我想在一个 U 盘上安装 Clonezilla 和 GParted。我记得有一个联合项目，但现在已经关闭。有两个我可以下载的ISO吗？
我不想要多重引导 USB。我想要一个具有这两种工具的 Linux。很抱歉德语中的链接，但这是 2007 年提到的项目。
我在Welcome to Ubuntu 16.04.2 LTS (GNU/Linux 4.4.0-62-generic i686)，当我这样做时：
aptitude update
aptitude safe-upgrade
不提供升级。aptitude search linux-headers-4.8提供几个 4.8 内核：
p linux-headers-4.8.0-28 - Header files related to Linux kernel version 4.8.0
p linux-headers-4.8.0-28-generic - Linux kernel headers for version 4.8.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP
p linux-headers-4.8.0-28-lowlatency - Linux kernel headers for version 4.8.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP
p linux-headers-4.8.0-30 - Header files related to Linux kernel version 4.8.0
p linux-headers-4.8.0-30-generic - Linux kernel headers for version 4.8.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP
p linux-headers-4.8.0-30-lowlatency - Linux kernel headers for version 4.8.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP
p linux-headers-4.8.0-32 - Header files related to Linux kernel version 4.8.0
p linux-headers-4.8.0-32-generic - Linux kernel headers for version 4.8.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP
p linux-headers-4.8.0-32-lowlatency - Linux kernel headers for version 4.8.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP
p linux-headers-4.8.0-34 - Header files related to Linux kernel version 4.8.0
p linux-headers-4.8.0-34-generic - Linux kernel headers for version 4.8.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP
p linux-headers-4.8.0-34-lowlatency - Linux kernel headers for version 4.8.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP
p linux-headers-4.8.0-36 - Header files related to Linux kernel version 4.8.0
p linux-headers-4.8.0-36-generic - Linux kernel headers for version 4.8.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP
p linux-headers-4.8.0-36-lowlatency - Linux kernel headers for version 4.8.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP
在德语维基百科ubuntu中写道，内核 4.8 自 2017 年 2 月 17 日起可用于 16.04.2 LTS：
英文 Wikipedia 和Ubuntu 发布页面仍然在 16.04.2 LTS 的内核版本 4.4 上。后一个（Ubuntu 发布页面）也省略了 16.04.2 LTS，而且似乎不是最新的。
是不是有点太早了，还是我应该手动更新内核？
该模块intel-mid_wdt被列入黑名单。我搜索了（这里，谷歌，启动板）它被列入黑名单的原因，但我找不到任何原因。是否有一个通用列表可以解释为什么某个模块默认被列入黑名单？
我在带有 4.4.0-57 内核的 Ubuntu 16.04 上，我想安装一个自制模块。BIOS 是非 UEFI BIOS (Kontron 986LCD-M/mITX)。
我尝试按照此过程对模块进行签名，但步骤 3 ( sudo mokutil --import MOK.der) 的结果是EFI variables are not supported on this system.
我试图按照这个食谱，但我找不到公钥。
如何在非 UEFI 板上签署模块？
==================================================== ==
更新 1：似乎只有使用 UEFI Bios 运行的模块才必须使用 16.04 下的签名模块：
I use as grub option: `GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=" acpi_enforce_resources=lax"`.
I get the error `module verification failed: signature and/or required key missing - tainting kernel` in dmesg if I try to load a module via modprobe.
`sudo mokutil --disable-validation` returns the error `EFI variables are not supported on this system`
================ 更新1 ================================ ===================
我很抱歉，但这个说法是错误的：
您参考的过程描述了禁用安全启动验证，而不是对模块进行签名。无需在非 UEFI 系统上签署内核模块，因为安全启动是 UEFI 独有的功能。
内核应该以这种方式工作，但事实并非如此。我体验它是因为我总是收到我error module verification failed: signature and/or required key missing - tainting kernel在 dmesg 中收到的错误消息，并且内核没有加载。
================ 更新2 ================================ =================== 如何在非 uefi 主板上安装垫片：
# aptitude search shim
p grub-splashimages - a collection of great GRUB splashimages
p grub2-splashimages - a collection of great GRUB2 splashimages
p libjs-es5-shim - ECMAScript 5 compat. shims for old JavaScript engines (library
p libjs-es6-shim - ECMAScript 6 compat. shims for legacy JavaScript engines (libr
p node-es5-shim - ECMAScript 5 compat. shims for old JavaScript engines (Node.js
p node-es6-shim - ECMAScript 6 compat. shims for legacy JavaScript engines (Node
p olpc-kbdshim - Dienst zur OLPC-XO-Tastaturunterstützung
v olpc-kbdshim-common -
v olpc-kdbshim-hal -
p ruby-launchy-shim - helper class for launching a web browser
p shimmer-themes - Gtk+ themes from Shimmer Project
p shimmer-wallpapers - Wallpapers from Shimmer Project
p systemd-shim - shim für systemd
p yoshimi - Software-Synthesizer, basiert auf ZynAddSubFX
p yoshimi-data - Voreinstellungen für Yoshimi
是否systemd-shim正确？我相信它不会起作用，因为它是非 UEFI MB ......
