问题[apt](ubuntu)

为了清除 WSL2 上的文件系统，我通过以下方式卸载了 python3

 sudo rm -rf /usr/bin/python3
 sudo rm -rf /usr/lib/python3
 sudo rm -rf /usr/local/lib/python3 

反过来，我很难通过 WSL 重新安装和使用 python3.*。当尝试通过 重新安装 python3 时sudo apt-get install --reinstall python3，出现了类似以下错误。

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
  htop libnl-3-200 libnl-genl-3-200 libpython2-stdlib libpython2.7-minimal libpython2.7-stdlib python-pkg-resources python-setuptools python2 python2-minimal python2.7 python2.7-minimal
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 1 reinstalled, 0 to remove and 22 not upgraded.
40 not fully installed or removed.
Need to get 0 B/22.8 kB of archives.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
(Reading database ... 99157 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../python3_3.10.6-1~22.04.1_amd64.deb ...
/var/lib/dpkg/info/python3.prerm: 5: py3clean: not found
dpkg: warning: old python3 package pre-removal script subprocess returned error exit status 127
dpkg: trying script from the new package instead ...
/var/lib/dpkg/tmp.ci/prerm: 5: py3clean: not found
dpkg: error processing archive /var/cache/apt/archives/python3_3.10.6-1~22.04.1_amd64.deb (--unpack):
 new python3 package pre-removal script subprocess returned error exit status 127
/var/lib/dpkg/info/python3.postinst: 47: py3compile: not found
dpkg: error while cleaning up:
 installed python3 package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 127
Errors were encountered while processing:
 /var/cache/apt/archives/python3_3.10.6-1~22.04.1_amd64.deb
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

