 errors:3 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:3
          TX packets:27524 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:12577406 (12.5 MB)  TX bytes:5778094 (5.7 MB)

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback  
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  Metric:1
          RX packets:3687 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:3687 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
          RX bytes:533078 (533.0 KB)  TX bytes:533078 (533.0 KB)

$ route
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
default         192.168.42.129  0.0.0.0         UG    100    0        0 enx7a2df60b7f7a
link-local      *               255.255.0.0     U     1000   0        0 enx7a2df60b7f7a
192.168.42.0    *               255.255.255.0   U     100    0        0 enx7a2df60b7f7a

$ iw reg get
country 00: DFS-UNSET
    (2402 - 2472 @ 40), (6, 20), (N/A)
    (2457 - 2482 @ 40), (6, 20), (N/A), PASSIVE-SCAN
    (2474 - 2494 @ 20), (6, 20), (N/A), NO-OFDM, PASSIVE-SCAN
    (5170 - 5250 @ 160), (6, 20), (N/A), PASSIVE-SCAN
    (5250 - 5330 @ 160), (6, 20), (0 ms), DFS, PASSIVE-SCAN
    (5490 - 5730 @ 160), (6, 20), (0 ms), DFS, PASSIVE-SCAN
    (5735 - 5835 @ 80), (6, 20), (N/A), PASSIVE-SCAN
    (57240 - 63720 @ 2160), (N/A, 0), (N/A)

$ iwlist channel
lo        no frequency information.

enx7a2df60b7f7a  no frequency information.

enp1s0    no frequency information.

$ iwlist scan
lo        Interface doesn't support scanning.

enx7a2df60b7f7a  Interface doesn't support scanning.

enp1s0    Interface doesn't support scanning.

$ cat /etc/modules
coretemp

# the following commands all return the error code 1
$ dmesg | grep rtl
1 | $ dmesg | grep wifi
1 | $ dmesg | grep wl
1 | $ dmesg | grep rtlwifi
1 | $

该enx7a2df60b7f7a设备是我的笔记本电脑与智能手机的系绳，这就是我写这篇文章的方式。

如何找回我的wlp2s0/wlan0无线接口？

$ lspci -knn | grep Net -A2
<no output>
$ lspci -knn | grep net -A2
01:00.0 Ethernet controller [0200]: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8101/2/6E PCI Express Fast/Gigabit Ethernet controller [10ec:8136] (rev 05)
    Subsystem: Toshiba America Info Systems RTL8101/2/6E PCI Express Fast/Gigabit Ethernet controller [1179:fc30]
    Kernel driver in use: r8169
    Kernel modules: r8169

那是eth0物理以太网设备。我的无线网卡在/var/syslog：

$ cat /var/log/syslog | grep -e wlan0
Apr 25 08:43:32 mint-kitty kernel: [    7.498388] rtl8188ee 0000:02:00.0 wlp2s0: renamed from wlan0

好的，那是在更新之前，但它就在那里。

如此处建议：如何让 Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8188EE Wireless Network Adapter (rev 01) 无线网卡在 Debian Wheezy 上工作

$ locate rtl8188ee | grep -v "debug" | grep .ko
/lib/modules/4.2.0-22-generic/kernel/drivers/net/wireless/rtlwifi/rtl8188ee/rtl8188ee.ko
/lib/modules/4.2.0-23-generic/kernel/drivers/net/wireless/rtlwifi/rtl8188ee/rtl8188ee.ko
/lib/modules/4.2.0-36-generic/kernel/drivers/net/wireless/rtlwifi/rtl8188ee/rtl8188ee.ko
/lib/modules/4.4.0-21-generic/kernel/drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtlwifi/rtl8188ee/rtl8188ee.ko
/lib/modules/4.4.0-22-generic/kernel/drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtlwifi/rtl8188ee/rtl8188ee.ko
$ sudo modprobe -v rtl8188ee
insmod /lib/modules/4.2.0-36-generic/kernel/net/wireless/cfg80211.ko 
insmod /lib/modules/4.2.0-36-generic/kernel/net/mac80211/mac80211.ko 
insmod /lib/modules/4.2.0-36-generic/kernel/drivers/net/wireless/rtlwifi/rtlwifi.ko 
insmod /lib/modules/4.2.0-36-generic/kernel/drivers/net/wireless/rtlwifi/rtl_pci.ko 
insmod /lib/modules/4.2.0-36-generic/kernel/drivers/net/wireless/rtlwifi/rtl8188ee/rtl8188ee.ko

