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Accepted
maria
Asked: 2011-02-27 16:04:04 +0800 CST

如何完全删除一个包？

  • 772

我对 Linux 很陌生，但在使用它之前，我听说 Windows 程序在卸载后会在硬盘上留下很多残留物，而 Linux 会删除所有内容。

我正在使用 Ubuntu 10.04。要卸载我正在使用的软件包sudo apt-get autoremove application_name或sudo aptitude purge application_name. 最近我安装了 texlive-full，由于某些原因我不得不快速卸载它。在我进入终端updatedb之后locate *texlive*，输出很长：

maria@marysia-ubuntu:~$ locate *texlive*
/etc/texmf/fmt.d/10texlive-base.cnf
/etc/texmf/fmt.d/10texlive-formats-extra.cnf
/etc/texmf/fmt.d/10texlive-lang-cyrillic.cnf
/etc/texmf/fmt.d/10texlive-lang-czechslovak.cnf
/etc/texmf/fmt.d/10texlive-lang-polish.cnf
/etc/texmf/fmt.d/10texlive-latex-base.cnf
/etc/texmf/fmt.d/10texlive-math-extra.cnf
/etc/texmf/fmt.d/10texlive-metapost.cnf
/etc/texmf/fmt.d/10texlive-omega.cnf
/etc/texmf/fmt.d/10texlive-xetex.cnf
/etc/texmf/hyphen.d/09texlive-base.cnf
/etc/texmf/hyphen.d/10texlive-lang-arabic.cnf
/etc/texmf/hyphen.d/10texlive-lang-croatian.cnf
/etc/texmf/hyphen.d/10texlive-lang-cyrillic.cnf
/etc/texmf/hyphen.d/10texlive-lang-czechslovak.cnf
/etc/texmf/hyphen.d/10texlive-lang-danish.cnf
/etc/texmf/hyphen.d/10texlive-lang-dutch.cnf
/etc/texmf/hyphen.d/10texlive-lang-finnish.cnf
/etc/texmf/hyphen.d/10texlive-lang-french.cnf
/etc/texmf/hyphen.d/10texlive-lang-german.cnf
/etc/texmf/hyphen.d/10texlive-lang-greek.cnf
/etc/texmf/hyphen.d/10texlive-lang-hungarian.cnf
/etc/texmf/hyphen.d/10texlive-lang-indic.cnf
/etc/texmf/hyphen.d/10texlive-lang-italian.cnf
/etc/texmf/hyphen.d/10texlive-lang-latin.cnf
/etc/texmf/hyphen.d/10texlive-lang-latvian.cnf
/etc/texmf/hyphen.d/10texlive-lang-lithuanian.cnf
/etc/texmf/hyphen.d/10texlive-lang-mongolian.cnf
/etc/texmf/hyphen.d/10texlive-lang-norwegian.cnf
/etc/texmf/hyphen.d/10texlive-lang-other.cnf
/etc/texmf/hyphen.d/10texlive-lang-polish.cnf
/etc/texmf/hyphen.d/10texlive-lang-portuguese.cnf
/etc/texmf/hyphen.d/10texlive-lang-spanish.cnf
/etc/texmf/hyphen.d/10texlive-lang-swedish.cnf
/etc/texmf/hyphen.d/10texlive-lang-ukenglish.cnf
/etc/texmf/updmap.d/10texlive-base.cfg
/etc/texmf/updmap.d/10texlive-fonts-extra.cfg
/etc/texmf/updmap.d/10texlive-fonts-recommended.cfg
/etc/texmf/updmap.d/10texlive-games.cfg
/etc/texmf/updmap.d/10texlive-lang-african.cfg
/etc/texmf/updmap.d/10texlive-lang-arabic.cfg
/etc/texmf/updmap.d/10texlive-lang-cyrillic.cfg
/etc/texmf/updmap.d/10texlive-lang-czechslovak.cfg
/etc/texmf/updmap.d/10texlive-lang-french.cfg
/etc/texmf/updmap.d/10texlive-lang-greek.cfg
/etc/texmf/updmap.d/10texlive-lang-hebrew.cfg
/etc/texmf/updmap.d/10texlive-lang-indic.cfg
/etc/texmf/updmap.d/10texlive-lang-lithuanian.cfg
/etc/texmf/updmap.d/10texlive-lang-mongolian.cfg
/etc/texmf/updmap.d/10texlive-lang-polish.cfg
/etc/texmf/updmap.d/10texlive-lang-vietnamese.cfg
/etc/texmf/updmap.d/10texlive-latex-base.cfg
/etc/texmf/updmap.d/10texlive-latex-extra.cfg
/etc/texmf/updmap.d/10texlive-math-extra.cfg
/etc/texmf/updmap.d/10texlive-omega.cfg
/etc/texmf/updmap.d/10texlive-pictures.cfg
/etc/texmf/updmap.d/10texlive-science.cfg
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-base_2009-7_all.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-bibtex-extra_2009-7ubuntu3_all.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-binaries_2009-5ubuntu0.2_i386.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-common_2009-7_all.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-doc-base_2009-2_all.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-doc-bg_2009-2_all.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-doc-cs+sk_2009-2_all.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-doc-de_2009-2_all.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-doc-en_2009-2_all.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-doc-es_2009-2_all.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-doc-fi_2009-2_all.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-doc-fr_2009-2_all.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-doc-it_2009-2_all.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-doc-ja_2009-2_all.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-doc-ko_2009-2_all.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-doc-mn_2009-2_all.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-doc-nl_2009-2_all.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-doc-pl_2009-2_all.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-doc-pt_2009-2_all.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-doc-ru_2009-2_all.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-doc-si_2009-2_all.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-doc-th_2009-2_all.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-doc-tr_2009-2_all.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-doc-uk_2009-2_all.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-doc-vi_2009-2_all.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-doc-zh_2009-2_all.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-extra-utils_2009-7ubuntu3_all.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-font-utils_2009-7ubuntu3_all.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-fonts-extra-doc_2009-7ubuntu3_all.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-fonts-extra_2009-7ubuntu3_all.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-fonts-recommended-doc_2009-7_all.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-fonts-recommended_2009-7_all.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-formats-extra_2009-7ubuntu3_all.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-full_2009-7_all.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-games_2009-7ubuntu3_all.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-generic-extra_2009-7ubuntu3_all.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-generic-recommended_2009-7_all.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-humanities-doc_2009-7ubuntu3_all.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-humanities_2009-7ubuntu3_all.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-lang-african_2009-3_all.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-lang-arabic_2009-3_all.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-lang-armenian_2009-3_all.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-lang-croatian_2009-3_all.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-lang-cyrillic_2009-3_all.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-lang-czechslovak_2009-3_all.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-lang-danish_2009-3_all.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-lang-dutch_2009-3_all.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-lang-finnish_2009-3_all.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-lang-french_2009-3_all.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-lang-german_2009-3_all.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-lang-greek_2009-3_all.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-lang-hebrew_2009-3_all.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-lang-hungarian_2009-3_all.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-lang-indic_2009-3_all.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-lang-italian_2009-3_all.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-lang-latin_2009-3_all.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-lang-latvian_2009-3_all.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-lang-lithuanian_2009-3_all.