这让我陷入了几个我完全无法理解的困境。我按照类似的顺序执行了以下命令，然后才意识到我可能造成了更大的问题……

sudo apt purge python3
------
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
  apport-symptoms bc blt debhelper debugedit devhelp-common dh-autoreconf dh-strip-nondeterminism distro-info distro-info-data dwz eatmydata fdisk fonts-lyx gdisk gir1.2-atk-1.0 gir1.2-atspi-2.0 gir1.2-freedesktop gir1.2-gdkpixbuf-2.0
  gir1.2-glib-2.0 gir1.2-gtk-2.0 gir1.2-gtk-3.0 gir1.2-harfbuzz-0.0 gir1.2-packagekitglib-1.0 gir1.2-pango-1.0 htop icu-devtools intltool-debian libappstream4 libarchive-cpio-perl libarchive-zip-perl libatk1.0-doc libblkid-dev
  libboost-dev libboost1.74-dev libbrotli-dev libcairo-script-interpreter2 libdatrie-dev libdbus-1-dev libdebhelper-perl libdeflate-dev libdevhelp-3-6 libeatmydata1 libegl-dev libegl1-mesa-dev libepoxy-dev libevent-core-2.1-7 libfdisk1
  libffi-dev libfile-stripnondeterminism-perl libfontconfig-dev libfontconfig1-dev libfreetype-dev libfreetype6-dev libfribidi-dev libgail-common libgail18 libgl-dev libgles-dev libgles1 libglib2.0-bin libglib2.0-doc libglvnd-core-dev
  libglvnd-dev libglx-dev libgraphite2-dev libgtk-3-doc libgtk2.0-0 libgtk2.0-bin libgtk2.0-common libharfbuzz-gobject0 libice-dev libicu-dev libimagequant0 libjbig-dev libjpeg-dev libjpeg-turbo8-dev libjpeg8-dev libjs-jquery
  libjs-jquery-ui libjs-sphinxdoc libjs-underscore liblbfgsb0 liblzma-dev libmail-sendmail-perl libmount-dev libncurses-dev libnetplan0 libnl-3-200 libnl-genl-3-200 libopengl-dev libopengl0 libopenjp2-7 libpackagekit-glib2-18
  libpango1.0-doc libpangoxft-1.0-0 libpcre16-3 libpcre2-16-0 libpcre2-32-0 libpcre2-dev libpcre2-posix3 libpcre3-dev libpcre32-3 libpcrecpp0v5 libpfm4 libpixman-1-dev libpng-dev libpng-tools libpython2-stdlib libpython2.7-minimal
  libpython2.7-stdlib libpython3-stdlib libqhull-r8.0 libraqm0 libselinux1-dev libsepol-dev libsm-dev libstemmer0d libsub-override-perl libsys-hostname-long-perl libtcl8.6 libthai-dev libtiff-dev libtiffxx5 libtinfo-dev libtk8.6
  libutempter0 libwayland-bin libwayland-dev libxcb-render0-dev libxcb-shm0-dev libxcomposite-dev libxcursor-dev libxdamage-dev libxfixes-dev libxft-dev libxi-dev libxinerama-dev libxkbcommon-dev libxml2-dev libxml2-utils libxmlb2
  libxrandr-dev libxrender-dev libxsimd-dev libxtst-dev libyaml-0-2 libz3-4 libz3-dev llvm-14 llvm-14-runtime packagekit packagekit-tools pango1.0-tools po-debconf python-apt-common python-babel-localedata python-matplotlib-data
  python-pkg-resources python-setuptools python2 python2-minimal python2.7 python2.7-minimal python3-minimal python3-pip-whl python3-setuptools-whl python3.10 python3.10-dev python3.10-minimal run-one screen tk8.6-blt2.5 tmux
  unicode-data uuid-dev wayland-protocols
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
The following packages will be REMOVED:
  apport* byobu* cloud-guest-utils* cloud-init* command-not-found* devhelp* landscape-client* landscape-common* libatk-bridge2.0-dev* libatk1.0-dev* libatspi2.0-dev* libcairo2-dev* libgdk-pixbuf-2.0-dev* libglib2.0-dev*
  libglib2.0-dev-bin* libgtk-3-dev* libgtk2.0-dev* libharfbuzz-dev* libpango1.0-dev* llvm-14-dev* llvm-14-tools* lsb-release* netplan.io* networkd-dispatcher* pastebinit* plymouth-theme-ubuntu-text* python3* python3-appdirs*
  python3-apport* python3-apt* python3-attr* python3-automat* python3-babel* python3-backcall* python3-bcrypt* python3-beniget* python3-blinker* python3-brotli* python3-bs4* python3-certifi* python3-cffi-backend* python3-chardet*
  python3-click* python3-colorama* python3-commandnotfound* python3-configobj* python3-constantly* python3-cryptography* python3-cycler* python3-dateutil* python3-dbus* python3-debconf* python3-decorator* python3-dev* python3-distro*
  python3-distro-info* python3-distupgrade* python3-distutils* python3-fonttools* python3-fs* python3-gast* python3-gdbm* python3-gi* python3-hamcrest* python3-html5lib* python3-httplib2* python3-hyperlink* python3-idna*
  python3-importlib-metadata* python3-incremental* python3-ipython* python3-jedi* python3-jeepney* python3-jinja2* python3-json-pointer* python3-jsonpatch* python3-jsonschema* python3-jwt* python3-keyring* python3-kiwisolver*
  python3-launchpadlib* python3-lazr.restfulclient* python3-lazr.uri* python3-lib2to3* python3-lxml* python3-lz4* python3-markupsafe* python3-matplotlib* python3-matplotlib-inline* python3-more-itertools* python3-mpmath*
  python3-netifaces* python3-newt* python3-numpy* python3-oauthlib* python3-olefile* python3-openssl* python3-packaging* python3-parso* python3-pexpect* python3-pickleshare* python3-pil* python3-pil.imagetk* python3-pip*
  python3-pkg-resources* python3-ply* python3-problem-report* python3-prompt-toolkit* python3-ptyprocess* python3-pyasn1* python3-pyasn1-modules* python3-pycurl* python3-pygments* python3-pyparsing* python3-pyrsistent* python3-pythran*
  python3-requests* python3-scipy* python3-secretstorage* python3-serial* python3-service-identity* python3-setuptools* python3-six* python3-software-properties* python3-soupsieve* python3-sympy* python3-systemd* python3-tk*
  python3-traitlets* python3-twisted* python3-tz* python3-ufolib2* python3-unicodedata2* python3-update-manager* python3-urllib3* python3-venv* python3-wadllib* python3-wcwidth* python3-webencodings* python3-wheel* python3-yaml*
  python3-zipp* python3-zope.interface* python3.10-venv* python3.11-venv* software-properties-common* ubuntu-advantage-tools* ubuntu-minimal* ubuntu-pro-client* ubuntu-pro-client-l10n* ubuntu-release-upgrader-core* ubuntu-wsl* ufw*
  unattended-upgrades* update-manager-core*
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 155 to remove and 21 not upgraded.
40 not fully installed or removed.
After this operation, 548 MB disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
(Reading database ... 99157 files and directories currently installed.)
Removing cloud-init (24.4.1-0ubuntu0~22.04.1) ...
/var/lib/dpkg/info/cloud-init.prerm: 21: py3clean: not found
dpkg: error processing package cloud-init (--remove):
 installed cloud-init package pre-removal script subprocess returned error exit status 127
dpkg: too many errors, stopping
/var/lib/dpkg/info/cloud-init.postinst: 423: py3compile: not found
dpkg: error while cleaning up:
 installed cloud-init package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 127
Errors were encountered while processing:
 cloud-init
Processing was halted because there were too many errors.
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