我正在 Ubuntu 16.04 上寻找 apt-front ，因为我收到错误消息fatal error: apt-front/utils/shared.h: No such file or directory。在 Ubuntu 14.04 上，我看到：
# aptitude search apt-front
i libapt-front-dev - High-level library for managing Debian packages
在 Ubuntu 16.04 上我不明白：
# aptitude search libapt-front
#
我的来源清单是：
# grep ^deb sources.list
deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted
deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted
deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse
deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse
deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security main restricted
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security universe
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security multiverse
我错过了一个网址吗？我可以在 Ubuntu 16.04 上做什么？
这个问题与那个问题相似，但我想预先排除一个字符串。假设文件：
cVar=
cVar=
1 cVar=
Var=
Var=
我想 grepVar但不是cVar。我试过grep -P '(?!c)Var' file了，但我得到了文件的所有行。当我尝试grep -P ' (?!c)Var' file（请注意括号前的空白）时，我得到了应有的最后一行。
A *or.没有帮助。
我在 Ubuntu 16.04 LTS、14.04 LTS 和 10.04 LTS 上对其进行了测试。总是一样的结果。
我正在使用 Ubuntu 16.04 的 2012-Dez-06 的 Vim 版本 7.4，我在 W10 上使用 PuTTY 0.67。我想将 NUM 键盘的键映射到.vimrc. 我在 vim 的命令行上试过，但它不起作用：
map <k1> COMMAND
map k1 COMMAND
map <C-k1> COMMAND
map <S-k1> COMMAND
map *keypad-1* COMMAND
map keypad-1 COMMAND
例如，如果我这样做：
map 1 dd
它可以工作，如果我点击，该行将被删除1。
如果我在 vi 中按下 NUM 键盘按钮1, 2, 3... 我会得到q, r, s, t... 如果我映射q到一个命令，则只有普通q按钮会执行该命令，但不会1在 NUM 键盘上执行。我.vimrc的是：
# cat ~/.vimrc
syntax on
set t_Co=256
colorscheme elflord
if &diff
colorscheme apprentice
endif
h keycodes告诉我：
…
<kHome> Anfang auf dem Ziffernblock (oben links)*keypad-home*
<kEnd> Ende auf dem Ziffernblock (unten links) *keypad-end*
*keypad-page-up*
<kPageUp> Bild rauf auf dem Ziffernblock (oben rechts)
*keypad-page-down*
<kPageDown> Bild runter auf dem Ziffernblock (unten rechts)
<kPlus> + auf dem Ziffernblock *keypad-plus*
<kMinus> - auf dem Ziffernblock *keypad-minus*
<kMultiply> * auf dem Ziffernblock *keypad-multiply*
<kDivide> / auf dem Ziffernblock *keypad-divide*
<kEnter> Enter auf dem Ziffernblock *keypad-enter*
<kPoint> Dezimalzeichen auf dem Ziffernblock *keypad-point*
<k0> - <k9> 0 bis 9 auf dem Ziffernblock *keypad-0* *keypad-9*
<S-...> Umschalttaste *shift* *<S-*
<C-...> Steuerungstaste *control* *ctrl* *<C-*
<M-...> Alt-Taste oder Meta-Taste *meta* *alt* *<M-*
<A-...> dasselbe wie <M-...> *<A-*
<D-...> Befehlstaste (nur Macintosh) *<D-*
<t_xx> Taste mit dem Eintrag »xx« in der TermCap
因此<k1>应该是正确的。
我将 Putty 与 ssh 和以下键盘设置一起使用：
如何映射数字键盘的键？
我用下面的例子解释了我在 Ubuntu 16.04 上的问题：文件是：
# cat file
aaa
aaaxxx
aaaxxx*aaa
aaa=aaaxxx
bbbaaaccc
aaaddd/aaaxxx
我想显示所有包含aaa但不是唯一组合的行aaaxxx。我想要这样的输出：
# grep SOMETHING-HERE file …
aaa
aaaxxx*aaa (second aaa is the hit)
aaa=aaaxxx (first aaa is the hit)
bbbaaaccc (aaa in any other combination but not aaaxxx)
aaaddd/aaaxxx (similar to above)
我尝试了grep -v aaaxxx file | grep aaa以下结果：
aaa
bbbaaaccc
或者
# egrep -P '(?<!aaaxxx )aaa' file
grep: die angegebenen Suchmuster stehen in Konflikt zueinander (the pattern are in contradiction)
有没有（简单的）可能性？当然不需要grep。谢谢
更新：请在问题末尾找到一点如何解决它！
==================================================== =======
我无法将日期设置为正确的时间：
root# date
Mi 16. Sep 19:24:42 CEST 2020
root# date --set="2016-07-01 19:41:30"
Fr 1. Jul 19:41:30 CEST 2016
root# date
Mi 16. Sep 19:26:03 CEST 2020
root# sudo dpkg-reconfigure tzdata
Current default time zone: 'Europe/Berlin'
Local time is now: Wed Sep 16 19:27:45 CEST 2020.
Universal Time is now: Wed Sep 16 17:27:45 UTC 2020.