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-lang-mongolian_2009-3_all.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-lang-norwegian_2009-3_all.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-lang-other_2009-3_all.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-lang-polish_2009-3_all.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-lang-portuguese_2009-3_all.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-lang-spanish_2009-3_all.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-lang-swedish_2009-3_all.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-lang-tibetan_2009-3_all.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-lang-ukenglish_2009-3_all.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-lang-vietnamese_2009-3_all.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-latex-base-doc_2009-7_all.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-latex-base_2009-7_all.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-latex-extra-doc_2009-7ubuntu3_all.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-latex-extra_2009-7ubuntu3_all.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-latex-recommended-doc_2009-7_all.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-latex-recommended_2009-7_all.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-latex3_2009-7ubuntu3_all.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-luatex_2009-7_all.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-math-extra_2009-7ubuntu3_all.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-metapost-doc_2009-7_all.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-metapost_2009-7_all.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-music_2009-7ubuntu3_all.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-omega_2009-7_all.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-pictures-doc_2009-7_all.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-pictures_2009-7_all.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-plain-extra_2009-7ubuntu3_all.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-pstricks-doc_2009-7ubuntu3_all.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-pstricks_2009-7ubuntu3_all.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-publishers-doc_2009-7ubuntu3_all.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-publishers_2009-7ubuntu3_all.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-science-doc_2009-7ubuntu3_all.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-science_2009-7ubuntu3_all.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive-xetex_2009-7_all.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/texlive_2009-7_all.deb
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-base.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-base.postrm
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-bibtex-extra.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-bibtex-extra.postrm
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-doc-base.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-doc-base.postrm
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-doc-bg.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-doc-bg.postrm
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-doc-cs+sk.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-doc-cs+sk.postrm
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-doc-de.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-doc-de.postrm
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-doc-en.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-doc-en.postrm
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-doc-es.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-doc-es.postrm
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-doc-fi.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-doc-fi.postrm
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-doc-fr.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-doc-fr.postrm
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-doc-it.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-doc-it.postrm
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-doc-ja.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-doc-ja.postrm
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-doc-ko.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-doc-ko.postrm
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-doc-mn.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-doc-mn.postrm
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-doc-nl.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-doc-nl.postrm
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-doc-pl.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-doc-pl.postrm
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-doc-pt.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-doc-pt.postrm
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-doc-ru.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-doc-ru.postrm
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-doc-si.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-doc-si.postrm
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-doc-th.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-doc-th.postrm
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-doc-tr.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-doc-tr.postrm
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-doc-uk.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-doc-uk.postrm
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-doc-vi.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-doc-vi.postrm
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-doc-zh.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-doc-zh.postrm
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-extra-utils.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-extra-utils.postrm
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-font-utils.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-font-utils.postrm
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-fonts-extra-doc.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-fonts-extra-doc.postrm
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-fonts-extra.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-fonts-extra.postrm
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-fonts-recommended-doc.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-fonts-recommended-doc.postrm
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-fonts-recommended.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-fonts-recommended.postrm
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-formats-extra.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-formats-extra.postrm
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-games.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-games.postrm
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-generic-extra.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-generic-extra.postrm
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-generic-recommended.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-generic-recommended.postrm
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-humanities-doc.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-humanities-doc.postrm
