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Martin Hope
cocomac
Asked: 2023-08-07 03:57:37 +0800 CST
  • 5

我有一台运行 Windows 10（或 Windows 11）的笔记本电脑。我可以ssh使用 进入我的 Ubuntu 计算机ssh [email protected]，但我想 (a) 使用 Windows 中的 GUI 应用程序或 (b) 使用 Windows 中的整个桌面。理想情况下，我想通过 X 转发而不是 VNC 或 RDP 来完成此操作。请注意，我在这里没有使用 Wayland。

我怎样才能做到这一点？

ssh
Martin Hope
cocomac
Asked: 2022-01-26 19:55:00 +0800 CST
  • 4

这会隐藏第一个命令的输出Oops，如果失败则打印到 stderr。到目前为止，一切都很好。

#!/usr/bin/env bash
invalid_command > /dev/null 2>&1 || >&2 echo "Oops"
echo hi

输出如下：

Oops
hi

但是如果第一个命令失败，我需要退出并打印一条消息。所以我尝试使用括号。

#!/usr/bin/env bash
invalid_command > /dev/null 2>&1 || ( >&2 echo "Oops" ; exit )
echo hi

这是它的输出：

Oops
hi

但是现在exit不起作用，因为它是在子shell中执行的，导致它 print hi，即使我希望脚本退出。

echo那么，如果特定命令使用操作符失败，我如何让 Bash 进入某些文本并退出||？我知道我可以使用单线来做到这一点，但如果可以避免的话if，我宁愿不必使用完整的声明。if

#!/usr/bin/env bash
if [ "$(invalid_command > /dev/null 2>&1 ; printf $?)" != "0" ]; then >&2 echo 'Oops' ; exit 1; fi
command-line
Martin Hope
cocomac
Asked: 2022-01-04 14:14:36 +0800 CST
  • 16

我正在使用 Ubuntu 21.10。如果我搞砸了，我可以重新运行最后一个命令!!。这是一个例子：

$ apt update
Reading package lists... Done
E: Could not open lock file /var/lib/apt/lists/lock - open (13: Permission denied)
E: Unable to lock directory /var/lib/apt/lists/
W: Problem unlinking the file /var/cache/apt/pkgcache.bin - RemoveCaches (13: Permission denied)
W: Problem unlinking the file /var/cache/apt/srcpkgcache.bin - RemoveCaches (13: Permission denied)
$ sudo !!
sudo apt update
[sudo] password for [me]:
...
Fetched 336 kB in 2s (206 kB/s)
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
98 packages can be upgraded. Run 'apt list --upgradable' to see them.

没关系，但不是重新运行上一个命令，而是如何运行它之前的命令？像这样：

$ echo hi
hi
$ echo hello
hello
$ !!   <-- I'm trying to get that to run 'echo hi'
hello

基本上，这就是我要找的

$ echo hi
hi
$ echo hello
hello
$ ???   <-- What can I put here to get it to run 'echo hi'?
echo hello!
hello!