root# hwclock
Fr 01 Jul 2016 19:43:45 CEST -0.281726 Sekunden
root# sudo date --set="2016-07-01 19:46:59.990"
Fr 1. Jul 19:46:59 CEST 2016
root# date
Mi 16. Sep 19:30:31 CEST 2020
如何正确设置时间？
我注意到以下内容：
# sudo ntpdate ptbtime1.ptb.de
4 Jul 20:34:24 ntpdate[12575]: step time server 192.53.103.108 offset -132709448.892320 sec
-132709448.892320 秒的偏移量约为 4.2 年。如何删除此偏移量？
我可以通过以下方式增加年份：
date --set "1 year"
但我不能减少年份：
date --set "-1 year"
命令日期在后一种情况下返回与“-1 年”之前相同的日期。这是一个错误吗？
Kubuntu 14.04 LTS (3.13.0-66-generic) 主要作为服务器。
我尝试通过 KDE 设置时间，但得到了相同的结果。我无法更改日期/时间。
# ntpdate -d
18 Sep 21:23:23 ntpdate[19635]: ntpdate [email protected] Thu Feb 11 18:28:58 UTC 2016 (1)
18 Sep 21:23:23 ntpdate[19635]: no servers can be used, exiting
# ntpdate-debian -d
18 Sep 21:25:27 ntpdate[19992]: ntpdate [email protected] Thu Feb 11 18:28:58 UTC 2016 (1)
Looking for host 0.ubuntu.pool.ntp.org and service ntp
host found : clint.blazing.de
Looking for host 1.ubuntu.pool.ntp.org and service ntp
host found : static.140.107.46.78.clients.your-server.de
Looking for host 2.ubuntu.pool.ntp.org and service ntp
host found : smash-net.org
Looking for host 3.ubuntu.pool.ntp.org and service ntp
host found : ns2.customer-resolver.net
Looking for host ntp.ubuntu.com and service ntp
host found : golem.canonical.com
transmit(85.220.190.246)
receive(85.220.190.246)
transmit(129.250.35.250)
receive(129.250.35.250)
transmit(78.46.53.8)
receive(78.46.53.8)
transmit(195.50.171.101)
receive(195.50.171.101)
transmit(78.46.107.140)
receive(78.46.107.140)
transmit(148.251.84.200)
receive(148.251.84.200)
transmit(5.189.152.108)
receive(5.189.152.108)
transmit(217.79.181.50)
receive(217.79.181.50)
transmit(2a01:4f8:200:83e9:250:56ff:fe00:4bf9)
receive(2a01:4f8:200:83e9:250:56ff:fe00:4bf9)
transmit(2a01:238:439c:1900::3:1)
receive(2a01:238:439c:1900::3:1)
transmit(85.220.190.246)
transmit(2a01:4f8:120:710b::123)
receive(85.220.190.246)
receive(2a01:4f8:120:710b::123)
transmit(129.250.35.250)
transmit(2a01:4f8:121:4e4:1:2:3:4)
receive(2a01:4f8:121:4e4:1:2:3:4)
receive(129.250.35.250)
transmit(78.46.53.8)
transmit(148.251.68.100)
receive(78.46.53.8)
receive(148.251.68.100)
transmit(195.50.171.101)
transmit(5.9.122.148)
receive(195.50.171.101)
receive(5.9.122.148)
transmit(78.46.107.140)
transmit(213.95.200.110)
receive(78.46.107.140)
receive(213.95.200.110)
transmit(148.251.84.200)
transmit(144.76.96.7)
receive(148.251.84.200)
receive(144.76.96.7)
transmit(5.189.152.108)
transmit(62.116.130.3)
receive(5.189.152.108)
receive(62.116.130.3)
transmit(217.79.181.50)
transmit(146.0.32.144)
receive(217.79.181.50)
receive(146.0.32.144)
transmit(2a01:4f8:200:83e9:250:56ff:fe00:4bf9)
transmit(85.25.195.205)
receive(2a01:4f8:200:83e9:250:56ff:fe00:4bf9)
receive(85.25.195.205)
transmit(2a01:238:439c:1900::3:1)
transmit(144.76.172.53)
receive(2a01:238:439c:1900::3:1)
receive(144.76.172.53)
transmit(85.220.190.246)
transmit(2a01:4f8:120:710b::123)
transmit(2001:67c:1560:8003::c7)
receive(85.220.190.246)
receive(2a01:4f8:120:710b::123)
receive(2001:67c:1560:8003::c7)
transmit(129.250.35.250)
transmit(2a01:4f8:121:4e4:1:2:3:4)
transmit(91.189.89.199)
receive(2a01:4f8:121:4e4:1:2:3:4)
receive(91.189.89.199)
receive(129.250.35.250)
transmit(78.46.53.8)
transmit(148.251.68.100)
transmit(91.189.94.4)
receive(78.46.53.8)
receive(148.251.68.100)
receive(91.189.94.4)
transmit(195.50.171.101)
transmit(5.9.122.148)
receive(195.50.171.101)
receive(5.9.122.148)
transmit(78.46.107.140)
transmit(213.95.200.110)
receive(78.46.107.140)
receive(213.95.200.110)
transmit(148.251.84.200)
transmit(144.76.96.7)
receive(148.251.84.200)
receive(144.76.96.7)
transmit(5.189.152.108)
transmit(62.116.130.3)
receive(5.189.152.108)
receive(62.116.130.3)
transmit(217.79.181.50)
transmit(146.0.32.144)
receive(217.79.181.50)
receive(146.0.32.144)
transmit(2a01:4f8:200:83e9:250:56ff:fe00:4bf9)
transmit(85.25.195.205)
receive(85.25.195.205)
transmit(2a01:238:439c:1900::3:1)
transmit(144.76.172.53)
receive(2a01:238:439c:1900::3:1)
receive(144.76.172.53)
transmit(85.220.190.246)
transmit(2a01:4f8:120:710b::123)
transmit(2001:67c:1560:8003::c7)
receive(85.220.190.246)
receive(2a01:4f8:120:710b::123)
receive(2001:67c:1560:8003::c7)
transmit(129.250.35.250)
