似乎最近的 Windows 更新使得具有双启动功能的系统无法启动 grub，并显示以下消息：Verifying shim SBAT data failed: Security Policy Violation。
有人知道我该怎么做才能解决这个问题吗？
我看过一些关于这个主题的其他帖子。只有一两个与我的情况非常接近，但没有明确的解决方案。我想具体描述一下我的情况，因为我有一些其他帖子中没有的细节。
我正在运行 Ubuntu 22.04.3 LTS。我有一个普通的 SATA HDD 作为我的“系统”驱动器，它有 3 个分区：
/boot- 这是我指定的启动分区/- 这是我的系统驱动器，还有其他所有东西swap
我刚刚将 SATA 硬盘克隆到 SATA 硬盘，保持所有分区相同。但 UUID 现在不同了（我更改了它们，因为我希望能够在某个时刻安装两个驱动器）。我/etc/fstab使用新的 UUID 进行了更新，并通过一些研究将/etc/initramfs-tools/conf.d/resume文件更改为不引用旧的交换 UUID。
更换新 SSD 后，它可以正常启动，但在启动过程的早期有 20-30 秒的安静暂停（没有磁盘活动）。以下是它发生的地方的摘录：
[ 2.498174] scsi 6:0:0:0: Direct-Access TEAC USB HS-CF Card 4.08 PQ: 0 ANSI: 0
[ 2.501897] scsi 6:0:0:1: Direct-Access TEAC USB HS-xD/SM 4.08 PQ: 0 ANSI: 0
[ 2.505707] scsi 6:0:0:2: Direct-Access TEAC USB HS-MS Card 4.08 PQ: 0 ANSI: 0
[ 2.509122] scsi 6:0:0:3: Direct-Access TEAC USB HS-SD Card 4.08 PQ: 0 ANSI: 0
[ 2.509357] sd 6:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg3 type 0
[ 2.509936] sd 6:0:0:1: Attached scsi generic sg4 type 0
[ 2.511152] sd 6:0:0:2: Attached scsi generic sg5 type 0
[ 2.512435] sd 6:0:0:3: Attached scsi generic sg6 type 0
[ 2.514823] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdc] Media removed, stopped polling
[ 2.519575] sd 6:0:0:1: [sdd] Media removed, stopped polling
[ 2.528168] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdc] Attached SCSI removable disk
[ 2.533063] sd 6:0:0:2: [sde] Media removed, stopped polling
[ 2.541980] sd 6:0:0:1: [sdd] Attached SCSI removable disk
[ 2.550871] sd 6:0:0:2: [sde] Attached SCSI removable disk
[ 2.559421] sd 6:0:0:3: [sdf] Media removed, stopped polling
[ 2.572356] sd 6:0:0:3: [sdf] Attached SCSI removable disk
[ 33.540466] EXT4-fs (sda5): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: (null). Quota mode: none.
[ 33.703038] systemd[1]: Inserted module 'autofs4'
[ 33.718092] systemd[1]: systemd 249.11-0ubuntu3.11 running in system mode (+PAM +AUDIT +SELINUX +APPARMOR +IMA +SMACK +SECCOMP +GCRYPT +GNUTLS +OPENSSL +ACL +BLKID +CURL +ELFUTILS +FIDO2 +IDN2 -IDN +IPTC +KMOD +LIBCRYPTSETUP +LIBFDISK +PCRE2 -PWQUALITY -P11KIT -QRENCODE +BZIP2 +LZ4 +XZ +ZLIB +ZSTD -XKBCOMMON +UTMP +SYSVINIT default-hierarchy=unified)
[ 33.731050] systemd[1]: Detected architecture x86-64.
[ 33.736943] systemd[1]: Hostname set to <musicman>.
[ 33.951287] systemd[1]: Queued start job for default target Graphical Interface.
[ 33.953273] systemd[1]: Created slice Slice /system/modprobe.
