有没有办法在 kUbuntu 22.04 上将 KDE Plasma 从 5.24 升级到 5.27(无需升级到 kUbuntu 23)?
Edward Torvalds's questions
我在 Ubuntu 20.04.2 LTS 服务器上运行 Dovecot 1:2.3.7.2-1ubuntu3.3。我的 postfix/dovecot 自托管邮件服务器工作正常!我可以毫无问题地发送和接收邮件。在撰写此问题时,与邮件服务器设置和操作系统本身相关的所有软件包都是最新的。
我想要做的是在依赖 dovecot 日志的 fail2ban 的帮助下阻止垃圾邮件登录。Fail2ban 设置不起作用,因为 dovecot 没有记录与身份验证相关的任何内容。虽然我看到了其他类型的日志。
输出sudo dovecot -n
:
# 2.3.7.2 (3c910f64b): /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf
# Pigeonhole version 0.5.7.2 ()
# OS: Linux 5.4.0-58-generic x86_64 Ubuntu 20.04.2 LTS
# Hostname: **redacted**
auth_debug = yes
auth_debug_passwords = yes
auth_mechanisms = plain login
auth_verbose = yes
auth_verbose_passwords = sha1
dict {
quota = pgsql:/etc/dovecot/dovecot-dict-sql.conf.ext
}
info_log_path = /var/log/dovecot-info.log
log_path = /var/log/dovecot.log
mail_debug = yes
mail_home = /var/vmail/%d/%n/
mail_location = maildir:~/Maildir
mail_plugins = quota
mail_privileged_group = mail
managesieve_notify_capability = mailto
managesieve_sieve_capability = fileinto reject envelope encoded-character vacation subaddress comparator-i;ascii-numeric relational regex imap4flags copy include variables body enotify environment mailbox date index ihave duplicate mime foreverypart extracttext
namespace inbox {
inbox = yes
location =
mailbox Archive {
auto = subscribe
special_use = \Archive
}
mailbox Drafts {
auto = subscribe
special_use = \Drafts
}
mailbox Flagged {
auto = subscribe
comment = All my flagged messages
special_use = \Flagged
}
mailbox Junk {
auto = subscribe
special_use = \Junk
}
mailbox Sent {
auto = subscribe
special_use = \Sent
}
mailbox Trash {
auto = subscribe
special_use = \Trash
}
prefix =
}
passdb {
args = /etc/dovecot/dovecot-sql.conf.ext
driver = sql
}
plugin {
quota = dict:User quota::proxy::quota
quota_grace = 10%%
quota_max_mail_size = 26M
quota_rule = *:storage=4096M
quota_rule2 = Trash:storage=+200M
quota_warning = storage=95%% quota-warning 95 %u
quota_warning2 = storage=80%% quota-warning 80 %u
quota_warning4 = -storage=100%% quota-warning -100 %u
sieve = file:~/sieve;active=~/.dovecot.sieve
sieve_before = /var/mail/SpamToJunk.sieve
}
protocols = imap pop3 lmtp sieve imap lmtp sieve pop3
service auth {
unix_listener /var/spool/postfix/private/auth {
group = postfix
mode = 0660
user = postfix
}
}
service dict {
unix_listener dict {
group = vmail
mode = 0660
user = vmail
}
}
service lmtp {
unix_listener /var/spool/postfix/private/dovecot-lmtp {
group = postfix
mode = 0600
user = postfix
}
}
service quota-warning {
executable = script /usr/local/bin/quota-warning.sh
unix_listener quota-warning {
user = vmail
}
user = dovecot
}
ssl_cert = **redacted**
ssl_dh = # hidden, use -P to show it
ssl_key = # hidden, use -P to show it
ssl_min_protocol = TLSv1.2
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers = yes
userdb {
args = /etc/dovecot/dovecot-sql.conf.ext
driver = sql
}
verbose_ssl = yes
protocol lmtp {
mail_plugins = quota sieve
}
protocol lda {
mail_plugins = quota sieve
}
protocol imap {
mail_plugins = quota imap_quota
}
输出sudo doveadm log find
:
Debug: /var/log/dovecot-info.log
Info: /var/log/dovecot-info.log
Warning: /var/log/dovecot.log
Error: /var/log/dovecot.log
Fatal: /var/log/dovecot.log
systemctl 的状态报告显示 dovecot 正在运行,没有其他信息。
我尝试了许多与日志相关的配置,但没有运气(当然,在配置更改后重新启动 dovecot)。如果我需要提供更多信息,请告诉我。提前致谢。
为什么会$ ls > ls.out
导致“ls.out”包含在当前目录中的文件名列表中?为什么选择这个?为什么不呢?