但是重新启动后wifi适配器仍然无法使用。

*我的笔记本电脑从来没有 UEFI，仍然只有 BIOS；因此，我的问题与Realtek 驱动程序 RTL8723BE not working in Ubuntu 16.04 (kernel 4.4) 不同。

cat

Asked: 2016-04-26 14:41:30 +0800 CST

如何配置低电量通知？

2

我的笔记本电脑在一天中经常在充满电和临界充电之间运行几次（是的，它很旧）。在我更新到 16.04 之前，Cinnamon 曾经通过以下方式通知我：

20%，然后在
10%，然后在
7%，然后在
5%，然后最后
“电池已达到临界水平。除非插上电源，否则计算机很快就会休眠。” 2%左右。（此时它会继续运行 15 分钟。）

当我安装 15.10 并删除 Unity 以支持 Cinnamon 时，我没有（有意）更改与此相关的任何内容（或知道这是可能的）。

在我的系统范围升级期间重置了一些配置，包括与这些电源通知相关的配置。这个答案让我只设置了两个通知，一个是重要的，一个是行动的，但我清楚地记得每次都有上面提到的五个通知，就好像昨天一样（因为它是，哈哈）。

正如我上面所说，我没有故意为此安装任何外部程序，所以虽然我知道我可以编写一个 shell 脚本，它只是不断地sys用电池百分比轮询条目并在给定时间通知，但我也确信这是 Ubuntu / Cinnamon 的默认行为（我仍然使用这两个）。

我可以取回我的 5 个通知，还是应该使用 shell（或其他）脚本？

cat

Asked: 2016-03-23 12:16:48 +0800 CST

为什么“需要身份验证......？”