transmit(2a01:4f8:121:4e4:1:2:3:4)
transmit(91.189.89.199)
receive(2a01:4f8:121:4e4:1:2:3:4)
receive(91.189.89.199)
receive(129.250.35.250)
transmit(78.46.53.8)
transmit(148.251.68.100)
transmit(91.189.94.4)
receive(78.46.53.8)
receive(148.251.68.100)
receive(91.189.94.4)
transmit(195.50.171.101)
transmit(5.9.122.148)
receive(195.50.171.101)
receive(5.9.122.148)
transmit(78.46.107.140)
transmit(213.95.200.110)
receive(78.46.107.140)
receive(213.95.200.110)
transmit(148.251.84.200)
transmit(144.76.96.7)
receive(148.251.84.200)
receive(144.76.96.7)
transmit(5.189.152.108)
transmit(62.116.130.3)
receive(5.189.152.108)
receive(62.116.130.3)
transmit(217.79.181.50)
transmit(146.0.32.144)
receive(217.79.181.50)
receive(146.0.32.144)
transmit(2a01:4f8:200:83e9:250:56ff:fe00:4bf9)
transmit(85.25.195.205)
receive(2a01:4f8:200:83e9:250:56ff:fe00:4bf9)
receive(85.25.195.205)
transmit(2a01:238:439c:1900::3:1)
transmit(144.76.172.53)
receive(2a01:238:439c:1900::3:1)
receive(144.76.172.53)
transmit(2a01:4f8:120:710b::123)
transmit(2001:67c:1560:8003::c7)
receive(2a01:4f8:120:710b::123)
receive(2001:67c:1560:8003::c7)
transmit(2a01:4f8:121:4e4:1:2:3:4)
transmit(91.189.89.199)
receive(2a01:4f8:121:4e4:1:2:3:4)
receive(91.189.89.199)
transmit(148.251.68.100)
transmit(91.189.94.4)
receive(148.251.68.100)
receive(91.189.94.4)
transmit(5.9.122.148)
receive(5.9.122.148)
transmit(213.95.200.110)
receive(213.95.200.110)
transmit(144.76.96.7)
receive(144.76.96.7)
transmit(62.116.130.3)
receive(62.116.130.3)
transmit(146.0.32.144)
receive(146.0.32.144)
transmit(85.25.195.205)
receive(85.25.195.205)
transmit(144.76.172.53)
receive(144.76.172.53)
transmit(2001:67c:1560:8003::c7)
receive(2001:67c:1560:8003::c7)
transmit(91.189.89.199)
receive(91.189.89.199)
transmit(91.189.94.4)
receive(91.189.94.4)
server 85.220.190.246, port 123
stratum 2, precision -22, leap 00, trust 000
refid [85.220.190.246], delay 0.05002, dispersion 0.00000
transmitted 4, in filter 4
reference time: db268987.31bbe7e5 Tue, Jul 5 2016 21:31:19.194
originate timestamp: db268be4.6732266d Tue, Jul 5 2016 21:41:24.403
transmit timestamp: f039422e.c220cd36 Sat, Sep 18 2027 21:25:34.758
filter delay: 0.05061 0.05026 0.05017 0.05002
0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
filter offset: -3535478 -3535478 -3535478 -3535478
0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
delay 0.05002, dispersion 0.00000
offset -353547850.367451
server 129.250.35.250, port 123
stratum 2, precision -20, leap 00, trust 000
refid [129.250.35.250], delay 0.06325, dispersion 0.00000
transmitted 4, in filter 4
reference time: db268bc9.9d9a2f66 Tue, Jul 5 2016 21:40:57.615
originate timestamp: db268be4.989e8255 Tue, Jul 5 2016 21:41:24.596
transmit timestamp: f039422e.f554a6e5 Sat, Sep 18 2027 21:25:34.958
filter delay: 0.06454 0.06355 0.06343 0.06325
0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
filter offset: -3535478 -3535478 -3535478 -3535478
0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
delay 0.06325, dispersion 0.00000
offset -353547850.380999
server 78.46.53.8, port 123
stratum 2, precision -22, leap 00, trust 000
refid [78.46.53.8], delay 0.05414, dispersion 0.00000
transmitted 4, in filter 4
reference time: db268a69.1c1df7dc Tue, Jul 5 2016 21:35:05.109
originate timestamp: db268be4.cd7fa34f Tue, Jul 5 2016 21:41:24.802
transmit timestamp: f039422f.28872495 Sat, Sep 18 2027 21:25:35.158
filter delay: 0.05522 0.05414 0.05426 0.05435
0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
filter offset: -3535478 -3535478 -3535478 -3535478
0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
delay 0.05414, dispersion 0.00000
offset -353547850.370135
server 195.50.171.101, port 123
stratum 2, precision -20, leap 00, trust 000
refid [195.50.171.101], delay 0.05035, dispersion 0.00000
transmitted 4, in filter 4
reference time: db2687f6.08c94ea4 Tue, Jul 5 2016 21:24:38.034
originate timestamp: db268be4.fff9a6d0 Tue, Jul 5 2016 21:41:24.999
transmit timestamp: f039422f.5bba8543 Sat, Sep 18 2027 21:25:35.358
filter delay: 0.05165 0.05083 0.05075 0.05035
0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
filter offset: -3535478 -3535478 -3535478 -3535478