我之前了解到 NetworkManager 将 WiFi 密码存储在/etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/<wifi name>
文件中。但就我而言,在 Ubuntu 15.10 上,我无法在该文件中找到任何密码。
我试过这个:
sudo cat /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/cig | grep psk
[sudo] password for edward:
key-mgmt=wpa-psk
psk-flags=1
NetworkManager 在这里存储 WiFi 密码吗?
我有两台运行 Ubuntu 的计算机并安装了 Remmina。我想要“如何”设置两台计算机,以便一台计算机可以使用另一台计算机的远程桌面。
我知道 , <
,<()
都<<
用于提供输入 >
,>()
而 , 用于重定向输出。
但我不知道它们之间有什么明显区别以及何时使用它们。如果可能,请详细解释并附上参考资料。谢谢
我正在按照MountWindowsSharesPermanently在启动时安装 samba 共享
正如 wiki 中所说,我将这些行添加到/etc/fstab
:
# auto-mounting the samba share 'Seagates' on raspberry pi
//192.168.2.2/Seagates /home/edward/samba/raspberry cifs uid=1000,gid=1000,credentials=/home/edward/.smbcredentials,iocharset=utf8,sec=ntlm 0 0
之后,因为它是受密码保护的共享,所以我添加了登录凭据~/.smbcredentials
并重新启动
挂载失败并出现这些错误,取自journalctl | grep samba
:
Nov 10 22:39:27 flippingbits systemd[1]: Mounting /home/edward/samba/raspberry...
Nov 10 22:39:33 flippingbits systemd[1]: home-edward-samba-raspberry.mount: Mount process exited, code=exited status=32
Nov 10 22:39:33 flippingbits systemd[1]: Failed to mount /home/edward/samba/raspberry.
Nov 10 22:39:33 flippingbits systemd[1]: home-edward-samba-raspberry.mount: Unit entered failed state.
Nov 10 22:39:58 flippingbits smbd[2613]: pam_unix(samba:session): session closed for user nobody
sudo mount -a
但是,如果我在启动后使用挂载,它就可以工作。
注意:在同一页面(此处)上,他们展示了username=guest
解决此问题的方法。但我不能这样做,因为我将它安装为另一个用户,它写在~/.smbcredentials
我在 Ubuntu 15.10
我有两台计算机连接到同一个网络。第一台电脑(笔记本电脑)是我的主要用途。我使用 Ubuntu 的Backups
程序来备份我的数据,因为我必须连接外部硬盘驱动器。现在我厌倦了连接和移除外部硬盘驱动器。
所以我将它连接到第二台计算机(台式机),但想将数据直接备份到连接到第二台计算机的外部硬盘驱动器。
我需要做什么?
我可以用来2> errorLogFile
将运行脚本的错误记录到文件中吗?我的问题是如何记录错误的日期和时间以及错误?
