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问题[storage](unix)

Martin Hope
duckegg
Asked: 2022-06-30 12:31:07 +0800 CST
  • 0

在注意到 openwrt（和其他发行版）将包含系统的内部存储命名为 mmcblk 并将其他位于外部 sd 读卡器中的磁盘命名为 sd 之后，我一直在研究 sd 和 mmc 之间的区别。

让我困惑的是内部存储器也是一张SD卡。那为什么系统说是mmc呢？是因为阅读器是 mmc 阅读器，还是因为某种仿真使其与系统的其余部分兼容？

storage
Martin Hope
Satish
Asked: 2022-06-17 19:39:07 +0800 CST
  • 0

我在实验室里玩 ceph 存储，我有一个服务器，所以我想把所有服务都安装在一个盒子上，比如 MON、OSD、MDS 等。

我已经使用 loopdevice 创建了两个磁盘（这个服务器有 SSD 磁盘所以速度真的很好）

root@ceph2# losetup -a
/dev/loop1: [64769]:26869770 (/root/100G-2.img)
/dev/loop0: [64769]:26869769 (/root/100G-1.img)

这就是我的ceph -s输出的样子

root@ceph2# ceph -s
  cluster:
    id:     1106ae5c-e5bf-4316-8185-3e559d246ac5
    health: HEALTH_WARN
            1 MDSs report slow metadata IOs
            Reduced data availability: 65 pgs inactive
            Degraded data redundancy: 65 pgs undersized

  services:
    mon: 1 daemons, quorum ceph2 (age 8m)
    mgr: ceph2(active, since 9m)
    mds: 1/1 daemons up
    osd: 2 osds: 2 up (since 20m), 2 in (since 38m)

  data:
    volumes: 1/1 healthy
    pools:   3 pools, 65 pgs
    objects: 0 objects, 0 B
    usage:   11 MiB used, 198 GiB / 198 GiB avail
    pgs:     100.000% pgs not active
             65 undersized+peered

不知道 MDS 缓慢的 IO 错误来自哪里，并且 mds stat 卡在创建

root@ceph2# ceph mds stat
cephfs:1 {0=ceph2=up:creating}

这就是健康细节的样子

root@ceph2# ceph health detail
HEALTH_WARN 1 MDSs report slow metadata IOs; Reduced data availability: 65 pgs inactive; Degraded data redundancy: 65 pgs undersized
[WRN] MDS_SLOW_METADATA_IO: 1 MDSs report slow metadata IOs
    mds.ceph2(mds.0): 31 slow metadata IOs are blocked > 30 secs, oldest blocked for 864 secs
[WRN] PG_AVAILABILITY: Reduced data availability: 65 pgs inactive
    pg 1.0 is stuck inactive for 22m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [1]
    pg 2.0 is stuck inactive for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [0]
    pg 2.1 is stuck inactive for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [1]
    pg 2.2 is stuck inactive for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [0]
    pg 2.3 is stuck inactive for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [1]
    pg 2.4 is stuck inactive for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [1]
    pg 2.5 is stuck inactive for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [1]
    pg 2.6 is stuck inactive for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [1]
    pg 2.7 is stuck inactive for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [1]
    pg 2.8 is stuck inactive for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [0]
    pg 2.c is stuck inactive for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [1]
    pg 2.d is stuck inactive for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [1]
    pg 2.e is stuck inactive for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [1]
    pg 2.f is stuck inactive for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [0]
    pg 2.10 is stuck inactive for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [0]
    pg 2.11 is stuck inactive for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [0]
    pg 2.12 is stuck inactive for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [1]
    pg 2.13 is stuck inactive for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [0]
    pg 2.14 is stuck inactive for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [0]
    pg 2.15 is stuck inactive for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [1]
    pg 2.16 is stuck inactive for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [0]
    pg 2.17 is stuck inactive for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [1]
    pg 2.18 is stuck inactive for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [0]
    pg 2.19 is stuck inactive for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [0]
    pg 2.1a is stuck inactive for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [0]
    pg 2.1b is stuck inactive for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [1]
    pg 3.0 is stuck inactive for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [1]
    pg 3.1 is stuck inactive for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [0]
    pg 3.2 is stuck inactive for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [1]
    pg 3.3 is stuck inactive for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [0]
    pg 3.4 is stuck inactive for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [1]
    pg 3.5 is stuck inactive for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [1]
    pg 3.6 is stuck inactive for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [0]
    pg 3.7 is stuck inactive for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [1]
    pg 3.9 is stuck inactive for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [0]
    pg 3.c is stuck inactive for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [0]
    pg 3.d is stuck inactive for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [1]
    pg 3.e is stuck inactive for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [1]
    pg 3.f is stuck inactive for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [0]
    pg 3.10 is stuck inactive for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [1]
    pg 3.11 is stuck inactive for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [0]
    pg 3.12 is stuck inactive for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [0]
    pg 3.13 is stuck inactive for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [1]
    pg 3.14 is stuck inactive for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [1]
    pg 3.15 is stuck inactive for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [0]
    pg 3.16 is stuck inactive for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [1]
    pg 3.17 is stuck inactive for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [0]
    pg 3.18 is stuck inactive for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [1]
    pg 3.19 is stuck inactive for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [1]
    pg 3.1a is stuck inactive for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [1]
    pg 3.1b is stuck inactive for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [0]
[WRN] PG_DEGRADED: Degraded data redundancy: 65 pgs undersized
    pg 1.0 is stuck undersized for 22m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [1]
    pg 2.0 is stuck undersized for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [0]
    pg 2.1 is stuck undersized for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [1]
    pg 2.2 is stuck undersized for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [0]
    pg 2.3 is stuck undersized for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [1]
    pg 2.4 is stuck undersized for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [1]
    pg 2.5 is stuck undersized for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [1]
    pg 2.6 is stuck undersized for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [1]
    pg 2.7 is stuck undersized for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [1]
    pg 2.8 is stuck undersized for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [0]
    pg 2.c is stuck undersized for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [1]
    pg 2.d is stuck undersized for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [1]
    pg 2.e is stuck undersized for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [1]
    pg 2.f is stuck undersized for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [0]
    pg 2.10 is stuck undersized for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [0]
    pg 2.11 is stuck undersized for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [0]
    pg 2.12 is stuck undersized for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [1]
    pg 2.13 is stuck undersized for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [0]
    pg 2.14 is stuck undersized for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [0]
    pg 2.15 is stuck undersized for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [1]
    pg 2.16 is stuck undersized for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [0]
    pg 2.17 is stuck undersized for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [1]
    pg 2.18 is stuck undersized for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [0]
    pg 2.19 is stuck undersized for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [0]
    pg 2.1a is stuck undersized for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [0]
    pg 2.1b is stuck undersized for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [1]
    pg 3.0 is stuck undersized for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [1]
    pg 3.1 is stuck undersized for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [0]
    pg 3.2 is stuck undersized for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [1]
    pg 3.3 is stuck undersized for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [0]
    pg 3.4 is stuck undersized for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [1]
    pg 3.5 is stuck undersized for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [1]
    pg 3.6 is stuck undersized for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [0]
    pg 3.7 is stuck undersized for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [1]
    pg 3.9 is stuck undersized for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [0]
    pg 3.c is stuck undersized for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [0]
    pg 3.d is stuck undersized for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [1]
    pg 3.e is stuck undersized for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [1]
    pg 3.f is stuck undersized for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [0]
    pg 3.10 is stuck undersized for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [1]
    pg 3.11 is stuck undersized for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [0]
    pg 3.12 is stuck undersized for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [0]
    pg 3.13 is stuck undersized for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [1]
    pg 3.14 is stuck undersized for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [1]
    pg 3.15 is stuck undersized for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [0]
    pg 3.16 is stuck undersized for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [1]
    pg 3.17 is stuck undersized for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [0]
    pg 3.18 is stuck undersized for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [1]
    pg 3.19 is stuck undersized for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [1]
    pg 3.1a is stuck undersized for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [1]
    pg 3.1b is stuck undersized for 14m, current state undersized+peered, last acting [0]