请注意，sdc通过sdf此处显示。我有一个旧的 SD 读卡器，有 4 个插槽连接到我的系统。即使我使用旧硬盘，这种情况也已经存在很长时间了。我的 中没有自动安装它们fstab，如下所示：
# <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass>
# / was on /dev/sda6 during installation
UUID=52de13f0-4bc6-4b65-95b3-ea3144b51cef / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1
# /boot was on /dev/sda1 during installation
UUID=8c68f915-02a3-417f-8eae-c4f3b135805a /boot ext2 defaults 0 2
# swap was on /dev/sda5 during installation
UUID=e3355472-3ec2-412c-80fa-42e9af3d900e none swap sw 0 0
UUID=d80fae04-3ecd-4e68-87ee-0ea47c89adae /backup ext4 defaults 1 2
/backup分区位于不同的物理驱动器 ( /dev/sdb) 上，并且在整个迁移过程中不会更改。
如果需要，我可以提供更多日志。但你可以看到很大的时间差距。我确实尝试过systemd-analyze blame，但似乎并没有帮助我找到答案。
然而，我注意到一些非常有趣的事情。如果我将旧硬盘连接到系统，将我的 SSD 作为主启动和系统驱动器，因此即使不将旧硬盘包含在内/etc/fstab或以任何方式安装它，系统将突然完全没有 20-30 秒的暂停正如预期的那样，一切都会在几秒钟内启动。
这20-30秒到底是什么？我做了一些搜索，/etc试图找到引用 UUID 的文本文件，但找不到除该resume文件以外的任何文件。
我的下一个实验是将所有 SSD UUID 设置为与旧 HDD 中的 UUID 相同。这只是一个实验，以确定系统中是否存在一些保留，认为旧的 UUID 仍然适用。但必须对系统的运行情况有一定的了解。
感谢您的任何帮助
最近，打开 Firefox 时出现此警告：
等待更新“firefox”快照
关闭应用程序以避免中断
这是什么意思？我该怎么办？这是一个错误吗？
我刚刚从 Ubuntu 21.10 升级到 22.04。
sudo apt update以以下警告结束...
W: https://linux.teamviewer.com/deb/dists/stable/InRelease: Key is stored in legacy trusted.gpg keyring (/etc/apt/trusted.gpg), see the DEPRECATION section in apt-key(8) for details.
W: http://apt.keepsolid.com/ubuntu/dists/groovy/InRelease: Key is stored in legacy trusted.gpg keyring (/etc/apt/trusted.gpg), see the DEPRECATION section in apt-key(8) for details.
W: http://linux.dropbox.com/ubuntu/dists/disco/Release.gpg: Key is stored in legacy trusted.gpg keyring (/etc/apt/trusted.gpg), see the DEPRECATION section in apt-key(8) for details.
W: http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian/dists/hirsute/InRelease: Key is stored in legacy trusted.gpg keyring (/etc/apt/trusted.gpg), see the DEPRECATION section in apt-key(8) for details.
W: http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/home:/IBBoard:/cawbird/xUbuntu_22.04/InRelease: Key is stored in legacy trusted.gpg keyring (/etc/apt/trusted.gpg), see the DEPRECATION section in apt-key(8) for details.
W: http://ppa.launchpad.net/solaar-unifying/stable/ubuntu/dists/jammy/InRelease: Key is stored in legacy trusted.gpg keyring (/etc/apt/trusted.gpg), see the DEPRECATION section in apt-key(8) for details.
W: http://ppa.launchpad.net/team-xbmc/ppa/ubuntu/dists/jammy/InRelease: Key is stored in legacy trusted.gpg keyring (/etc/apt/trusted.gpg), see the DEPRECATION section in apt-key(8) for details.
W: http://ppa.launchpad.net/yannubuntu/boot-repair/ubuntu/dists/jammy/InRelease: Key is stored in legacy trusted.gpg keyring (/etc/apt/trusted.gpg), see the DEPRECATION section in apt-key(8) for details.
Synaptic在重新加载时显示相同的警告。
审查man apt-key并没有为我澄清这一点。
我认为这是因为 Ubuntu 22.04 已经从使用 /etc/apt/trusted.gpg 转变为使用位于 /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d 中的单个 .gpg 文件。
这些密钥可以从一个转换为另一个，还是我必须删除这些密钥并重新导入它们？
Ubuntu 22.04 有一个错误，即我们无法在任何平台上共享我们的屏幕。
我正在尝试配置 22.04 (Gnome 42) 键盘快捷键以获得“旧”功能，即截取区域选择并将它们粘贴到剪贴板（Ctrl-Shft-PrtScr + 选择/释放：完成）。问题是$ gnome-screenshot -ac除非运行 gnome-screenshot 实用程序的实例，否则不会将选择复制到剪贴板。有谁知道如何解决这个问题？（我知道可以运行“新”交互式屏幕截图工具，但这需要太多点击，这不是我想要的。）
sudo do-release-upgrade -cd
返回
Checking for a new Ubuntu release
New release '22.04' available.
Run 'do-release-upgrade' to upgrade to it.
然后
sudo do-release-upgrade
返回
Checking for a new Ubuntu release
There is no development version of an LTS available.
To upgrade to the latest non-LTS development release
set Prompt=normal in /etc/update-manager/release-upgrades.