0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
delay 0.05035, dispersion 0.00000
offset -353547850.370799
server 78.46.107.140, port 123
stratum 2, precision -19, leap 00, trust 000
refid [78.46.107.140], delay 0.05481, dispersion 0.00000
transmitted 4, in filter 4
reference time: db268b5f.82006106 Tue, Jul 5 2016 21:39:11.507
originate timestamp: db268be5.344a0d9d Tue, Jul 5 2016 21:41:25.204
transmit timestamp: f039422f.8eedb757 Sat, Sep 18 2027 21:25:35.558
filter delay: 0.05551 0.05540 0.05481 0.05490
0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
filter offset: -3535478 -3535478 -3535478 -3535478
0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
delay 0.05481, dispersion 0.00000
offset -353547850.368710
server 148.251.84.200, port 123
stratum 3, precision -22, leap 00, trust 000
refid [148.251.84.200], delay 0.05466, dispersion 0.00000
transmitted 4, in filter 4
reference time: db2686f2.a75ff9a8 Tue, Jul 5 2016 21:20:18.653
originate timestamp: db268be5.6755a6bb Tue, Jul 5 2016 21:41:25.403
transmit timestamp: f039422f.c220c86a Sat, Sep 18 2027 21:25:35.758
filter delay: 0.05577 0.05475 0.05466 0.05472
0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
filter offset: -3535478 -3535478 -3535478 -3535478
0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
delay 0.05466, dispersion 0.00000
offset -353547850.369217
server 5.189.152.108, port 123
stratum 2, precision -23, leap 00, trust 000
refid [5.189.152.108], delay 0.05783, dispersion 0.00000
transmitted 4, in filter 4
reference time: db26868b.3179d6b0 Tue, Jul 5 2016 21:18:35.193
originate timestamp: db268be5.9a937568 Tue, Jul 5 2016 21:41:25.603
transmit timestamp: f039422f.f5568e4a Sat, Sep 18 2027 21:25:35.958
filter delay: 0.05873 0.05795 0.05783 0.05789
0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
filter offset: -3535478 -3535478 -3535478 -3535478
0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
delay 0.05783, dispersion 0.00000
offset -353547850.370795
server 217.79.181.50, port 123
stratum 2, precision -21, leap 00, trust 000
refid [217.79.181.50], delay 0.05034, dispersion 0.00000
transmitted 4, in filter 4
reference time: db268725.1943524d Tue, Jul 5 2016 21:21:09.098
originate timestamp: db268be5.ccfa76e2 Tue, Jul 5 2016 21:41:25.800
transmit timestamp: f0394230.28876baf Sat, Sep 18 2027 21:25:36.158
filter delay: 0.05121 0.05045 0.05034 0.05035
0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
filter offset: -3535478 -3535478 -3535478 -3535478
0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
delay 0.05034, dispersion 0.00000
offset -353547850.369936
server 2a01:4f8:200:83e9:250:56ff:fe00:4bf9, port 123
stratum 2, precision -22, leap 00, trust 000
refid [2a01:4f8:200:83e9:250:56ff:fe00:4bf9], delay 0.05411, dispersion 8.00000
transmitted 4, in filter 4
reference time: db268a4c.93bfd335 Tue, Jul 5 2016 21:34:36.577
originate timestamp: db268be6.00f24104 Tue, Jul 5 2016 21:41:26.003
transmit timestamp: f0394230.5bba9092 Sat, Sep 18 2027 21:25:36.358
filter delay: 0.05515 0.05411 0.00000 0.05487
0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
filter offset: -3535478 -3535478 0.000000 -3535478
0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
delay 0.05411, dispersion 8.00000
offset -353547850.369215
server 2a01:238:439c:1900::3:1, port 123
stratum 2, precision -20, leap 00, trust 000
refid [2a01:238:439c:1900::3:1], delay 0.04822, dispersion 0.00000
transmitted 4, in filter 4
reference time: db2688e9.e721c6ab Tue, Jul 5 2016 21:28:41.902
originate timestamp: db268be6.340222be Tue, Jul 5 2016 21:41:26.203
transmit timestamp: f0394230.8eedd7fd Sat, Sep 18 2027 21:25:36.558
filter delay: 0.05038 0.04822 0.04825 0.04996
0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
filter offset: -3535478 -3535478 -3535478 -3535478
0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
delay 0.04822, dispersion 0.00000
offset -353547850.368229
server 2a01:4f8:120:710b::123, port 123
stratum 2, precision -22, leap 00, trust 000
refid [2a01:4f8:120:710b::123], delay 0.05431, dispersion 0.00000
transmitted 4, in filter 4
reference time: db26844c.372fdd99 Tue, Jul 5 2016 21:09:00.215
originate timestamp: db268be6.671c1721 Tue, Jul 5 2016 21:41:26.402