例如:
$ cat myScript
2> errorLogFile
..... # rest of the script
错误文件应该是这样的:
$ cat errorLogFile
21 Nov 2015 2:00 PM some error happened
我正在编写一个服务脚本systemd
,每 1 小时记录一次带宽使用情况。如果网络出现故障,应该告诉该脚本网络出现故障并且脚本将暂时停止。同样,如果网络再次启动,它应该告诉它网络已启动。
我正在使用 bash 在 Ubuntu 15.10 上编写脚本
请在您提出解决方案之前,请注意我不需要解决此问题,例如对某些服务器执行 ping 操作。
在我全新安装 Ubuntu 15.10 之后,我不得不再次使用 Evolution 设置 GPG 加密,但它无法正常工作(在全新安装之前,它在 Ubuntu 15.04 上运行良好
选择Option
>后GPG encrypt
出现此错误:
因为“gpg: CEF41E5C: skipped: unusable public key gpg: [stdin]: encryption failed: unusable public key”,你可能需要选择不同的邮件选项。
如何修复此错误?提前致谢 :)
我最近安装了 Gnome Desktop ( sudo apt-get install ubuntu-gnome-desktop
) 之后,我无法更改 Ubuntu 桌面的墙纸,也看不到桌面上的任何文件。
我在 Ubuntu 15.04
我在 Ubuntu 15.04 上使用内核 3.19.0-28-generic。无法启动 virtual-box 5,我抛出这个错误:
我在其他虚拟机(fedora、windows xp)上也遇到了同样的错误
Debian VM 的日志在这里
我正在 Libre Office 4.4 中制作文档,请考虑以下情况:
1. this is the first item in main list
2. this is second but something is wrong
this is self made list (i dont want to number this list)
this is second item in self made list
1. i wanted 3. here but libre office gives me 1. :(
您可能会注意到最后一个列表项应该以 as 开头,3.
但它以 as 开头1.
如何解决这个问题?
截屏:
我在 Lenovo Z50-70 上使用 Ubuntu 15.04。我的 wifi 不稳定,它一次又一次地断开连接并要求输入密码。
注意:我输入的密码是正确的,Windows 上的其他用户使用 wifi 没有任何问题。
的输出sudo lshw -C network
:
*-network
description: Ethernet interface
product: RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller
vendor: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd.
physical id: 0
bus info: pci@0000:01:00.0
logical name: eth0
version: 10
serial: 68:f7:28:74:fd:06
size: 100Mbit/s
capacity: 1Gbit/s
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm msi pciexpress msix vpd bus_master cap_list ethernet physical tp mii 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd 1000bt 1000bt-fd autonegotiation
configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=r8169 driverversion=2.3LK-NAPI duplex=full firmware=rtl8168g-3_0.0.1 04/23/13 ip=192.168.2.6 latency=0 link=yes multicast=yes port=MII speed=100Mbit/s
resources: irq:45 ioport:4000(size=256) memory:c3504000-c3504fff memory:c3500000-c3503fff
*-network DISABLED
description: Wireless interface
product: QCA9565 / AR9565 Wireless Network Adapter
vendor: Qualcomm Atheros
physical id: 0
bus info: pci@0000:02:00.0
logical name: wlan0
version: 01
serial: 5c:93:a2:a3:59:55
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list rom ethernet physical wireless
configuration: broadcast=yes driver=ath9k driverversion=4.0.7-040007-generic firmware=N/A latency=0 link=no multicast=yes wireless=IEEE 802.11bgn
resources: irq:19 memory:c3400000-c347ffff memory:c3480000-c348ffff
的输出rfkill list
:
0: phy0: Wireless LAN
Soft blocked: yes
Hard blocked: no
1: ideapad_wlan: Wireless LAN
Soft blocked: yes
Hard blocked: no
2: ideapad_bluetooth: Bluetooth
Soft blocked: no
Hard blocked: no
7: hci0: Bluetooth
Soft blocked: yes
Hard blocked: no
的输出lspci -nn | grep Net
02:00.0 Network controller [0280]: Qualcomm Atheros QCA9565 / AR9565 Wireless Network Adapter [168c:0036] (rev 01)
我昨天进行了全新安装,此后 Rhythmbox 无法播放,也无法从 Musics 文件夹中找到音乐。
我已经安装了 Ubuntu-restricted extra,请帮助
我选择了“文件 - 添加音乐”,然后选择了音乐文件夹,但没有导入任何音乐
我在 ubuntu 15.04 上遇到 vlc 2.2 的一些问题。我想知道如何安装旧版本 2.0。我尝试使用 deb 包进行安装,但出现了很多依赖性错误。
谁能建议更好的方法?
我有最新的64 位括号deb 包。我在 Ubuntu 15.04 上。我收到以下错误:
dependency is not satisfiable: libgcrypt11 (>= 1.4.5)
我尝试安装libgcrypt11
然后出现此错误:
$ sudo apt-get install libgcrypt11
Package libgcrypt11 is not available, but is referred to by another package.
This may mean that the package is missing, has been obsoleted, or is only available from another source
E: Package 'libgcrypt11' has no installation candidate
我现在该怎么办?