我认为错误是：
22.04 未标记为 LTS。因此do-release-upgrade不适用于从 20.04 LTS 升级到 22.04 LTS。
任何解决方法除了set Prompt=normal in /etc/update-manager/release-upgrades.？
Ubuntu 22.04 在 Digital Ocean LAMP 堆栈液滴上更新后，我收到 3 条警告。
W: http://repo.mysql.com/apt/ubuntu/dists/bionic/InRelease: Key is stored in legacy trusted.gpg keyring (/etc/apt/trusted.gpg), see the DEPRECATION section in apt-key(8) for details.
W: https://repos.insights.digitalocean.com/apt/do-agent/dists/main/InRelease: Key is stored in legacy trusted.gpg keyring (/etc/apt/trusted.gpg), see the DEPRECATION section in apt-key(8) for details.
W: http://pkg.cloudflare.com/dists/trusty/Release.gpg: Key is stored in legacy trusted.gpg keyring (/etc/apt/trusted.gpg), see the DEPRECATION section in apt-key(8) for details.
如何将钥匙移动到正确的位置并删除旧钥匙？
编辑
sudo apt-key 列表
pub rsa2048 2016-02-17 [SC]
9FE3 B226 BD77 5196 D8C2 E599 DE88 104A A4C6 383F
uid [ unknown] DigitalOcean Insights Engineering <[email protected]>
sub rsa2048 2016-02-17 [E]
pub rsa2048 2015-01-28 [SC]
FBA8 C0EE 6361 7C5E ED69 5C43 254B 391D 8CAC CBF8
uid [ unknown] CloudFlare Software Packaging <[email protected]>
pub dsa1024 2003-02-03 [SCA] [expired: 2022-02-16]
A4A9 4068 76FC BD3C 4567 70C8 8C71 8D3B 5072 E1F5
uid [ expired] MySQL Release Engineering <[email protected]>
pub rsa4096 2021-12-14 [SC] [expires: 2023-12-14]
859B E8D7 C586 F538 430B 19C2 467B 942D 3A79 BD29
uid [ unknown] MySQL Release Engineering <[email protected]>
sub rsa4096 2021-12-14 [E] [expires: 2023-12-14]
/etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/certbot_ubuntu_certbot.gpg
-------------------------------------------------
pub rsa4096 2016-11-02 [SC]
7BF5 7606 6ADA 6572 8FC7 E70A 8C47 BE8E 75BC A694
uid [ unknown] Launchpad PPA for certbot
/etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/ondrej-ubuntu-apache2.gpg
------------------------------------------------
pub rsa1024 2009-01-26 [SC]
14AA 40EC 0831 7567 56D7 F66C 4F4E A0AA E526 7A6C
uid [ unknown] Launchpad PPA for Ondřej Surý
/etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/ondrej_ubuntu_php.gpg
--------------------------------------------
pub rsa1024 2009-01-26 [SC]
14AA 40EC 0831 7567 56D7 F66C 4F4E A0AA E526 7A6C
uid [ unknown] Launchpad PPA for Ondřej Surý
/etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/ubuntu-keyring-2012-cdimage.gpg
------------------------------------------------------
pub rsa4096 2012-05-11 [SC]
8439 38DF 228D 22F7 B374 2BC0 D94A A3F0 EFE2 1092
uid [ unknown] Ubuntu CD Image Automatic Signing Key (2012) <[email protected]>
/etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/ubuntu-keyring-2018-archive.gpg
------------------------------------------------------
pub rsa4096 2018-09-17 [SC]
F6EC B376 2474 EDA9 D21B 7022 8719 20D1 991B C93C
uid [ unknown] Ubuntu Archive Automatic Signing Key (2018) <[email protected]>
ls -l /etc/apt/sources.list.d
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 276 Apr 8 15:51 certbot-ubuntu-certbot-xenial.list
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 276 Apr 8 15:51 certbot-ubuntu-certbot-xenial.list.distUpgrade
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 274 Mar 13 2020 certbot-ubuntu-certbot-xenial.list.save
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 43 Apr 8 15:51 cloudflare-main.list
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 43 Apr 8 15:51 cloudflare-main.list.distUpgrade
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 43 Mar 13 2020 cloudflare-main.list.save
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 67 Apr 8 15:51 digitalocean-agent.list
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 67 Apr 8 15:51 digitalocean-agent.list.distUpgrade
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 67 Mar 13 2020 digitalocean-agent.list.save
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 501 Apr 8 15:51 mysql.list
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 501 Apr 8 15:51 mysql.list.distUpgrade
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 137 Apr 8 15:51 ondrej-ubuntu-apache2-hirsute.list
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 135 Apr 8 15:51 ondrej-ubuntu-apache2-hirsute.list.distUpgrade
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 123 Apr 8 15:51 ondrej-ubuntu-php-xenial.list
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 124 Apr 8 15:51 ondrej-ubuntu-php-xenial.list.distUpgrade
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 125 Apr 8 19:11 signal-xenial.list
apt upgrade：
$ sudo apt-get full-upgrade -y
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
You might want to run 'apt --fix-broken install' to correct these.