11

当我将 SD 卡插入 SD 卡读卡器 ( /dev/mmcblk0) 时，会出现一个弹出窗口，上面写着：

安装设备需要身份验证。

当我在笔记本电脑和外接显示器之间插入 VGA 电缆时，我得到：

创建色彩管理设备需要进行身份验证。

当我合上盖子，请求计算机暂停时，我得到：

在挂起系统之前需要进行身份验证。

我已经完成了以下答案中建议的所有内容：

并重新启动，但相同的结果仍然存在。

后两个弹出窗口实际上并不能阻止任何事情的发生——屏幕仍然有效，暂停也是如此，但在我进行身份验证之前我无法访问 SD 卡。

如果只是因为它们是烦恼，我怎么能让它们消失呢？

我的用户肯定在该sudo组中，并且我已polkit按照上述问题中的建议编辑了 XML 文件。

有没有办法让这些停止？

的输出groups是：

cat adm cdrom sudo dip plugdev lpadmin sambashare libvirtd

cat

Asked: 2016-03-23 05:18:03 +0800 CST

如何解决每次启动后必须键入 alsa force-reload 的问题？

6

前段时间，我对我的 15.10 进行了一些大更新，导致声音不起作用，例如问题：启动后没有声音，必须 alsa force-reload。

接受的答案链接到此页面，建议键入sudo alsa force-reload并重新启动。

问题是我必须在每次启动时输入该命令，有时甚至多次输入才能获得声音。我已经尝试了该页面上的其他建议，但无济于事。

缺少cron工作（因为自动化并不理想），我可以一劳永逸地解决这个问题吗？

cat

Asked: 2016-02-15 08:02:22 +0800 CST

为什么 Skype 淘汰了这么多 Java 包，我如何才能同时拥有这两个包？

0

$ apt install skype
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
  gir1.2-langtag-0.5 glassfish-javaee gperf groovy groovy-doc groovy2 gstreamer1.0-doc ivy ivy-doc libabw-dev libaether-java
  libaopalliance-java libaopalliance-java-doc libasync-http-client-java libasync-http-client-java-doc libaxis-java
  libaxis-java-doc libbcpg-java libbcpg-java-doc libbluetooth-dev libboost-date-time-dev libcastor-core-java libcastor-java-doc
  libcastor-xml-java libcdi-api-java libcdr-dev libclassworlds-java libclassworlds-java-doc libclucene-dev libcmis-dev
  libcommons-configuration-java libcommons-configuration-java-doc libcommons-discovery-java libcommons-discovery-java-doc
  libcommons-fileupload-java libcommons-jexl2-java libcommons-jexl2-java-doc libcommons-jxpath-java libcommons-jxpath-java-doc
  libcommons-lang3-java libcommons-lang3-java-doc libcommons-net2-java libcommons-net2-java-doc libcommons-validator-java
  libcommons-vfs-java libcommons-vfs-java-doc libcppunit-1.13-0v5 libcppunit-dev libcppunit-doc libcups2-dev libdoxia-core-java
  libdoxia-java libdoxia-java-doc libdoxia-sitetools-java libdoxia-sitetools-java-doc libdrm-dev:i386 libe-book-dev libeot-dev
  libetonyek-dev libexttextcat-dev libfreehand-dev libgeronimo-ejb-3.0-spec-java libgeronimo-interceptor-3.0-spec-java
  libgeronimo-jms-1.1-spec-java libgeronimo-validation-1.0-spec-java libgeronimo-validation-1.0-spec-java-doc libgl1-mesa-dev:i386
  libglew-dev libglm-dev libgpars-groovy-java libgpars-groovy-java-doc libgraphite2-dev libgssrpc4:i386
  libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-dev libgstreamer1.0-dev libhessian-java libhessian-java-doc libhttpclient-java libhttpcore-java
  libhunspell-dev libhyphen-dev libisorelax-java libitext1-java libixion-0.10-0v5 libjackson-json-java libjackson-json-java-doc
  libjamon-java libjboss-vfs-java libjcsp-java libjcsp-java-doc libjdependency-java libjdom2-java libjdom2-java-doc
  libjettison-java libjibx-java libjibx1.1-java-doc libjibx1.2-java libjline2-java libjsoup-java libjsoup-java-doc
  libjsr311-api-java libjsr311-api-java-doc libkadm5clnt-mit9:i386 libkadm5srv-mit9:i386 libkdb5-8:i386
  libknopflerfish-osgi-framework-java libknopflerfish-osgi-java-doc liblangtag-dev liblangtag-doc liblangtag-gobject0
  liblpsolve55-dev libmaven-archiver-java libmaven-archiver-java-doc libmaven-clean-plugin-java libmaven-clean-plugin-java-doc
  libmaven-common-artifact-filters-java libmaven-common-artifact-filters-java-doc libmaven-compiler-plugin-2.5-java
  libmaven-compiler-plugin-2.5-java-doc libmaven-dependency-tree-java libmaven-dependency-tree-java-doc libmaven-doxia-tools-java
  libmaven-doxia-tools-java-doc libmaven-filtering-java libmaven-install-plugin-java libmaven-install-plugin-java-doc
  libmaven-invoker-java libmaven-jar-plugin-java libmaven-jar-plugin-java-doc libmaven-javadoc-plugin-java
  libmaven-plugin-tools-java libmaven-reporting-impl-java libmaven-reporting-impl-java-doc libmaven-resources-plugin-java
  libmaven-resources-plugin-java-doc libmaven-shade-plugin-java libmaven-shade-plugin-java-doc libmaven-shared-utils-java
  libmaven-shared-utils-java-doc libmaven-site-plugin-java libmaven-site-plugin-java-doc libmaven2-core-java
  libmaven2-core-java-doc libmdds-dev libmockobjects-java libmspub-dev libmsv-java libmwaw-dev libmysqlcppconn-dev
  libneon27-gnutls-dev libnetty-3.9-java libnspr4-dev libnss3-dev libodfgen-dev liborcus-dev liborcus-spreadsheet-model-0.10-0v5
  libpagemaker-dev libplexus-ant-factory-java libplexus-archiver-java libplexus-bsh-factory-java libplexus-build-api-java
  libplexus-build-api-java-doc libplexus-cipher-java libplexus-cipher-java-doc libplexus-classworlds-java
  libplexus-classworlds-java-doc libplexus-classworlds2-java libplexus-classworlds2-java-doc libplexus-cli-java
  libplexus-cli-java-doc libplexus-compiler-1.0-java libplexus-compiler-1.0-java-doc libplexus-container-default-java
  libplexus-container-default-java-doc libplexus-containers-java libplexus-containers-java-doc libplexus-containers1.5-java
  libplexus-i18n-java libplexus-i18n-java-doc libplexus-interactivity-api-java libplexus-interactivity-api-java-doc