我试图理解这个问题的时间比我愿意承认的要长得多。关于这个问题的帖子也有很多，然而，这些讨论并不足以帮助我理解。

1. 尝试卸载 python3
2. 尝试查看类似的问题
3. 类似的话题

编辑：有人问我我的 Ubuntu 版本。我很想知道还有什么其他方法可以找到它，但是使用时lsb_release -a出现了以下错误。

-bash: /usr/bin/lsb_release: /usr/bin/python3: bad interpreter: No such file or directory

几天前我运行了sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade。从那时起，Google Chrome 就隐藏了选定的文本，而且我无法从 Chrome PDF 阅读器下载 PDF 文件。我已经卸载了 Chrome，完全删除了目录/home/dan/.config/google-chrome/，然后重新安装了，但问题仍然存在。

我能做些什么？

如何阻止 apt 下载所有架构的二进制文件，但仍然下载所有架构可用的软件包？我们知道如何将其限制为一种架构，但如何阻止所有二进制文件？

例如，我宁愿不相信微软的这些奇怪的软件包：

$ cat /etc/apt/sources.list.d/microsoft-prod.list
deb [arch=amd64,arm64,armhf signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/microsoft-prod.gpg] https://packages.microsoft.com/ubuntu/24.10/prod oracular main
$ grep '^Package' /var/lib/apt/lists/packages.microsoft.com_ubuntu_24.10_prod_dists_oracular_main_binary-amd64_Packages
Package: mssql-tools18
Package: msodbcsql18

我尝试过，arch=none但结果是：

Notice: Skipping acquire of configured file 'main/binary-none/Packages' as repository 'https://packages.microsoft.com/ubuntu/24.10/prod oracular InRelease' doesn't support architecture 'none'

清空arch=更糟糕，因为 apt 完全停止工作：

Error: Malformed entry 1 in list file /etc/apt/sources.list.d/microsoft-prod.list ([option] no value)
Error: The list of sources could not be read.

为了与其他应用程序一起使用，我仍然希望安装packages-microsoft-prod。/usr/share/doc/packages-microsoft-prod/microsoft-prod.gpg当然，是否可以设置一个过滤器来仅允许这个唯一的包？

$ grep-aptavail -P packages-microsoft-prod -s Package,Architecture
Package: packages-microsoft-prod
Architecture: all

问题：要安装软件包 A，我必须从源代码构建并安装一些依赖项 B、C 和 D，因为 apt 无法从存储库安装它们。Apt 无法知道我从源代码安装了这些依赖项，因此我使用 dpkg 强制安装，因为我知道依赖项实际上已经安装。现在，当我使用 apt 安装任何其他软件包 E 时，它仍然会出现警告，提示软件包 A 有未满足的依赖项 B、C 和 D。我该如何告诉 apt，查看依赖项 B、C 和 D 是否确实安装在我的系统上，或者停止显示警告？

背景：我在 Raspberry Pi 5 上使用 Ubuntu 24.04LTS。我一直在尝试让 Hailo AI HAT+ 和 Raspberry Pi Camera Module 3 协同工作，就像它们在 Raspberry Pi OS 上一样。这段旅程让我陷入了从源代码构建 Hailort-pcie-drivers、hailort、hailo tappas、Raspberry Pi 的 libcamera 分支和 Raspberry Pi 的 rpicam-apps 的困境。我现在已经让 AI hat 的 rpicam-apps 演示运行起来了，但这样做之后，apt 认为 rpicam-apps-hailo-postprocess 包仍然有未满足的 hailort、libcamera0.4 和 rpicam-apps 依赖项，这些依赖项“无法安装”，并且每次我使用 apt 安装另一个包时仍会显示此警告。

什么是 PDiff 文件以及它们可以做什么？

它们很重要吗？我能做些什么不下载它们吗？

我一直在使用 wine，但效果不太好所以我将其删除了。

之后 Wine 的 7-zip 仍然存在于gnome-menus（应用程序菜单）我该如何解决这个问题

我已从存储库中删除wine安装。我已从自己的存储库中main删除winehq-stablewinehq

如果我输入sudo apt-get remove --purge wine winehq-stable 它说：

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
Package 'wine' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'winehq-stable' is not installed, so not removed
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.

