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Thystra
Asked: 2024-09-02 02:36:38 +0800 CST

APT依赖问题

  • 772

我正在尝试安装依赖项来编译 Strongswan，因为主要软件包似乎已损坏。

当我尝试安装 libsoup 包时，出现以下错误：

~/strongswan-5.9.14# apt install -f libsoup2.4-dev
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 libbrotli-dev : Depends: libbrotli1 (= 1.1.0-2build2) but 1.1.0-2+ubuntu22.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 is to be installed

这是在服务器安装上，最近升级到 24.04.1 LTS。

更新：包裹信息

# apt policy libbrotli1
libbrotli1:
  Installed: 1.1.0-2+ubuntu22.04.1+deb.sury.org+1
  Candidate: 1.1.0-2+ubuntu22.04.1+deb.sury.org+1
  Version table:
 *** 1.1.0-2+ubuntu22.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 100
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
     1.1.0-2build2 500
        500 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 Packages


# apt-get remove libbrotli1
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 shim-signed : Depends: grub-efi-amd64-signed (>= 1.191~) but it is not going to be installed or
                        grub-efi-arm64-signed (>= 1.191~) but it is not installable or
                        base-files (< 12.3) but 13ubuntu10.1 is to be installed
               Depends: grub-efi-amd64-signed (>= 1.187.2~) but it is not going to be installed or
                        grub-efi-arm64-signed (>= 1.187.2~) but it is not installable
               Depends: grub2-common (>= 2.04-1ubuntu24) but it is not going to be installed
E: Error, pkgProblemResolver::Resolve generated breaks, this may be caused by held packages.

我看到安装的软件包来自 ppa，并且 repos 中有一个软件包。在不破坏所有内容的情况下，删除并重新安装 repo 软件包的最佳/安全方法是什么？

apt

1 个回答

  1. Best Answer

    为了解决这个问题，我改变了 repo 的 pin 优先级：

    在 /etc/apt/preferences.d 中我创建了一个文件 lib.pref

    Package: *
Pin: origin archive.ubuntu.com
Pin-Priority: 1001

    运行后 apt update， apt policy libbrotli1现在显示：

    apt policy libbrotli1
libbrotli1:
  Installed: 1.1.0-2+ubuntu22.04.1+deb.sury.org+1
  Candidate: 1.1.0-2build2
  Version table:
 *** 1.1.0-2+ubuntu22.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 100
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
     1.1.0-2build2 1001
       1001 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 Packages

    然后我就可以重新安装该软件包。

     apt reinstall libbrotli1
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
The following packages will be DOWNGRADED:
  libbrotli1
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 1 downgraded, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 331 kB of archives.
After this operation, 3072 B of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 libbrotli1 amd64 1.1.0-2build2 [331 kB]
Fetched 331 kB in 0s (679 kB/s)    
dpkg: warning: downgrading libbrotli1:amd64 from 1.1.0-2+ubuntu22.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 to 1.1.0-2build2
(Reading database ... 119664 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../libbrotli1_1.1.0-2build2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libbrotli1:amd64 (1.1.0-2build2) over (1.1.0-2+ubuntu22.04.1+deb.sury.org+1) ...
Setting up libbrotli1:amd64 (1.1.0-2build2) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.39-0ubuntu8.3) ...
Scanning processes...                                                                                                                                    
Scanning candidates...                                                                                                                                   
Scanning linux images...                                                                                                                                 

Running kernel seems to be up-to-date.

Restarting services...
 systemctl restart clamav-freshclam.service packagekit.service php8.3-fpm.service sogo.service

No containers need to be restarted.

No user sessions are running outdated binaries.

No VM guests are running outdated hypervisor (qemu) binaries on this host.

    然后我就可以毫无问题地安装依赖项。

    我注释掉了 lib.pref 中的条目，以免搞乱将来的事情，但如果有另一个包需要从 22.04 ppa 升级，它就在那里。

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