  libplexus-interpolation-java libplexus-interpolation-java-doc libplexus-io-java libplexus-sec-dispatcher-java
  libplexus-sec-dispatcher-java-doc libplexus-utils-java libplexus-utils-java-doc libplexus-utils2-java libplexus-utils2-java-doc
  libplexus-velocity-java libplexus-velocity-java-doc libpoppler-cpp-dev libpoppler-cpp0 libpoppler-dev libpoppler-private-dev
  libpthread-stubs0-dev:i386 libqdox-java libqdox-java-doc libraptor2-dev libraptor2-doc librasqal3-dev librasqal3-doc librdf0-dev
  librelaxng-datatype-java librevenge-dev libservlet3.1-java libsisu-guice-java libsisu-ioc-java libspring-aop-java
  libspring-beans-java libspring-context-java libspring-core-java libspring-expression-java libspring-instrument-java
  libspring-oxm-java libspring-web-java libssl-dev:i386 libstax-java libstax-java-doc libstax2-api-java libsuitesparse-dev
  libsurefire-java libtomcat8-java libvigraimpex-dev libvigraimpex-doc libvigraimpex5v5 libvisio-dev libwagon-java
  libwagon-java-doc libwerken.xpath-java libwoodstox-java libwpd-dev libwpg-dev libwps-dev libwsdl4j-java libx11-dev:i386
  libx11-xcb-dev:i386 libxau-dev:i386 libxbean-java libxcb-dri2-0-dev:i386 libxcb-dri3-dev:i386 libxcb-glx0-dev:i386
  libxcb-present-dev:i386 libxcb-randr0:i386 libxcb-randr0-dev:i386 libxcb-render0:i386 libxcb-render0-dev:i386 libxcb-shape0:i386
  libxcb-shape0-dev:i386 libxcb-sync-dev:i386 libxcb-xfixes0:i386 libxcb-xfixes0-dev:i386 libxcb1-dev:i386 libxdamage-dev:i386
  libxdmcp-dev:i386 libxext-dev:i386 libxfixes-dev:i386 libxmlbeans-java libxshmfence-dev:i386 libxstream-java libxxf86vm-dev:i386
  maven-debian-helper maven-repo-helper maven2 mesa-common-dev:i386 python-h5py python-librdf python-vigra python-vigra-doc
  velocity velocity-doc
Use 'apt-get autoremove' to remove them.
The following extra packages will be installed:
  firebird-dev:i386 firebird2.5-server-common:i386 gstreamer1.0-plugins-base:i386 gstreamer1.0-tools:i386 libaudio2:i386
  libc6-dev:i386 libcap2:i386 libdatrie1:i386 libdbusmenu-qt2:i386 libfbclient2:i386 libfbembed2.5:i386
  libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-0:i386 libgstreamer1.0-0:i386 libib-util:i386 libltdl-dev:i386 libmng2:i386 libmysqlclient-dev:i386
  libqt4-dbus:i386 libqt4-declarative:i386 libqt4-declarative-folderlistmodel:i386 libqt4-declarative-gestures:i386
  libqt4-declarative-particles:i386 libqt4-declarative-shaders:i386 libqt4-designer:i386 libqt4-dev:i386 libqt4-help:i386
  libqt4-network:i386 libqt4-opengl:i386 libqt4-qt3support:i386 libqt4-script:i386 libqt4-scripttools:i386 libqt4-sql:i386
  libqt4-sql-sqlite:i386 libqt4-svg:i386 libqt4-test:i386 libqt4-xml:i386 libqt4-xmlpatterns:i386 libqtcore4:i386 libqtdbus4:i386
  libqtgui4:i386 libqtwebkit-dev:i386 libqtwebkit4:i386 libsqlite3-dev:i386 libthai0:i386 libxss1:i386 libxtst6:i386 libxv1:i386
  linux-libc-dev:i386 nas:i386 odbcinst1debian2:i386 qt4-designer:i386 qt4-dev-tools:i386 qt4-qmlviewer:i386 qt4-qtconfig:i386
  skype-bin:i386 sni-qt:i386 unixodbc-dev:i386 zlib1g-dev:i386
Suggested packages:
  firebird2.5-examples:i386 manpages-dev:i386 libtool-doc:i386 libpq-dev:i386 libsqlite0-dev:i386 qt4-doc:i386 libicu52:i386
  sqlite3-doc:i386 audiooss:i386 qt4-doc-html:i386
Recommended packages:
  libqt4-opengl-dev:i386
The following packages will be REMOVED:
  automoc firebird-dev firebird2.5-server-common kdelibs5-dev libfbembed2.5 libkrb5-dev libmysqlclient-dev libphonon-dev libpq-dev
  libqt4-dev libqt4-opengl-dev libqtwebkit-dev libreoffice-subsequentcheckbase libsqlite0-dev python-sqlite-dbg qt4-designer
  qt4-dev-tools unixodbc-dev
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  firebird-dev:i386 firebird2.5-server-common:i386 gstreamer1.0-plugins-base:i386 gstreamer1.0-tools:i386 libaudio2:i386
  libc6-dev:i386 libcap2:i386 libdatrie1:i386 libdbusmenu-qt2:i386 libfbclient2:i386 libfbembed2.5:i386
  libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-0:i386 libgstreamer1.0-0:i386 libib-util:i386 libltdl-dev:i386 libmng2:i386 libmysqlclient-dev:i386
  libqt4-dbus:i386 libqt4-declarative:i386 libqt4-declarative-folderlistmodel:i386 libqt4-declarative-gestures:i386
  libqt4-declarative-particles:i386 libqt4-declarative-shaders:i386 libqt4-designer:i386 libqt4-dev:i386 libqt4-help:i386
  libqt4-network:i386 libqt4-opengl:i386 libqt4-qt3support:i386 libqt4-script:i386 libqt4-scripttools:i386 libqt4-sql:i386
  libqt4-sql-sqlite:i386 libqt4-svg:i386 libqt4-test:i386 libqt4-xml:i386 libqt4-xmlpatterns:i386 libqtcore4:i386 libqtdbus4:i386
  libqtgui4:i386 libqtwebkit-dev:i386 libqtwebkit4:i386 libsqlite3-dev:i386 libthai0:i386 libxss1:i386 libxtst6:i386 libxv1:i386
  linux-libc-dev:i386 nas:i386 odbcinst1debian2:i386 qt4-designer:i386 qt4-dev-tools:i386 qt4-qmlviewer:i386 qt4-qtconfig:i386
  skype skype-bin:i386 sni-qt:i386 unixodbc-dev:i386 zlib1g-dev:i386
0 upgraded, 59 newly installed, 18 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 61.3 MB of archives.
After this operation, 146 MB of additional disk space will be used.

