AjayC's questions

我发现我的系统上安装了三个不同的 Linux 映像。

usr@ubuntu2004:~$  dpkg -l | grep "linux-image*"
ii  linux-image-5.13.0-20-generic                 5.13.0-20.20                          amd64        Signed kernel image generic
ii  linux-image-5.13.0-21-generic                 5.13.0-21.21                          amd64        Signed kernel image generic
ii  linux-image-generic                           5.13.0.21.32                          amd64        Generic Linux kernel image

我的系统规格是；

Operating System: Ubuntu 21.10
KDE Plasma Version: 5.22.5
KDE Frameworks Version: 5.86.0
Qt Version: 5.15.2
Kernel Version: 5.13.0-21-generic (64-bit)
Graphics Platform: Wayland
Processors: 4 × Intel® Core™ i5-8250U CPU @ 1.60GHz
Memory: 7.6 GiB of RAM
Graphics Processor: Mesa Intel® UHD Graphics 620

如果我理解正确，Linux-image 5.13.0.21.32 没有被使用。我想知道它在我的系统上做了什么？是必需的吗？我可以在不破坏系统的情况下删除它吗？

我一直在使用通过 apt 软件包存储库安装的 Thunderbird-78。我能够使用命令在火狱模式下运行雷鸟firejail --profile=/etc/firejail/thunderbird.profile thunderbird %u。但是我想使用 Thunderbird 91，所以我卸载了 apt 包并按照本文中的说明从 Thunderbird 网站下载了 Thunderbird91.tar.gz 包文件https://askubuntu.com/questions/1367236/update-thunderbird-78-to-91-on-ubuntu-20-04 。我提取了文件/home/ajayc/snap/thunderbird 夹中的所有文件。

现在我无法使用命令运行雷鸟firejail --profile=/etc/firejail/thunderbird.profile /home/ajayc/snap/thunderbird/thunderbird 。我在终端中运行命令时遇到的错误是这里给出的。

ajayc@ubuntu2004:~$ firejail --profile=/etc/firejail/thunderbird.profile /home/ajayc/snap/thunderbird/thunderbird
Reading profile /etc/firejail/thunderbird.profile
Reading profile /etc/firejail/disable-passwdmgr.inc
Reading profile /etc/firejail/disable-xdg.inc
Reading profile /etc/firejail/whitelist-usr-share-common.inc
Reading profile /etc/firejail/firefox-common.profile
Reading profile /etc/firejail/disable-common.inc
Reading profile /etc/firejail/disable-devel.inc
Reading profile /etc/firejail/disable-exec.inc
Reading profile /etc/firejail/disable-interpreters.inc
Reading profile /etc/firejail/disable-programs.inc
Reading profile /etc/firejail/whitelist-common.inc
Reading profile /etc/firejail/whitelist-var-common.inc
Warning: networking feature is disabled in Firejail configuration file
Seccomp list in: !chroot, check list: @default-keep, prelist: unknown,
Parent pid 31210, child pid 31211
Warning: cleaning all supplementary groups
Warning: cleaning all supplementary groups
Warning: cleaning all supplementary groups
Warning: not remounting /run/user/1000/doc
Warning: cleaning all supplementary groups
Seccomp list in: !chroot, check list: @default-keep, prelist: unknown,
Child process initialized in 117.76 ms
Error: no suitable /home/ajayc/snap/thunderbird/thunderbird executable found

Parent is shutting down, bye...