那么，鉴于!!运行最后一个命令，我如何在前一个命令之前运行该命令？在我的示例中，!!我可以运行什么来执行echo hi？

command-line
Martin Hope
cocomac
Asked: 2021-12-22 12:20:50 +0800 CST
  • 1

所以我以 root 身份运行了一个愚蠢的命令（不要运行）

# chown -R root:root /{usr,lib,var,etc,bin,sbin,tools}

所以……哎呀。我碰巧打开了一个root shell（从我造成这个的时候开始），所以我可以sudo通过做

# chown root:root /usr/bin/sudo
# chmod 4755 /usr/bin/sudo

耶，sudo又工作了。我想安装一个包（ncdu），所以我跑了sudo apt-get install ncdu。

$ sudo apt-get install ncdu
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  ncdu
0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 0 B/43.4 kB of archives.
After this operation, 106 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Selecting previously unselected package ncdu.
(Reading database ... 233654 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../ncdu_1.15.1-1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking ncdu (1.15.1-1) ...
Setting up ncdu (1.15.1-1) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.9.4-2) ...
/usr/bin/mandb: can't chmod /var/cache/man/CACHEDIR.TAG: Operation not permitted
/usr/bin/mandb: can't remove /var/cache/man/CACHEDIR.TAG: Permission denied
/usr/bin/mandb: fopen /var/cache/man/1053532: Permission denied
/usr/bin/mandb: can't chmod /var/cache/man/es/CACHEDIR.TAG: Operation not permitted
/usr/bin/mandb: can't remove /var/cache/man/es/CACHEDIR.TAG: Permission denied
/usr/bin/mandb: fopen /var/cache/man/es/1053532: Permission denied
/usr/bin/mandb: can't chmod /var/cache/man/zh_TW/CACHEDIR.TAG: Operation not permitted
/usr/bin/mandb: can't remove /var/cache/man/zh_TW/CACHEDIR.TAG: Permission denied
/usr/bin/mandb: fopen /var/cache/man/zh_TW/1053532: Permission denied
/usr/bin/mandb: can't chmod /var/cache/man/fi/CACHEDIR.TAG: Operation not permitted
/usr/bin/mandb: can't remove /var/cache/man/fi/CACHEDIR.TAG: Permission denied
/usr/bin/mandb: fopen /var/cache/man/fi/1053532: Permission denied
/usr/bin/mandb: can't chmod /var/cache/man/de/CACHEDIR.TAG: Operation not permitted
/usr/bin/mandb: can't remove /var/cache/man/de/CACHEDIR.TAG: Permission denied
/usr/bin/mandb: fopen /var/cache/man/de/1053532: Permission denied
/usr/bin/mandb: can't chmod /var/cache/man/uk/CACHEDIR.TAG: Operation not permitted
/usr/bin/mandb: can't remove /var/cache/man/uk/CACHEDIR.TAG: Permission denied
/usr/bin/mandb: fopen /var/cache/man/uk/1053532: Permission denied
/usr/bin/mandb: can't chmod /var/cache/man/sr/CACHEDIR.TAG: Operation not permitted
/usr/bin/mandb: can't remove /var/cache/man/sr/CACHEDIR.TAG: Permission denied
/usr/bin/mandb: fopen /var/cache/man/sr/1053532: Permission denied
/usr/bin/mandb: can't chmod /var/cache/man/sl/CACHEDIR.TAG: Operation not permitted
/usr/bin/mandb: can't remove /var/cache/man/sl/CACHEDIR.TAG: Permission denied
/usr/bin/mandb: fopen /var/cache/man/sl/1053532: Permission denied
/usr/bin/mandb: can't chmod /var/cache/man/nb/CACHEDIR.TAG: Operation not permitted
/usr/bin/mandb: can't remove /var/cache/man/nb/CACHEDIR.TAG: Permission denied
/usr/bin/mandb: fopen /var/cache/man/nb/1053532: Permission denied
/usr/bin/mandb: can't chmod /var/cache/man/pt/CACHEDIR.TAG: Operation not permitted
/usr/bin/mandb: can't remove /var/cache/man/pt/CACHEDIR.TAG: Permission denied
/usr/bin/mandb: fopen /var/cache/man/pt/1053532: Permission denied
/usr/bin/mandb: can't chmod /var/cache/man/ru/CACHEDIR.TAG: Operation not permitted
/usr/bin/mandb: can't remove /var/cache/man/ru/CACHEDIR.TAG: Permission denied
/usr/bin/mandb: fopen /var/cache/man/ru/1053532: Permission denied
/usr/bin/mandb: can't chmod /var/cache/man/ko/CACHEDIR.TAG: Operation not permitted
/usr/bin/mandb: can't remove /var/cache/man/ko/CACHEDIR.TAG: Permission denied
/usr/bin/mandb: fopen /var/cache/man/ko/1053532: Permission denied
/usr/bin/mandb: can't chmod /var/cache/man/it/CACHEDIR.TAG: Operation not permitted
/usr/bin/mandb: can't remove /var/cache/man/it/CACHEDIR.TAG: Permission denied
/usr/bin/mandb: fopen /var/cache/man/it/1053532: Permission denied
/usr/bin/mandb: can't chmod /var/cache/man/fr/CACHEDIR.TAG: Operation not permitted
/usr/bin/mandb: can't remove /var/cache/man/fr/CACHEDIR.TAG: Permission denied
/usr/bin/mandb: fopen /var/cache/man/fr/1053532: Permission denied