apt-get autoremove没有输出，这意味着The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required是因为 Skype。

为什么包skype过时了这么多（可能很重要！）与 Java 相关的包，我可以同时拥有这两个包吗？这是 Ubuntu 15.10。

apt-get purge skype给Package 'skype' is not installed, so not removed.

安装其他软件包可以提供，例如，

The following extra packages will be installed:
  libfinance-yahooquote-perl
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  libfinance-yahooquote-perl smtm
0 upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.

所以它是特定于 Skype 的。

评论中建议我一一删除“以下软件包将被删除”中的每一个，以查看哪些给出了长长的删除列表，我这样做了：

A=$(for i in `echo automoc firebird-dev firebird2.5-server-common kdelibs5-dev libfbembed2.5 libkrb5-dev libmysqlclient-dev libphonon-dev libpq-dev libqt4-dev libqt4-opengl-dev libqtwebkit-dev libreoffice-subsequentcheckbase libsqlite0-dev python-sqlite-dbg qt4-designer qt4-dev-tools unixodbc-dev`
    do echo; echo PACKAGE IS $i IS PACKAGE
    echo; echo -e '\04' | apt remove $i; done
) 
printf "$A" > a

我最终得到了以下列表：

automoc 
kdelibs5-dev 
libmysqlclient-dev 
libphonon-dev 
libpq-dev 
libqt4-dev 
libreoffice-subsequentcheckbase 
unixodbc-dev

所以现在的问题更像是，为什么这些软件包需要被 Skype 删除，为什么它们会导致一长串的废弃？

cat

Asked: 2016-01-23 08:44:39 +0800 CST

根据 GCC，安装的标头不存在

2

我想用 GTK 库编译Pike 。为此，我需要gtk安装标头。

$ tee test.cpp test.c
#include<gtk/gtk.h>
#include<gtk/gtk.h>
$ g++ test.cpp; gcc test.c                                                                                                                                   
test.cpp:1:21: fatal error: gtk/gtk.h: No such file or directory
compilation terminated.
test.c:1:21: fatal error: gtk/gtk.h: No such file or directory
compilation terminated.

我环顾四周，找到要安装的软件包。

$ apt install libgtk-3-dev libgtk2.0-dev
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
libgtk2.0-dev is already the newest version.
libgtk-3-dev is already the newest version.
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.

好的...