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
libpython3.10 : Depends: libpython3.10-stdlib (= 3.10.4-1+focal2) but 3.10.4-1+focal1 is installed
libpython3.10-dev : Depends: libpython3.10-stdlib (= 3.10.4-1+focal2) but 3.10.4-1+focal1 is installed
python3.10 : Depends: libpython3.10-stdlib (= 3.10.4-1+focal2) but 3.10.4-1+focal1 is installed
python3.10-minimal : Depends: libpython3.10-minimal (= 3.10.4-1+focal2) but 3.10.4-1+focal1 is installed
E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt --fix-broken install' with no packages (or specify a solution).
apt --fix-broken install：
$ sudo apt --fix-broken install
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Correcting dependencies... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
libpython3.10-minimal libpython3.10-stdlib
The following packages will be upgraded:
libpython3.10-minimal libpython3.10-stdlib
2 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 10 not upgraded.
9 not fully installed or removed.
Need to get 0 B/2,566 kB of archives.
After this operation, 68.6 kB disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
(Reading database ... 279178 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../libpython3.10-stdlib_3.10.4-1+focal2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libpython3.10-stdlib:amd64 (3.10.4-1+focal2) over (3.10.4-1+focal1) ...
dpkg: error processing archive /var/cache/apt/archives/libpython3.10-stdlib_3.10.4-1+focal2_amd64.deb (--unpack):
trying to overwrite '/usr/lib/python3.10/_sysconfigdata__linux_x86_64-linux-gnu.py', which is also in package libpython3.10-minimal:amd64 3.10.4-1+fo
cal1
Preparing to unpack .../libpython3.10-minimal_3.10.4-1+focal2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libpython3.10-minimal:amd64 (3.10.4-1+focal2) over (3.10.4-1+focal1) ...
dpkg: error processing archive /var/cache/apt/archives/libpython3.10-minimal_3.10.4-1+focal2_amd64.deb (--unpack):
trying to overwrite '/usr/lib/python3.10/typing.py', which is also in package libpython3.10-stdlib:amd64 3.10.4-1+focal1
dpkg-deb: error: paste subprocess was killed by signal (Broken pipe)
Errors were encountered while processing:
/var/cache/apt/archives/libpython3.10-stdlib_3.10.4-1+focal2_amd64.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/libpython3.10-minimal_3.10.4-1+focal2_amd64.deb
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
试图删除已安装python3.10的软件包，但它会导致错误 Unmet dependencies
此错误消息是什么意思，有没有办法解决它？
据我在22.04 Jammy的持续开发中看到的，Firefox是一个 Snap 包。apt 中相关的 Deb 包只是指向该快照版本的快捷方式/链接。
我更喜欢我的安装不是来自 snap 包，因为我发现它们太多“特定于 Ubuntu”。
是否有其他方法可以在 Jammy 上安装 Firefox？
我最喜欢的选择是Apt 存储库或PPA。同时，我将使用我的测试虚拟机测试Flatpak版本。
谢谢！
最近我在运行时注意到一些问题apt，系统会警告我密钥环已弃用：
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
8 packages can be upgraded. Run 'apt list --upgradable' to see them.
W: https://packages.microsoft.com/repos/edge/dists/stable/InRelease: Key is stored in legacy trusted.gpg keyring (/etc/apt/trusted.gpg), see the DEPRECATION section in apt-key(8) for details.
W: https://download.sublimetext.com/apt/stable/InRelease: Key is stored in legacy trusted.gpg keyring (/etc/apt/trusted.gpg), see the DEPRECATION section in apt-key(8) for details.
这不会阻止我执行更新，但我更希望在更新系统时看不到这一点。我们应该如何存储受信任的 GPG 密钥？
我正在运行 Ubuntu 20.04，我不小心删除了 EFI 分区（该死的 GParted！）系统仍在运行。我可以在 now UNUSED 区域创建一个新分区，设置 EFI 标志和引导标志，然后运行 update-grub 吗？update-grub 会重新填充 EFI 分区吗？我可以从另一个 Ubuntu 安装中 DD EFI 分区吗？
快速回复， 非常感谢！
我在 Windows 11 上使用 WSL2。我想systemctl在 Ubuntu 20.04 中运行该命令，但它给了我以下错误：
System has not been booted with systemd as init system (PID 1).
Can't operate. Failed to connect to bus: Host is down
我该如何解决？