/usr/bin/mandb: can't chmod /var/cache/man/et/CACHEDIR.TAG: Operation not permitted
/usr/bin/mandb: can't remove /var/cache/man/et/CACHEDIR.TAG: Permission denied
/usr/bin/mandb: fopen /var/cache/man/et/1053532: Permission denied
/usr/bin/mandb: can't chmod /var/cache/man/ca/CACHEDIR.TAG: Operation not permitted
/usr/bin/mandb: can't remove /var/cache/man/ca/CACHEDIR.TAG: Permission denied
/usr/bin/mandb: fopen /var/cache/man/ca/1053532: Permission denied
/usr/bin/mandb: can't chmod /var/cache/man/tr/CACHEDIR.TAG: Operation not permitted
/usr/bin/mandb: can't remove /var/cache/man/tr/CACHEDIR.TAG: Permission denied
/usr/bin/mandb: fopen /var/cache/man/tr/1053532: Permission denied
/usr/bin/mandb: can't chmod /var/cache/man/nl/CACHEDIR.TAG: Operation not permitted
/usr/bin/mandb: can't remove /var/cache/man/nl/CACHEDIR.TAG: Permission denied
/usr/bin/mandb: fopen /var/cache/man/nl/1053532: Permission denied
/usr/bin/mandb: can't chmod /var/cache/man/fr.UTF-8/CACHEDIR.TAG: Operation not permitted
/usr/bin/mandb: can't remove /var/cache/man/fr.UTF-8/CACHEDIR.TAG: Permission denied
/usr/bin/mandb: fopen /var/cache/man/fr.UTF-8/1053532: Permission denied
/usr/bin/mandb: can't chmod /var/cache/man/hu/CACHEDIR.TAG: Operation not permitted
/usr/bin/mandb: can't remove /var/cache/man/hu/CACHEDIR.TAG: Permission denied
/usr/bin/mandb: fopen /var/cache/man/hu/1053532: Permission denied
/usr/bin/mandb: can't chmod /var/cache/man/fr.ISO8859-1/CACHEDIR.TAG: Operation not permitted
/usr/bin/mandb: can't remove /var/cache/man/fr.ISO8859-1/CACHEDIR.TAG: Permission denied
/usr/bin/mandb: fopen /var/cache/man/fr.ISO8859-1/1053532: Permission denied
/usr/bin/mandb: can't chmod /var/cache/man/sv/CACHEDIR.TAG: Operation not permitted
/usr/bin/mandb: can't remove /var/cache/man/sv/CACHEDIR.TAG: Permission denied
/usr/bin/mandb: fopen /var/cache/man/sv/1053532: Permission denied
/usr/bin/mandb: can't chmod /var/cache/man/id/CACHEDIR.TAG: Operation not permitted
/usr/bin/mandb: can't remove /var/cache/man/id/CACHEDIR.TAG: Permission denied
/usr/bin/mandb: fopen /var/cache/man/id/1053532: Permission denied
/usr/bin/mandb: can't chmod /var/cache/man/el/CACHEDIR.TAG: Operation not permitted
/usr/bin/mandb: can't remove /var/cache/man/el/CACHEDIR.TAG: Permission denied
/usr/bin/mandb: fopen /var/cache/man/el/1053532: Permission denied
/usr/bin/mandb: can't chmod /var/cache/man/pt_BR/CACHEDIR.TAG: Operation not permitted
/usr/bin/mandb: can't remove /var/cache/man/pt_BR/CACHEDIR.TAG: Permission denied
/usr/bin/mandb: fopen /var/cache/man/pt_BR/1053532: Permission denied
/usr/bin/mandb: can't chmod /var/cache/man/ro/CACHEDIR.TAG: Operation not permitted
/usr/bin/mandb: can't remove /var/cache/man/ro/CACHEDIR.TAG: Permission denied
/usr/bin/mandb: fopen /var/cache/man/ro/1053532: Permission denied
/usr/bin/mandb: can't chmod /var/cache/man/zh_CN/CACHEDIR.TAG: Operation not permitted
/usr/bin/mandb: can't remove /var/cache/man/zh_CN/CACHEDIR.TAG: Permission denied
/usr/bin/mandb: fopen /var/cache/man/zh_CN/1053532: Permission denied
/usr/bin/mandb: can't chmod /var/cache/man/cs/CACHEDIR.TAG: Operation not permitted
/usr/bin/mandb: can't remove /var/cache/man/cs/CACHEDIR.TAG: Permission denied
/usr/bin/mandb: fopen /var/cache/man/cs/1053532: Permission denied
/usr/bin/mandb: can't chmod /var/cache/man/gl/CACHEDIR.TAG: Operation not permitted
/usr/bin/mandb: can't remove /var/cache/man/gl/CACHEDIR.TAG: Permission denied
/usr/bin/mandb: fopen /var/cache/man/gl/1053532: Permission denied
/usr/bin/mandb: can't chmod /var/cache/man/da/CACHEDIR.TAG: Operation not permitted
/usr/bin/mandb: can't remove /var/cache/man/da/CACHEDIR.TAG: Permission denied
/usr/bin/mandb: fopen /var/cache/man/da/1053532: Permission denied
/usr/bin/mandb: can't chmod /var/cache/man/pl/CACHEDIR.TAG: Operation not permitted
/usr/bin/mandb: can't remove /var/cache/man/pl/CACHEDIR.TAG: Permission denied
/usr/bin/mandb: fopen /var/cache/man/pl/1053532: Permission denied
/usr/bin/mandb: can't chmod /var/cache/man/ja/CACHEDIR.TAG: Operation not permitted
/usr/bin/mandb: can't remove /var/cache/man/ja/CACHEDIR.TAG: Permission denied
/usr/bin/mandb: fopen /var/cache/man/ja/1053532: Permission denied