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-humanities.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-humanities.postrm
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-lang-african.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-lang-african.postrm
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-lang-arabic.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-lang-arabic.postrm
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-lang-armenian.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-lang-armenian.postrm
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-lang-croatian.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-lang-croatian.postrm
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-lang-cyrillic.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-lang-cyrillic.postrm
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-lang-czechslovak.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-lang-czechslovak.postrm
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-lang-danish.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-lang-danish.postrm
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-lang-dutch.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-lang-dutch.postrm
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-lang-finnish.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-lang-finnish.postrm
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-lang-french.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-lang-french.postrm
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-lang-german.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-lang-german.postrm
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-lang-greek.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-lang-greek.postrm
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-lang-hebrew.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-lang-hebrew.postrm
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-lang-hungarian.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-lang-hungarian.postrm
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-lang-indic.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-lang-indic.postrm
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-lang-italian.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-lang-italian.postrm
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-lang-latin.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-lang-latin.postrm
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-lang-latvian.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-lang-latvian.postrm
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-lang-lithuanian.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-lang-lithuanian.postrm
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-lang-mongolian.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-lang-mongolian.postrm
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-lang-norwegian.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-lang-norwegian.postrm
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-lang-other.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-lang-other.postrm
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-lang-polish.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-lang-polish.postrm
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-lang-portuguese.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-lang-portuguese.postrm
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-lang-spanish.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-lang-spanish.postrm
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-lang-swedish.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-lang-swedish.postrm
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-lang-tibetan.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-lang-tibetan.postrm
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-lang-ukenglish.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-lang-ukenglish.postrm
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-lang-vietnamese.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-lang-vietnamese.postrm
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-latex-base-doc.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-latex-base-doc.postrm
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-latex-base.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-latex-base.postrm
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-latex-extra-doc.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-latex-extra-doc.postrm
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-latex-extra.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-latex-extra.postrm
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-latex-recommended-doc.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-latex-recommended-doc.postrm
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-latex-recommended.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-latex-recommended.postrm
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-latex3.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-latex3.postrm
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-luatex.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-luatex.postrm
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-math-extra.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-math-extra.postrm
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-metapost-doc.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-metapost-doc.postrm
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-metapost.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-metapost.postrm
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-music.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-music.postrm
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-omega.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-omega.postrm
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-pictures-doc.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-pictures-doc.postrm
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-pictures.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-pictures.postrm
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-plain-extra.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-plain-extra.postrm
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-pstricks-doc.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-pstricks-doc.postrm
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-pstricks.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-pstricks.postrm
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-publishers-doc.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-publishers-doc.postrm
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-publishers.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-publishers.postrm
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-science-doc.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-science-doc.postrm
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-science.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-science.postrm
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-xetex.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/texlive-xetex.postrm
maria@marysia-ubuntu:~$