我刚刚使用 systemback 创建了当前安装的 Ubuntu 的可启动 LIVE 映像。
文件格式为.sblive
. 我如何将其转换为.iso
?
我尝试了谷歌搜索“在计算机启动时隐藏 grub 菜单”的所有方法,但仍然没有运气,我猜在 Ubuntu 15.04 上的工作方式有所不同?
这是我的食物
# If you change this file, run 'update-grub' afterwards to update
# /boot/grub/grub.cfg.
# For full documentation of the options in this file, see:
# info -f grub -n 'Simple configuration'
GRUB_DEFAULT=0
GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=0
GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT_QUIET=true
GRUB_TIMEOUT=0
GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=`lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian`
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="libahci.ignore_sss=1 vesafb.invalid=1 quite nopat drm.debug=0xe"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=""
# Uncomment to enable BadRAM filtering, modify to suit your needs
# This works with Linux (no patch required) and with any kernel that obtains
# the memory map information from GRUB (GNU Mach, kernel of FreeBSD ...)
#GRUB_BADRAM="0x01234567,0xfefefefe,0x89abcdef,0xefefefef"
# Uncomment to disable graphical terminal (grub-pc only)
#GRUB_TERMINAL=console
# The resolution used on graphical terminal
# note that you can use only modes which your graphic card supports via VBE
# you can see them in real GRUB with the command `vbeinfo'
#GRUB_GFXMODE=640x480
# Uncomment if you don't want GRUB to pass "root=UUID=xxx" parameter to Linux
#GRUB_DISABLE_LINUX_UUID=true
# Uncomment to disable generation of recovery mode menu entries
#GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true"
# Uncomment to get a beep at grub start
#GRUB_INIT_TUNE="480 440 1"
GRUB_GFXPAYLOAD_LINUX=text
grub.cfg 文件:
#
# DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE
#
# It is automatically generated by grub-mkconfig using templates
# from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub
#
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_header ###
if [ -s $prefix/grubenv ]; then
set have_grubenv=true
load_env
fi
if [ "${next_entry}" ] ; then
set default="${next_entry}"
set next_entry=
save_env next_entry
set boot_once=true
else
set default="0"
fi
if [ x"${feature_menuentry_id}" = xy ]; then
menuentry_id_option="--id"
else
menuentry_id_option=""
fi
export menuentry_id_option
if [ "${prev_saved_entry}" ]; then
set saved_entry="${prev_saved_entry}"
save_env saved_entry
set prev_saved_entry=
save_env prev_saved_entry
set boot_once=true
fi
function savedefault {
if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then
saved_entry="${chosen}"
save_env saved_entry
fi
}
function recordfail {
set recordfail=1
if [ -n "${have_grubenv}" ]; then if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then save_env recordfail; fi; fi
}
function load_video {
if [ x$feature_all_video_module = xy ]; then
insmod all_video
else
insmod efi_gop
insmod efi_uga
insmod ieee1275_fb
insmod vbe
insmod vga
insmod video_bochs
insmod video_cirrus
fi
}
if [ x$feature_default_font_path = xy ] ; then
font=unicode
else
insmod part_gpt
insmod xfs
set root='hd0,gpt2'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt2 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt2 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt2 3b12612a-44e7-448e-b6a1-692930065384
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 3b12612a-44e7-448e-b6a1-692930065384
fi
font="/usr/share/grub/unicode.pf2"