transmit timestamp: f0394230.c220974f Sat, Sep 18 2027 21:25:36.758
filter delay: 0.05560 0.05505 0.05505 0.05431
0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
filter offset: -3535478 -3535478 -3535478 -3535478
0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
delay 0.05431, dispersion 0.00000
offset -353547850.369936
server 2a01:4f8:121:4e4:1:2:3:4, port 123
stratum 2, precision -19, leap 00, trust 000
refid [2a01:4f8:121:4e4:1:2:3:4], delay 0.05475, dispersion 0.00000
transmitted 4, in filter 4
reference time: db268b5f.82006106 Tue, Jul 5 2016 21:39:11.507
originate timestamp: db268be6.9a9e00f6 Tue, Jul 5 2016 21:41:26.603
transmit timestamp: f0394230.f5548ee3 Sat, Sep 18 2027 21:25:36.958
filter delay: 0.05707 0.05482 0.05487 0.05475
0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
filter offset: -3535478 -3535478 -3535478 -3535478
0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
delay 0.05475, dispersion 0.00000
offset -353547850.368975
server 148.251.68.100, port 123
stratum 2, precision -23, leap 00, trust 000
refid [148.251.68.100], delay 0.05426, dispersion 0.00000
transmitted 4, in filter 4
reference time: db2688a3.5d50b802 Tue, Jul 5 2016 21:27:31.364
originate timestamp: db268be6.cd54354b Tue, Jul 5 2016 21:41:26.802
transmit timestamp: f0394231.28879d53 Sat, Sep 18 2027 21:25:37.158
filter delay: 0.05576 0.05472 0.05466 0.05426
0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
filter offset: -3535478 -3535478 -3535478 -3535478
0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
delay 0.05426, dispersion 0.00000
offset -353547850.370599
server 5.9.122.148, port 123
stratum 2, precision -23, leap 00, trust 000
refid [5.9.122.148], delay 0.05487, dispersion 0.00000
transmitted 4, in filter 4
reference time: db2687f7.382e7714 Tue, Jul 5 2016 21:24:39.219
originate timestamp: db268be7.02dda381 Tue, Jul 5 2016 21:41:27.011
transmit timestamp: f0394231.5bbab928 Sat, Sep 18 2027 21:25:37.358
filter delay: 0.05644 0.05527 0.05487 0.06091
0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
filter offset: -3535478 -3535478 -3535478 -3535478
0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
delay 0.05487, dispersion 0.00000
offset -353547850.367615
server 213.95.200.110, port 123
stratum 2, precision -24, leap 00, trust 000
refid [213.95.200.110], delay 0.05887, dispersion 0.00000
transmitted 4, in filter 4
reference time: db26889d.b342aa88 Tue, Jul 5 2016 21:27:25.700
originate timestamp: db268be7.3421ecb5 Tue, Jul 5 2016 21:41:27.203
transmit timestamp: f0394231.8eedcabc Sat, Sep 18 2027 21:25:37.558
filter delay: 0.06035 0.05930 0.05901 0.05887
0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
filter offset: -3535478 -3535478 -3535478 -3535478
0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
delay 0.05887, dispersion 0.00000
offset -353547850.371335
server 144.76.96.7, port 123
stratum 3, precision -22, leap 00, trust 000
refid [144.76.96.7], delay 0.05453, dispersion 0.00000
transmitted 4, in filter 4
reference time: db26896a.82ef2e16 Tue, Jul 5 2016 21:30:50.511
originate timestamp: db268be7.675b0665 Tue, Jul 5 2016 21:41:27.403
transmit timestamp: f0394231.c220b8c3 Sat, Sep 18 2027 21:25:37.758
filter delay: 0.05560 0.05507 0.05473 0.05453
0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
filter offset: -3535478 -3535478 -3535478 -3535478
0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
delay 0.05453, dispersion 0.00000
offset -353547850.369113
server 62.116.130.3, port 123
stratum 2, precision -23, leap 00, trust 000
refid [62.116.130.3], delay 0.05789, dispersion 0.00000
transmitted 4, in filter 4
reference time: db268bbd.1949605f Tue, Jul 5 2016 21:40:45.098
originate timestamp: db268be7.9aa7655d Tue, Jul 5 2016 21:41:27.604
transmit timestamp: f0394231.f55464d7 Sat, Sep 18 2027 21:25:37.958
filter delay: 0.05927 0.05823 0.05789 0.05804
0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
filter offset: -3535478 -3535478 -3535478 -3535478
0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
delay 0.05789, dispersion 0.00000
offset -353547850.370114
server 146.0.32.144, port 123
stratum 3, precision -23, leap 00, trust 000
refid [146.0.32.144], delay 0.05066, dispersion 0.00000