我用过sudo apt-get autoclean，没有任何变化。我已经安装了deborphan，但它什么也没显示（也许我用错了方法：刚刚输入了 command deborphan）。我是在做错什么，还是有人告诉我一些不真实的事情？

我想知道两件事：如何删除软件包（如果我以错误的方式进行操作）以及如何从我迄今为止卸载的所有软件包的剩余部分中清理硬盘（即使我不记得它是什么）正是）。我安装了 Ubuntu Tweak，但我不知道如何使用它，我想我更喜欢终端命令。

谢谢

apt

2 个回答

  1. Best Answer

    apt-get autoclean只会从包存档中删除旧版本，但不会更改已安装包的任何内容。

    要删除包，请使用sudo apt-get purge package. 这应该卸载任何依赖项，但不会完全删除它们。我使用命令aptitude purge ~c来 `.clean 所有已卸载的软件包。

    即使是被清除的包也可能会留下数据文件和备份文件。备份应该是 in 下的目录/var/backup。数据文件可能位于/var/lib. 我会在删除之前备份数据文件，以防其他应用程序使用它们。您可能需要 grep 中的数据文件目录/var/lib/dpkg/info。如果有任何文件使用该目录，则保留它。例如，要查找安装使用/var/lib/ldap的软件包，我运行搜索grep -l /var/lib/ldap /var/lib/info/dpkg/*。如果您有很多折扣包，您可能需要使用find /var/lib/dpkg/info | xargs grep -l /var/lib/ldap.

    编辑：您可以列出所有可以使用命令标记为自动安装的程序aptitude search '~i!~M?for x: ~D( ~i!~M )'。通过管道将其传递给命令 'cut -d\ -f4 | sudo aptitude markauto` 将这些软件包标记为自动安装。

    然后我使用命令aptitude search '~i!~M'（已安装，未自动安装）列出所有第一次安装的软件包。警告：删除软件包时，您可以卸载要保留的软件包。首先模拟删除，并在运行真正的删除之前取消标记您要保留的任何包。

    EDIT2：以上说明包括其他包建议的包作为第一级包。要列出这些，请使用命令aptitude search '~i!~M?for x: ~Rsuggests:( ~i!~M )'。如果需要，可以使用与其他依赖项相同的管道来标记这些。但是，您必须将建议的包配置为自动安装，否则所有建议的包及其依赖项将被自动卸载。这是通过将行添加APT::Install-Suggests "true";到/etc/apt/apt.conf或中的文件来完成的/etc/apt/apt.conf.d。

    依赖关系可能会导致对第一级包的意外选择。如果两者均未wordpress标记wordpress-l10n，则wordpress-l10n视为第一级安装。通常wordpress-l10n会被标记为自动安装，所以这不会是一个问题。这样你可能会得到很多麻烦。

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  2. 您可以使用 synaptic 来完成@BillThor 列出的大部分内容。

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