我该如何修复它？

我遇到了 apt 返回的错误，经过许多故障排除步骤后，我找不到原因或解决方案。以下是apt update输出：

$ sudo apt update
Hit:1 https://nvidia.github.io/libnvidia-container/stable/deb/amd64  InRelease
Hit:2 https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu jammy InRelease
Hit:3 https://debian.neo4j.com stable InRelease
Hit:4 http://repository.netdata.cloud/repos/stable/ubuntu jammy/ InRelease
Hit:5 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security InRelease
Hit:6 http://ca.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy InRelease
Get:7 https://esm.ubuntu.com/apps/ubuntu jammy-apps-security InRelease [7,568 B]
Hit:8 http://ca.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates InRelease
Hit:9 http://repository.netdata.cloud/repos/repoconfig/ubuntu jammy/ InRelease
Get:10 https://esm.ubuntu.com/apps/ubuntu jammy-apps-updates InRelease [7,456 B]
Hit:11 http://ca.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-backports InRelease
Get:12 https://esm.ubuntu.com/infra/ubuntu jammy-infra-security InRelease [7,450 B]
Get:13 https://esm.ubuntu.com/infra/ubuntu jammy-infra-updates InRelease [7,449 B]
Hit:14 https://ppa.launchpadcontent.net/linrunner/tlp/ubuntu jammy InRelease
Fetched 29.9 kB in 1s (20.1 kB/s)
Reading package lists... Done
E: No priority (or zero) specified for pin

该错误表明缺少引脚优先级。我查看了/etc/apt/preferences.d/。有 3 个文件，并且所有文件都已分配引脚优先级：

$ ll /etc/apt/preferences.d/
total 12K
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  65 Mar  5 06:20 80netdata
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 437 Feb 14  2024 ubuntu-pro-esm-apps
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 429 Feb 14  2024 ubuntu-pro-esm-infra

$ cat /etc/apt/preferences.d/*
Package: *
Pin: origin "repository.netdata.cloud"
Priority: 1000
# This file is used by Ubuntu Pro and supplied by the ubuntu-pro-client
# package. It has no effect if Ubuntu Pro services are not in use since no
# other apt repositories are expected to match o=UbuntuESMApps.
#
# Pin esm-apps packages to a slightly higher value than the default,
# so those are preferred over a non-ESM package from the archive when the
# service is enabled.

Package: *
Pin: release o=UbuntuESMApps
Pin-Priority: 510
# This file is used by Ubuntu Pro and supplied by the ubuntu-pro-client
# package. It has no effect if Ubuntu Pro services are not in use since no
# other apt repositories are expected to match o=UbuntuESM.
#
# Pin esm-infra packages to a slightly higher value than the default,
# so those are preferred over a non-ESM package from the archive when the
# service is enabled.
Package: *
Pin: release o=UbuntuESM
Pin-Priority: 510

至少 3 个月以来，apt 设置方面没有任何变化，最近唯一值得注意的是我apt update & apt upgrade前一天所做的事情。

我完全不知所措。如果有任何解决方案，我将不胜感激。

我已经gallery-dl从 apt 安装了，版本是 1.26。我想要一个更新的版本，所以我从 snap 安装。Snap 通知我，我安装的是 1.28 版本。

但是，当我导航到/snap/gallery-dl/current/bin并运行时./gallery-dl --version，它仍然报告 1.26 - 与我使用 apt 获得的版本完全相同。当我导航到/snap/bin，使用该文件夹中的二进制文件运行时，我得到了正确的 1.28。

那么哪个路径是 snap 二进制的正确路径？/snap/bin或者/snap/PACKAGE_NAME/current/bin？

据我所知，我应该能够at按照如下命令安装：

sudo apt update
sudo apt install at

但是，我得到了以下信息：

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
Package at is not available, but is referred to by another package.
This may mean that the package is missing, has been obsoleted, or
is only available from another source

我在使用 Ubuntu 24.04 LTS。

我的资料来源清单：

deb [ arch=amd64,arm64 signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/mongodb-server-7.0.gpg ] https://repo.mongodb.org/apt/ubuntu jammy/mongodb-org/7.0 multiverse

% apt-cache policy at          
at:
  Installed: (none)
  Candidate: (none)
  Version table:

任何帮助都将不胜感激！

我意识到了安全隐患，也理解了为什么 apt-key 被弃用。但就我的使用情况而言，我并不关心。

我想要运行：

$ apt-key adv --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 --recv-keys CC116F55AA7F2382

没有任何警告。但我看到：

apt-key adv --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 --recv-keys CC116F55AA7F2382 
Warning: apt-key is deprecated. Manage keyring files in trusted.gpg.d instead (see apt-key(8)).
Executing: /tmp/apt-key-gpghome.KVaQ390iTM/gpg.1.sh --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 --recv-keys CC116F55AA7F2382 /dev/null
gpg: "/dev/null" not a key ID: skipping
gpg: key CC116F55AA7F2382: "Icinga GmbH (Build server) <[email protected]>" not changed
gpg: Total number processed: 1
gpg:              unchanged: 1

如何强制不输出 stdout 和警告？我只想看到实际发生的错误的输出。（我知道该脚本在已经知道密钥的系统上运行，因为我之前已经运行过它。）

我试过：

• apt-key adv --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 --recv-keys CC116F55AA7F2382 > /dev/null
• apt-key adv --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 --recv-keys CC116F55AA7F2382 2>&1 > /dev/null
• apt-key adv --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 --recv-keys CC116F55AA7F2382 2>&1 /dev/null