fi
if loadfont $font ; then
set gfxmode=auto
load_video
insmod gfxterm
set locale_dir=$prefix/locale
set lang=en_US
insmod gettext
fi
terminal_output gfxterm
if [ "${recordfail}" = 1 ] ; then
set timeout=-1
else
if [ x$feature_timeout_style = xy ] ; then
set timeout_style=hidden
set timeout=0
# Fallback hidden-timeout code in case the timeout_style feature is
# unavailable.
elif sleep --interruptible 0 ; then
set timeout=0
fi
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/00_header ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ###
set menu_color_normal=white/black
set menu_color_highlight=black/light-gray
if background_color 44,0,30,0; then
clear
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###
function gfxmode {
set gfxpayload="${1}"
if [ "${1}" = "keep" ]; then
set vt_handoff=vt.handoff=7
else
set vt_handoff=
fi
}
set linux_gfx_mode=text
export linux_gfx_mode
menuentry 'Ubuntu' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-simple-3b12612a-44e7-448e-b6a1-692930065384' {
recordfail
gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode
insmod gzio
if [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fi
insmod part_gpt
insmod xfs
set root='hd0,gpt2'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt2 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt2 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt2 3b12612a-44e7-448e-b6a1-692930065384
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 3b12612a-44e7-448e-b6a1-692930065384
fi
linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.19.0-15-generic root=UUID=3b12612a-44e7-448e-b6a1-692930065384 ro nopat plymouth:debug=1 vesafb.invalid=1 quite=1 libahci.ignore_sss=1
initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.19.0-15-generic
}
submenu 'Advanced options for Ubuntu' $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-advanced-3b12612a-44e7-448e-b6a1-692930065384' {
menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.19.0-15-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.19.0-15-generic-advanced-3b12612a-44e7-448e-b6a1-692930065384' {
recordfail
gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode
insmod gzio
if [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fi
insmod part_gpt
insmod xfs
set root='hd0,gpt2'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt2 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt2 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt2 3b12612a-44e7-448e-b6a1-692930065384
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 3b12612a-44e7-448e-b6a1-692930065384
fi
echo 'Loading Linux 3.19.0-15-generic ...'
linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.19.0-15-generic root=UUID=3b12612a-44e7-448e-b6a1-692930065384 ro nopat plymouth:debug=1 vesafb.invalid=1 quite=1 libahci.ignore_sss=1
echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.19.0-15-generic
}
menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.19.0-15-generic (upstart)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.19.0-15-generic-init-upstart-3b12612a-44e7-448e-b6a1-692930065384' {
recordfail
gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode
insmod gzio
if [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fi
insmod part_gpt
insmod xfs
set root='hd0,gpt2'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt2 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt2 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt2 3b12612a-44e7-448e-b6a1-692930065384
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 3b12612a-44e7-448e-b6a1-692930065384
fi
echo 'Loading Linux 3.19.0-15-generic ...'
linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.19.0-15-generic root=UUID=3b12612a-44e7-448e-b6a1-692930065384 ro nopat plymouth:debug=1 vesafb.invalid=1 quite=1 libahci.ignore_sss=1 init=/sbin/upstart
echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.19.0-15-generic
}
menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.19.0-15-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.19.0-15-generic-recovery-3b12612a-44e7-448e-b6a1-692930065384' {
recordfail
insmod gzio
if [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fi
insmod part_gpt
insmod xfs
set root='hd0,gpt2'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt2 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt2 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt2 3b12612a-44e7-448e-b6a1-692930065384
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 3b12612a-44e7-448e-b6a1-692930065384
fi
echo 'Loading Linux 3.19.0-15-generic ...'
linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.19.0-15-generic root=UUID=3b12612a-44e7-448e-b6a1-692930065384 ro recovery nomodeset
echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.19.0-15-generic
}
}
### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ###
### END /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/25_custom ###
menuentry "Windows UEFI bootmgfw.efi" {