$ sudo ls -Ral /usr/include/ | grep gtk
<617 lines of proof snipped...>
$ !! | wc -l
617

？？？

$ sudo find /usr/include -name "*gtk*" | wc -l
567

标题在那里；我知道他们是。为什么gcc找不到他们？

cat

Asked: 2016-01-06 08:29:38 +0800 CST

如何更改 WLAN 设备的名称？

3

在我上次安装 Linux 时，我的笔记本电脑的 Intel/Realtek PXE 无线电设备的名称似乎很常见，wlan0. 我喜欢这个名字；打字和记住很好。

那是 Linux Mint 14.04，我已经升级到 Ubuntu 15.10。wlp2s0现在，正如报道的那样，同一个电台有 name ifconfig。rle*我想这是自 14.04 以来对内核或 Realtek 驱动程序的更新或更改。

有什么办法可以改回来wlan0吗？

cat

Asked: 2016-01-01 17:58:42 +0800 CST

删除默认 DE

1

最近，我安装了 Ubuntu MATE。然后，因为我想要 Cinnamon 并且只有Cinnamon 和 Cinnamon 基本上是我所关心的，所以我做了apt remove mate-desktop或类似的事情，重新启动，lightdm拒绝工作，唯一的解决方案是重新安装。

所以，我重新安装了，这次是 Lubuntu。我想让LLubuntu 中的应用程序消失*，这样它的应用程序就不会侵犯我的桌面，所以我不必处理它的丑陋。

然而，我担心这样做apt remove lubuntu-desktop会删除Core Ubuntu 所知道的一切，这是一个问题。

我怎样才能在LXDE不损害系统完整性的情况下让（和 openbox，如果可能的话）消失？

据我了解 Ubuntu，有官方 Ubuntu，运行 Unity，然后官方风味只是不同的 DE 和默认包，所以在我的理解中，我可以清除我不想要的东西并最终得到一个正常运行的系统。不过，情况似乎并非如此。

*那么，我为什么要安装 Lubuntu？因为我想要一个轻量级的 Ubuntu 来构建，而 UbuntuMinimalCD 是有问题的。

cat

Asked: 2016-01-01 17:48:46 +0800 CST

如何删除 AbiWord？

4

我刚刚安装了 Lubuntu，然后我在上面扔了 Cinnamon。每次我登录任何会话时：gnome、cinnamon、lxde 都会abiword立即打开，就好像我告诉过它一样。

我至少不喜欢这个，但更烦人的是：

$ apt purge abiword
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following packages will be REMOVED:
  abiword* lubuntu-desktop*
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 2 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
After this operation, 5,027 kB disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] ^C
$ apt remove abiword
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following packages will be REMOVED:
  abiword lubuntu-desktop
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 2 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
After this operation, 5,027 kB disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] ^C

LXDE 似乎需要Abiword ......即使 Abiword 是用于GNOME的。我真的不想要 Abiword （我也不是真的想要 LXDE，但我想如果我删除它，lightdm会因为它脆弱和懦弱而损坏，然后我会哭）。

我可以这样做echo > /usr/bin/abiword，但我担心我可能会破坏 LXDE，这并不能解决它在登录时开始并且无法禁用它的问题（我已经检查了所有的自动启动设置；它不存在） .

我可以阻止abiword像病毒一样在启动时打开吗？

cat

Asked: 2015-12-30 15:36:00 +0800 CST

僵尸分区

1

这个问题已经演变。^{它是 ALIVEEEEEEEEEEE ！！！}

在给磁盘一个全新的分区表之后（或者这就是gparted我认为已经完成的事情），这就是gparted显示的内容：

多么伟大！一周前我杀的魔法分区和魔法数据死而复生！

好吧，也许gnome-disks可以帮助解决问题。

显然，udisks并且gparted正在密谋让我用砖头砸我的头！

好吧，没关系，如果我使用它格式化它也许会符合gnome-disks......没关系。

然后我尝试gparted再次格式化它，它似乎符合！但是，一旦 Ubiquity 尝试对其进行格式化/partman在其上运行以安装 Ubuntu，Ubiquity 就会像以前一样在此屏幕上崩溃：

我该怎么办？是否有一个神奇的工具可以缓解我的 Ubuntu 安装问题，或者我需要购买新磁盘吗？我真的不想买新盘。_{我很穷好吗？？}

我不想相信我需要一个新磁盘，即这个磁盘已物理损坏，因为它是几个月前的 SSD。它永远不会离开我笔记本电脑的隔间，所以我看不出加密它如何等同于物理损坏，但无论如何。

cat

Asked: 2015-12-25 14:28:56 +0800 CST

恢复半加密磁盘

4

最近我提交了一个错误，从我的角度来看，这是 Ubuntu 安装程序中一个非常烦人的错误。

然而，我安装 Ubuntu 的麻烦似乎与 Ubuntu 无关，而是几天前尝试安装 Manjaro Linux 时，我不小心选择了“加密磁盘”和“使用 LVM”，我认为是简单的新分区表将使加密消失。