但是，firejail --noprofile /home/ajayc/snap/thunderbird/thunderbird 有效。请提出这里需要解决的问题。我的系统规格如下。

Operating System: Kubuntu 21.04
KDE Plasma Version: 5.21.4
KDE Frameworks Version: 5.80.0
Qt Version: 5.15.2
Kernel Version: 5.11.0-37-generic
OS Type: 64-bit
Graphics Platform: X11
Processors: 4 × Intel® Core™ i5-8250U CPU @ 1.60GHz
Memory: 7.7 GiB of RAM
Graphics Processor: Mesa Intel® UHD Graphics 620

我全新安装了 ubuntu 20.04。我在 /etc/logrotate.d/rsyslog 文件中设置了每日轮换，最大大小为 1M，但 /var/log/syslog 和 kern.log 文件不断增加。这是 rsyslog 和 /etc/logrotate.conf 配置。

rsyslog 文件

/var/log/syslog
{
    rotate 4
    maxsize 1M
    daily
    missingok
    notifempty
    compress
    delaycompress
#   create 640 root adm
    postrotate
        /usr/lib/rsyslog/rsyslog-rotate
#       reload rsyslog >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
    endscript
}

/var/log/mail.info
/var/log/mail.warn
/var/log/mail.err
/var/log/mail.log
/var/log/daemon.log
/var/log/kern.log
/var/log/auth.log
/var/log/user.log
/var/log/lpr.log
/var/log/cron.log
/var/log/debug
/var/log/messages
{
    rotate 4
    daily
    missingok
    notifempty
    compress
    delaycompress
    sharedscripts
    postrotate
        /usr/lib/rsyslog/rsyslog-rotate
    endscript
}

Logrotate.conf 文件

rotate log files weekly
#weekly
daily

# use the adm group by default, since this is the owning group
# of /var/log/syslog.
su root adm
# su root syslog
# size 3M
# keep 4 weeks worth of backlogs
rotate 4

# create new (empty) log files after rotating old ones
create

# use date as a suffix of the rotated file
#dateext

# uncomment this if you want your log files compressed
#compress
# compress
# packages drop log rotation information into this directory
include /etc/logrotate.d

# system-specific logs may be also be configured here.
#/var/log/syslog {
#   size 1M
#   rotate 4
#   daily
#   missingok
#   notifempty
#   delaycompress
#   compress
#   postrotate
#       invoke-rc.d rsyslog reload > /dev/null
#   endscript   
#}

任何帮助，将不胜感激。

编辑：谢谢。这是输出。

$ logrotate --debug /etc/logrotate.conf
WARNING: logrotate in debug mode does nothing except printing debug messages!  Consider using verbose mode (-v) instead if this is not what you want.

reading config file /etc/logrotate.conf
including /etc/logrotate.d
reading config file alternatives
reading config file apport
reading config file apt
reading config file bootlog
reading config file btmp
reading config file cups-daemon
reading config file dpkg
reading config file ppp
reading config file rsyslog
reading config file speech-dispatcher
reading config file ubuntu-advantage-tools
reading config file ufw
reading config file unattended-upgrades
reading config file wtmp
Reading state from file: /var/lib/logrotate/status
Allocating hash table for state file, size 64 entries
Creating new state
Creating new state
Creating new state
Creating new state
Creating new state
Creating new state
Creating new state
Creating new state
Creating new state
Creating new state
Creating new state
Creating new state
Creating new state
Creating new state
Creating new state
Creating new state
Creating new state
Creating new state
Creating new state
Creating new state
Creating new state
Creating new state
Creating new state
Creating new state
Creating new state
Creating new state
Creating new state
Creating new state
Creating new state
Creating new state
Creating new state
Creating new state
Creating new state
Creating new state

Handling 17 logs

rotating pattern: /var/log/alternatives.log  monthly (12 rotations)
empty log files are not rotated, old logs are removed
switching euid to 0 and egid to 4
error: error switching euid to 0 and egid to 4: Operation not permitted

rotating pattern: /var/log/apport.log  after 1 days (7 rotations)
empty log files are not rotated, old logs are removed
switching euid to 0 and egid to 4
error: error switching euid to 0 and egid to 4: Operation not permitted

rotating pattern: /var/log/apt/term.log  monthly (12 rotations)
empty log files are not rotated, old logs are removed
switching euid to 0 and egid to 4
error: error switching euid to 0 and egid to 4: Operation not permitted