transmitted 4, in filter 4
reference time: db2689bc.e2f625ed Tue, Jul 5 2016 21:32:12.886
originate timestamp: db268be7.cf8e0bf6 Tue, Jul 5 2016 21:41:27.810
transmit timestamp: f0394232.28877a6e Sat, Sep 18 2027 21:25:38.158
filter delay: 0.05180 0.05103 0.05066 0.05078
0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
filter offset: -3535478 -3535478 -3535478 -3535478
0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
delay 0.05066, dispersion 0.00000
offset -353547850.359924
server 85.25.195.205, port 123
stratum 2, precision -22, leap 00, trust 000
refid [85.25.195.205], delay 0.06105, dispersion 0.00000
transmitted 4, in filter 4
reference time: db268678.43f41691 Tue, Jul 5 2016 21:18:16.265
originate timestamp: db268be7.ff7e42eb Tue, Jul 5 2016 21:41:27.998
transmit timestamp: f0394232.5bbaa2a4 Sat, Sep 18 2027 21:25:38.358
filter delay: 0.06247 0.06146 0.06139 0.06105
0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
filter offset: -3535478 -3535478 -3535478 -3535478
0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
delay 0.06105, dispersion 0.00000
offset -353547850.378071
server 144.76.172.53, port 123
stratum 3, precision -23, leap 00, trust 000
refid [144.76.172.53], delay 0.05502, dispersion 0.00000
transmitted 4, in filter 4
reference time: db2689a9.4e6b79e3 Tue, Jul 5 2016 21:31:53.306
originate timestamp: db268be8.3456c726 Tue, Jul 5 2016 21:41:28.204
transmit timestamp: f0394232.8eedef7e Sat, Sep 18 2027 21:25:38.558
filter delay: 0.05638 0.05536 0.05502 0.05513
0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
filter offset: -3535478 -3535478 -3535478 -3535478
0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
delay 0.05502, dispersion 0.00000
offset -353547850.368483
server 2001:67c:1560:8003::c7, port 123
stratum 2, precision -23, leap 00, trust 000
refid [2001:67c:1560:8003::c7], delay 0.06203, dispersion 0.00000
transmitted 4, in filter 4
reference time: db2688ed.c69880ee Tue, Jul 5 2016 21:28:45.775
originate timestamp: db268be8.6872924c Tue, Jul 5 2016 21:41:28.407
transmit timestamp: f0394232.c220d9b2 Sat, Sep 18 2027 21:25:38.758
filter delay: 0.06351 0.06258 0.06203 0.06207
0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
filter offset: -3535478 -3535478 -3535478 -3535478
0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
delay 0.06203, dispersion 0.00000
offset -353547850.368557
server 91.189.89.199, port 123
stratum 2, precision -23, leap 00, trust 000
refid [91.189.89.199], delay 0.06055, dispersion 0.00000
transmitted 4, in filter 4
reference time: db2688ed.c69880ee Tue, Jul 5 2016 21:28:45.775
originate timestamp: db268be8.9b94c35e Tue, Jul 5 2016 21:41:28.607
transmit timestamp: f0394232.f5544947 Sat, Sep 18 2027 21:25:38.958
filter delay: 0.06183 0.06087 0.06055 0.06139
0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
filter offset: -3535478 -3535478 -3535478 -3535478
0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
delay 0.06055, dispersion 0.00000
offset -353547850.368600
server 91.189.94.4, port 123
stratum 2, precision -22, leap 00, trust 000
refid [91.189.94.4], delay 0.06114, dispersion 0.00000
transmitted 4, in filter 4
reference time: db268abe.9c37a7d7 Tue, Jul 5 2016 21:36:30.610
originate timestamp: db268be8.cdd60117 Tue, Jul 5 2016 21:41:28.804
transmit timestamp: f0394233.28877a3f Sat, Sep 18 2027 21:25:39.158
filter delay: 0.06210 0.06140 0.06128 0.06114
0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
filter offset: -3535478 -3535478 -3535478 -3535478
0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
delay 0.06114, dispersion 0.00000
offset -353547850.372071
18 Sep 21:25:39 ntpdate[19992]: step time server 85.220.190.246 offset -353547850.367451 sec
是/etc/default/ntpdate：
# The settings in this file are used by the program ntpdate-debian, but not
# by the upstream program ntpdate.
# Set to "yes" to take the server list from /etc/ntp.conf, from package ntp,
# so you only have to keep it in one place.
NTPDATE_USE_NTP_CONF=yes
# List of NTP servers to use (Separate multiple servers with spaces.)
# Not used if NTPDATE_USE_NTP_CONF is yes.
NTPSERVERS="ntp.ubuntu.com"
# Additional options to pass to ntpdate
NTPOPTIONS=""