现在我已经尝试安装 Ubuntu 14.04 并且 Ubiquity 在同一个地方崩溃，我发现磁盘在某种程度上显然存在错误。

据我从 SMART 状态（包括在下面）中可以看出，它没有物理损坏，并且gparted没有抱怨IO格式化或写入磁盘的错误。

我还验证了我使用的所有 LiveCD 的哈希值和完整性。

~~假设加密是问题，我能做些什么来恢复我的磁盘以便安装 Ubuntu？我是否将每个扇区都写满了零？（这不会需要几天吗？）~~

~~如果加密不是问题，那是什么？~~

假设加密不是问题，那是什么？

这是smartctl -a /dev/sda，正如预期的那样，没有错误：

smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-24-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Device Model:     SanDisk SDSSDA240G
Serial Number:    153655402044
LU WWN Device Id: 5 001b44 ed2285a3c
Firmware Version: U21010RL
User Capacity:    240,057,409,536 bytes [240 GB]
Sector Size:      512 bytes logical/physical
Rotation Rate:    Solid State Device
Device is:        Not in smartctl database [for details use: -P showall]
ATA Version is:   ACS-2 T13/2015-D revision 3
SATA Version is:  SATA >3.1, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 6.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is:    Sat Dec 26 21:37:31 2015 EST
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
AAM feature is:   Unavailable
APM level is:     254 (maximum performance)
Rd look-ahead is: Disabled
Write cache is:   Enabled
ATA Security is:  ENABLED, PW level MAX, not locked, frozen [SEC6]
Wt Cache Reorder: Unavailable

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED

General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status:  (0x00) Offline data collection activity
                    was never started.
                    Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.
Self-test execution status:      (   0) The previous self-test routine completed
                    without error or no self-test has ever 
                    been run.
Total time to complete Offline 
data collection:        (    0) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities:            (0x71) SMART execute Offline immediate.
                    No Auto Offline data collection support.
                    Suspend Offline collection upon new
                    command.
                    No Offline surface scan supported.
                    Self-test supported.
                    Conveyance Self-test supported.
                    Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities:            (0x0002) Does not save SMART data before
                    entering power-saving mode.
                    Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability:        (0x01) Error logging supported.
                    General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine 
recommended polling time:    (   2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time:    (  10) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time:    (   2) minutes.

SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 1
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME          FLAGS    VALUE WORST THRESH FAIL RAW_VALUE
  5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct   -O--CK   100   100   000    -    0
  9 Power_On_Hours          -O--CK   143   100   000    -    143
 12 Power_Cycle_Count       -O--CK   100   100   000    -    833
166 Unknown_Attribute       -O--CK   100   100   000    -    1
167 Unknown_Attribute       -O--CK   100   100   000    -    0
168 Unknown_Attribute       -O--CK   100   100   000    -    12
169 Unknown_Attribute       -O--CK   100   100   000    -    46
170 Unknown_Attribute       -O--CK   100   100   000    -    0
171 Unknown_Attribute       -O--CK   100   100   000    -    0
172 Unknown_Attribute       -O--CK   100   100   000    -    0
173 Unknown_Attribute       -O--CK   100   100   ---    -    7
174 Unknown_Attribute       -O--CK   100   100   000    -    57
187 Reported_Uncorrect      -O--CK   100   100   000    -    0
194 Temperature_Celsius     -O---K   061   100   000    -    39 (0 52 0 0 0)
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count    -O--CK   100   100   000    -    0
230 Unknown_SSD_Attribute   -O--CK   100   100   000    -    0
232 Available_Reservd_Space PO--CK   100   100   004    -    100
233 Media_Wearout_Indicator -O--CK   100   100   000    -    1872
241 Total_LBAs_Written      ----CK   253   253   000    -    1687
242 Total_LBAs_Read         ----CK   253   253   000    -    891
                            ||||||_ K auto-keep
                            |||||__ C event count
                            ||||___ R error rate
                            |||____ S speed/performance
                            ||_____ O updated online
                            |______ P prefailure warning