rotating pattern: /var/log/apt/history.log  monthly (12 rotations)
empty log files are not rotated, old logs are removed
switching euid to 0 and egid to 4
error: error switching euid to 0 and egid to 4: Operation not permitted

rotating pattern: /var/log/boot.log
 after 1 days (7 rotations)
empty log files are not rotated, old logs are removed
switching euid to 0 and egid to 4
error: error switching euid to 0 and egid to 4: Operation not permitted

rotating pattern: /var/log/btmp  monthly (1 rotations)
empty log files are rotated, old logs are removed
switching euid to 0 and egid to 4
error: error switching euid to 0 and egid to 4: Operation not permitted

rotating pattern: /var/log/cups/*log  after 1 days (7 rotations)
empty log files are not rotated, old logs are removed
switching euid to 0 and egid to 4
error: error switching euid to 0 and egid to 4: Operation not permitted

rotating pattern: /var/log/dpkg.log  monthly (12 rotations)
empty log files are not rotated, old logs are removed
switching euid to 0 and egid to 4
error: error switching euid to 0 and egid to 4: Operation not permitted

rotating pattern: /var/log/ppp-connect-errors  weekly (4 rotations)
empty log files are not rotated, old logs are removed
switching euid to 0 and egid to 4
error: error switching euid to 0 and egid to 4: Operation not permitted

rotating pattern: /var/log/syslog
 weekly (4 rotations)
empty log files are not rotated, old logs are removed
switching euid to 0 and egid to 4
error: error switching euid to 0 and egid to 4: Operation not permitted

rotating pattern: /var/log/mail.info
/var/log/mail.warn
/var/log/mail.err
/var/log/mail.log
/var/log/daemon.log
/var/log/kern.log
/var/log/auth.log
/var/log/user.log
/var/log/lpr.log
/var/log/cron.log
/var/log/debug
/var/log/messages
 weekly (4 rotations)
empty log files are not rotated, old logs are removed
switching euid to 0 and egid to 4
error: error switching euid to 0 and egid to 4: Operation not permitted

rotating pattern: /var/log/speech-dispatcher/speech-dispatcher.log /var/log/speech-dispatcher/speech-dispatcher-protocol.log  after 1 days (7 rotations)
empty log files are rotated, old logs are removed
switching euid to 0 and egid to 4
error: error switching euid to 0 and egid to 4: Operation not permitted

rotating pattern: /var/log/speech-dispatcher/debug-epos-generic /var/log/speech-dispatcher/debug-festival /var/log/speech-dispatcher/debug-flite  after 1 days (2 rotations)
empty log files are rotated, old logs are removed
switching euid to 0 and egid to 4
error: error switching euid to 0 and egid to 4: Operation not permitted

rotating pattern: /var/log/ubuntu-advantage.log  monthly (6 rotations)
empty log files are not rotated, old logs are removed
switching euid to 0 and egid to 4
error: error switching euid to 0 and egid to 4: Operation not permitted

rotating pattern: /var/log/ufw.log
 weekly (4 rotations)
empty log files are not rotated, old logs are removed
switching euid to 0 and egid to 4
error: error switching euid to 0 and egid to 4: Operation not permitted

rotating pattern: /var/log/unattended-upgrades/unattended-upgrades.log 
/var/log/unattended-upgrades/unattended-upgrades-dpkg.log
/var/log/unattended-upgrades/unattended-upgrades-shutdown.log
 monthly (6 rotations)
empty log files are not rotated, old logs are removed
switching euid to 0 and egid to 4
error: error switching euid to 0 and egid to 4: Operation not permitted

rotating pattern: /var/log/wtmp  monthly (1 rotations)
empty log files are rotated, only log files >= 1048576 bytes are rotated, old logs are removed
switching euid to 0 and egid to 4
error: error switching euid to 0 and egid to 4: Operation not permitted