显然我没有做足够的事情来修复我的系统。如果可能的话，我不想重新安装操作系统，但我有一个 root shell（它是我面前的一台物理笔记本电脑），所以我想知道如何修复apt，以便我可以再次安装包。我正在使用 Kubuntu 21.10。

permissions
Martin Hope
cocomac
Asked: 2021-12-20 17:05:25 +0800 CST
  • 7

我需要停止 GUI 并访问 NVIDIA 驱动程序的 TTY。我发现了这个问题。但是，当我尝试sudo service lightdm stop（或与 相同gdm）时，它说：

$ sudo service lightdm stop
Failed to stop lightdm.service: Unit lightdm.service not loaded.
$ sudo service gdm stop
Failed to stop gdm.service: Unit gdm.service not loaded.

我不想搞乱 Grub，因为我只需要停止 GUI 一次。那么，如何阻止 GUI 使用在 Kubuntu 21.10 中根本没有运行 GUI 的 TTY？

注意：我知道如何访问 TTY。但是一旦我在 TTY 中，我需要停止 GUI，因为 NVIDIA 驱动程序安装程序希望我在 TTY中并且 GUI not running。

nvidia
Martin Hope
cocomac
Asked: 2021-10-21 17:05:13 +0800 CST
  • 8

所以我有一个这样的脚本：

somecommad | grep --invert-match something

somecommand如果失败，我希望能够有条件地运行不同的命令。这是我尝试过的：

somecommand | grep --invert-match something || {
    echo 'Oops'
}

但这没有用（grep没有执行）。这样做的正确方法是什么？

command-line