/etc/ntp.conf 是：
# /etc/ntp.conf, configuration for ntpd; see ntp.conf(5) for help
driftfile /var/lib/ntp/ntp.drift
# Enable this if you want statistics to be logged.
#statsdir /var/log/ntpstats/
statistics loopstats peerstats clockstats
filegen loopstats file loopstats type day enable
filegen peerstats file peerstats type day enable
filegen clockstats file clockstats type day enable
# Specify one or more NTP servers.
# Use servers from the NTP Pool Project. Approved by Ubuntu Technical Board
# on 2011-02-08 (LP: #104525). See http://www.pool.ntp.org/join.html for
# more information.
server 0.ubuntu.pool.ntp.org
server 1.ubuntu.pool.ntp.org
server 2.ubuntu.pool.ntp.org
server 3.ubuntu.pool.ntp.org
# Use Ubuntu's ntp server as a fallback.
server ntp.ubuntu.com
# Access control configuration; see /usr/share/doc/ntp-doc/html/accopt.html for
# details. The web page <http://support.ntp.org/bin/view/Support/AccessRestrictions>
# might also be helpful.
#
# Note that "restrict" applies to both servers and clients, so a configuration
#
# Note that "restrict" applies to both servers and clients, so a configuration
# that might be intended to block requests from certain clients could also end
# up blocking replies from your own upstream servers.
# By default, exchange time with everybody, but don't allow configuration.
restrict -4 default kod notrap nomodify nopeer noquery
restrict -6 default kod notrap nomodify nopeer noquery
# Local users may interrogate the ntp server more closely.
restrict 127.0.0.1
restrict ::1
# Clients from this (example!) subnet have unlimited access, but only if
# cryptographically authenticated.
#restrict 192.168.123.0 mask 255.255.255.0 notrust
# If you want to provide time to your local subnet, change the next line.
# (Again, the address is an example only.)
#broadcast 192.168.123.255
# If you want to listen to time broadcasts on your local subnet, de-comment the
# next lines. Please do this only if you trust everybody on the network!
#disable auth
#broadcastclient
漂移文件/var/lib/ntp/ntp.drift不存在。
/etc/default/ntpdatentp 是否有“无漂移”或“无偏移”之类的选项（最后一行）？
漂移（或偏移）存储在哪里？我可以手动更新吗？
对于 Ulo 1：
# sudo date 070620292016.30
Mi 6. Jul 20:29:30 CEST 2016
# date
So 19. Sep 20:12:42 CEST 2027
# sudo date --set="2016-07-06 20:30:59.990" && date --rfc-3339=ns
Mi 6. Jul 20:30:59 CEST 2016
2027-09-19 20:13:16.565104422+02:00
# date
So 19. Sep 20:13:20 CEST 2027
# ntpdate -s ntp.ubuntu.com
# date
So 19. Sep 20:13:37 CEST 2027
对于 Ulo 2：
# date
Mo 20. Sep 18:52:15 UTC 2027
# sudo timedatectl set-timezone UTC
# date
Mo 20. Sep 18:52:21 UTC 2027
看起来服务错误地“更正”了日期：
# sudo date --set="2016-07-06 20:30:59.700" && date && sleep 1 && date
Mi 6. Jul 20:30:59 CEST 2016
Mi 6. Jul 20:30:59 CEST 2016
So 19. Sep 21:06:31 CEST 2027
可能是哪种服务？
==================================================== ======
有一点方法的解决方案
插入 /etc/ntp.conf
tinker panic 0
检查是否在 /etc/default/ntpdate 中设置了此选项：
NTPDATE_USE_NTP_CONF=yes
检查是否在 /etc/default/ntp 中设置了此选项：
NTPD_OPTS='-g'
比停止 ntp 并将 hwclock 设置为实际日期和时间：
# sudo service ntp stop
* Stopping NTP server ntpd [ OK ]
# sudo hwclock --set --date="7/9/16 18:37:30"
# hwclock
Sa 09 Jul 2016 18:37:34 CEST -0.047338 Sekunden
将 hwclock 设置为系统日期/时间（感谢 Michael Hampton）：
# hwclock -s
检查仍然不同的 hwclock（Bios 时间）和 date（系统时间）：
# hwclock
Sa 09 Jul 2016 18:37:47 CEST -0.984834 Sekunden
# date
Mi 22. Sep 00:24:34 CEST 2027
不要重新启动 ntp 并等待大约 10 分钟。您可以检查日期或时钟。日期仍然错误！：
# date
Mi 22. Sep 00:29:32 CEST 2027
# date
Mi 22. Sep 00:33:49 CEST 2027
Reboot after 10 minutes. Correct the file system because it complaint that the last file system check was in the future, something like this:
sudo fsck -v -a /dev/sda1
Correct the files in your system which are future dated. Locate a reference file reffile with the correct timestamp:
find / -cnewer /reffile | xargs touch
It runs for some time. Reboot afterwards and erverything should work.
和有什么区别
rm executable
和
rm executable >>dev/null
我在 a 中有后面的声明Makefile并将其更改为第一个。我的印象是什么都没有改变。
我在 Ubuntu 14.04 上创建了一个压缩包：
cd /tmp
tar -cfvz archive.tar.gz /folder
现在我想将 tarball 中的特定文件夹（在 tarball 中位于/tmp）中提取到特定文件夹中：
cd /tmp
tar -xfvz archive.tar.gz folder/in/archive -C /tmp/archive
结果应该是被/tmp调用的新文件夹archive。这个对吗？特别是要提取的文件夹的缺失斜杠（相对路径）以及要创建的文件夹的前导斜杠的绝对路径？
我使用 Ubuntu 14.04，我有很多文件/var/cache/apt（请注意它们不是档案）。我已经跑了aptitude autoclean，但我认为这只对档案起作用。
我可以简单地删除文件pkgcache.bin.02SUCA吗？我想 pkgcache.bin 和 srcpkgcache.bin 很重要，不是吗？
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 20480 Dez 2 21:31 ./
drwxr-xr-x 22 root root 4096 Nov 22 22:40 ../
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jun 21 16:02 apt-file/
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 53248 Dez 2 21:23 archives/
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 16368834 Dez 2 21:31 pkgcache.bin
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 25165824 Dez 2 20:26 pkgcache.bin.02SUCA
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 25165824 Dez 2 20:19 pkgcache.bin.03XpfC
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 25165824 Dez 2 20:19 pkgcache.bin.077hIh
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 25165824 Dez 2 20:19 pkgcache.bin.0bLboZ
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 25165824 Dez 2 20:19 pkgcache.bin.0EoDpq
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 25165824 Dez 2 20:32 pkgcache.bin.0mROye
... (goes on forever)
我想用make clean. 我想过这样的事情：
find ./ -type d -maxdepth 1 | xargs "make clean"
但它不起作用。请你帮助我好吗？
我想冻结 Kubuntu 14.04.1 LTS Trusty 的内核版本。/etc/apt/source.list评论第 5 行和第 6 行（见下文） 是否足够？
4 ...
5 deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted
6 deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted
7 ...
这是检查正在使用的内核（前面带有“i”的内核）：
root:~# aptitude search linux-image-generic linux-headers-generic
i A linux-headers-generic - Generische Linux-Kernel-Header
p linux-headers-generic-lts-quantal - Generische Linux-Kernel-Header
p linux-headers-generic-lts-raring - Generische Linux-Kernel-Header
p linux-headers-generic-lts-saucy - Generische Linux-Kernel-Header
p linux-headers-generic-lts-trusty - Generische Linux-Kernel-Header
p linux-headers-generic-lts-utopic - Generic Linux kernel headers
p linux-headers-generic-lts-vivid - Generic Linux kernel headers
p linux-headers-generic-pae - Übergangspaket
i A linux-image-generic - Generisches Linux-Kernel-Abbild
p linux-image-generic-lts-quantal - Generisches Linux-Kernel-Abbild
p linux-image-generic-lts-raring - Generisches Linux-Kernel-Abbild
p linux-image-generic-lts-saucy - Generisches Linux-Kernel-Abbild
p linux-image-generic-lts-trusty - Generisches Linux-Kernel-Abbild
p linux-image-generic-lts-utopic - Generic Linux kernel image
p linux-image-generic-lts-vivid - Generic Linux kernel image
p linux-image-generic-pae - Übergangspaket