General Purpose Log Directory Version 1
SMART           Log Directory Version 1 [multi-sector log support]
Address    Access  R/W   Size  Description
0x00       GPL,SL  R/O      1  Log Directory
0x01       GPL,SL  R/O      1  Summary SMART error log
0x02       GPL,SL  R/O      1  Comprehensive SMART error log
0x03       GPL,SL  R/O      1  Ext. Comprehensive SMART error log
0x04       GPL,SL  R/O      8  Device Statistics log
0x06       GPL,SL  R/O      1  SMART self-test log
0x07       GPL,SL  R/O      1  Extended self-test log
0x09       GPL,SL  R/W      1  Selective self-test log
0x10       GPL,SL  R/O      1  NCQ Command Error log
0x11       GPL,SL  R/O      1  SATA Phy Event Counters
0x30       GPL,SL  R/O      9  IDENTIFY DEVICE data log
0x80-0x9f  GPL,SL  R/W     16  Host vendor specific log
0xe0       GPL,SL  R/W      1  SCT Command/Status
0xe1       GPL,SL  R/W      1  SCT Data Transfer

SMART Extended Comprehensive Error Log Version: 1 (1 sectors)
No Errors Logged

SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged

SMART Extended Self-test Log Version: 1 (1 sectors)
No self-tests have been logged.  [To run self-tests, use: smartctl -t]

SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
No self-tests have been logged.  [To run self-tests, use: smartctl -t]


SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
 SPAN  MIN_LBA  MAX_LBA  CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
    1        0        0  Not_testing
    2        0        0  Not_testing
    3        0        0  Not_testing
    4        0        0  Not_testing
    5        0        0  Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
  After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.

SCT Commands not supported

Device Statistics (GP Log 0x04)
Page Offset Size         Value  Description
  1  =====  =                =  == General Statistics (rev 2) ==
  1  0x008  4              833  Lifetime Power-On Resets
  1  0x010  4              143  Power-on Hours
  1  0x018  6             1687  Logical Sectors Written
  1  0x020  6         67940491  Number of Write Commands
  1  0x028  6              891  Logical Sectors Read
  1  0x030  6         42663463  Number of Read Commands
  2  =====  =                =  == Free-Fall Statistics (empty) ==
  3  =====  =                =  == Rotating Media Statistics (empty) ==
  4  =====  =                =  == General Errors Statistics (rev 1) ==
  4  0x008  4                0  Number of Reported Uncorrectable Errors
  4  0x010  4               57  Resets Between Cmd Acceptance and Completion
  5  =====  =                =  == Temperature Statistics (rev 1) ==
  5  0x008  1               39  Current Temperature
  5  0x010  1             -110  Average Short Term Temperature
  5  0x018  1             -124  Average Long Term Temperature
  5  0x020  1               51  Highest Temperature
  5  0x028  1               10  Lowest Temperature
  5  0x030  1             -110  Highest Average Short Term Temperature
  5  0x038  1                1  Lowest Average Short Term Temperature
  5  0x040  1               -1  Highest Average Long Term Temperature
  5  0x048  1                0  Lowest Average Long Term Temperature
  5  0x050  4                0  Time in Over-Temperature
  5  0x058  1              100  Specified Maximum Operating Temperature
  5  0x060  4                0  Time in Under-Temperature
  5  0x068  1                0  Specified Minimum Operating Temperature
  6  =====  =                =  == Transport Statistics (rev 1) ==
  6  0x008  4             4442  Number of Hardware Resets
  6  0x018  4                0  Number of Interface CRC Errors
  7  =====  =                =  == Solid State Device Statistics (rev 1) ==
  7  0x008  1                0  Percentage Used Endurance Indicator

SATA Phy Event Counters (GP Log 0x11)
ID      Size     Value  Description
0x0001  2            0  Command failed due to ICRC error
0x0002  2            0  R_ERR response for data FIS
0x0003  2            0  R_ERR response for device-to-host data FIS
0x0004  2            0  R_ERR response for host-to-device data FIS
0x0005  2            0  R_ERR response for non-data FIS
0x0006  2            0  R_ERR response for device-to-host non-data FIS
0x0007  2            0  R_ERR response for host-to-device non-data FIS
0x0008  2            0  Device-to-host non-data FIS retries
0x0009  2            0  Transition from drive PhyRdy to drive PhyNRdy
0x000a  2            4  Device-to-host register FISes sent due to a COMRESET
0x000b  2            0  CRC errors within host-to-device FIS
0x000d  2            0  Non-CRC errors within host-to-device FIS
0x000f  2            0  R_ERR response for host-to-device data FIS, CRC
0x0010  2            0  R_ERR response for host-to-device data FIS, non-CRC
0x0012  2            0  R_ERR response for host-to-device non-data FIS, CRC
0x0013  2            0  R_ERR response for host-to-device non-data FIS, non-CRC