search --fs-uuid --no-floppy --set=root 8D03-9A18
chainloader (${root})/EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi
}
menuentry "EFI/ubuntu/MokManager.efi" {
search --fs-uuid --no-floppy --set=root 8D03-9A18
chainloader (${root})/EFI/ubuntu/MokManager.efi
}
### END /etc/grub.d/25_custom ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###
menuentry 'Windows Boot Manager (on /dev/sda1)' --class windows --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-efi-8D03-9A18' {
insmod part_gpt
insmod fat
set root='hd0,gpt1'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt1 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt1 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt1 8D03-9A18
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 8D03-9A18
fi
chainloader /EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi
}
menuentry 'Antergos Linux (2015.04-ISO-Rolling) (on /dev/sda7)' --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-gnulinux-simple-b61cdeef-aa4b-464e-a0ec-fcc2417926f4' {
insmod part_gpt
insmod xfs
set root='hd0,gpt7'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt7 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt7 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt7 b61cdeef-aa4b-464e-a0ec-fcc2417926f4
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root b61cdeef-aa4b-464e-a0ec-fcc2417926f4
fi
linux /boot/vmlinuz-linux root=UUID=b61cdeef-aa4b-464e-a0ec-fcc2417926f4 rw resume=UUID=f41d0df1-3da5-443c-9346-d66e03164c6a quiet
initrd /boot/initramfs-linux.img
}
submenu 'Advanced options for Antergos Linux (2015.04-ISO-Rolling) (on /dev/sda7)' $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-gnulinux-advanced-b61cdeef-aa4b-464e-a0ec-fcc2417926f4' {
menuentry 'Antergos Linux (on /dev/sda7)' --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-gnulinux-/boot/vmlinuz-linux--b61cdeef-aa4b-464e-a0ec-fcc2417926f4' {
insmod part_gpt
insmod xfs
set root='hd0,gpt7'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt7 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt7 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt7 b61cdeef-aa4b-464e-a0ec-fcc2417926f4
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root b61cdeef-aa4b-464e-a0ec-fcc2417926f4
fi
linux /boot/vmlinuz-linux root=UUID=b61cdeef-aa4b-464e-a0ec-fcc2417926f4 rw resume=UUID=f41d0df1-3da5-443c-9346-d66e03164c6a quiet
initrd /boot/initramfs-linux.img
}
menuentry 'Antergos Linux - Fallback (on /dev/sda7)' --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-gnulinux-/boot/vmlinuz-linux--b61cdeef-aa4b-464e-a0ec-fcc2417926f4' {
insmod part_gpt
insmod xfs
set root='hd0,gpt7'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt7 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt7 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt7 b61cdeef-aa4b-464e-a0ec-fcc2417926f4
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root b61cdeef-aa4b-464e-a0ec-fcc2417926f4
fi
linux /boot/vmlinuz-linux root=UUID=b61cdeef-aa4b-464e-a0ec-fcc2417926f4 rw resume=UUID=f41d0df1-3da5-443c-9346-d66e03164c6a quiet
initrd /boot/initramfs-linux-fallback.img
}
menuentry 'Antergos Linux (on /dev/sda7)' --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-gnulinux-/boot/vmlinuz-linux--b61cdeef-aa4b-464e-a0ec-fcc2417926f4' {
insmod part_gpt
insmod xfs
set root='hd0,gpt7'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt7 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt7 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt7 b61cdeef-aa4b-464e-a0ec-fcc2417926f4
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root b61cdeef-aa4b-464e-a0ec-fcc2417926f4
fi
linux /boot/vmlinuz-linux root=UUID=b61cdeef-aa4b-464e-a0ec-fcc2417926f4 rw resume=UUID=f41d0df1-3da5-443c-9346-d66e03164c6a quiet
initrd /boot/initramfs-linux-fallback.img
}
}
set timeout_style=menu
if [ "${timeout}" = 0 ]; then
set timeout=10
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_uefi-firmware ###
menuentry 'System setup' $menuentry_id_option 'uefi-firmware' {
fwsetup
}
### END /etc/grub.d/30_uefi-firmware ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/40_custom ###
# This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries. Simply type the
# menu entries you want to add after this comment. Be careful not to change
# the 'exec tail' line above.
### END /etc/grub.d/40_custom ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/41_custom ###
if [ -f ${config_directory}/custom.cfg ]; then
source ${config_directory}/custom.cfg
elif [ -z "${config_directory}" -a -f $prefix/custom.cfg ]; then
source $prefix/custom.cfg;
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/41_custom ###
如何在 ubuntu 15.04 上直接启动而不显示启动菜单?
更多细节:我确实在sudo update-grub
对 grub 文件进行更改后运行。我的BIOS是UEFI
更新:我三次启动 Ubuntu(默认,因为我 90% 的时间都在使用它)、arch linux、windows(偶尔用于游戏)。所以我大部分时间都选择 Ubuntu 我想直接启动它,但偶尔如果我想启动到其他操作系统,我想“按下 shift 键并查看 grub 并选择所需的操作系统”,这就是我想要的原因隐藏幼虫
UPDATE2:当我将 grub 超时设置为 0 时,它在启动时变为 10 秒,不知道为什么......