这里有什么问题？你认为这是因为我有一个服务器和 2 个 OSD 吗？

linux storage
Martin Hope
Joachim Wagner
Asked: 2022-03-31 05:24:00 +0800 CST
  • 2

的手册页lvcreate说 LV 类型mirror是 legacy 并lvconvert说“在大多数情况下，不推荐使用镜像类型，应该使用 raid1 类型。它们都是镜像的实现。”

哪些情况--type mirror不被弃用？

我在将单驱动器 LVM 卷转换为跨 3 个驱动器的条带卷--type mirror的公认答案中 遇到了这个过程，我想知道那里也可以工作吗？--type raid1

Avery Payne 在https://serverfault.com/questions/97845/lvm-mirroring-vs-raid1上的回答暗示了一个历史性的区别，即mirror用于移动 LV 并且通常仅用于临时使用，而raid1用于永久保护数据。的手册页pvmove还提到创建了一个临时镜像 LV 来移动数据。

有关的：

lvm storage
Martin Hope
LostHat
Asked: 2022-02-18 10:43:57 +0800 CST
  • 0

我有一个现有的逻辑卷，我想在卷组中使用新添加的物理卷（来自单独的磁盘）来扩展它。在扩展逻辑卷之前，是否需要为物理卷制作文件系统？

我知道逻辑卷本身有一个文件系统，但我并不完全了解扩展过程在实践中是如何工作的。

lvm storage
Martin Hope
James
Asked: 2021-11-05 07:56:51 +0800 CST
  • 0

我最近从我的提供商那里购买了另一块存储空间，并按照他们的指南重新安排了我的帐户：

  1. sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/vdb
  2. sudo mkdir /mnt/vol-us-1
  3. sudo mount -t ext4 /dev/vdb /mnt/vol-us-1
  4. bin/bash -c "if [ $(cat /etc/fstab | grep -i /dev/vdb | awk '{print $1}')!="/dev/vdb" ]; then sudo bash -c 'echo \/dev/vdb /mnt/vol-us-1 ext4 defaults,nofail,discard,noatime 1 2\ >> /etc/fstab';fi"

这最初是有效的，但后来我升级了 WHM，我丢失了我的设置，并且存储块似乎已被擦除。我能够从备份中恢复，但不能完全恢复。

我可以在我的磁盘使用报告中看到安装存在： 在此处输入图像描述

但是随后尝试移动我的帐户，WHM 不允许我这样做：

在此处输入图像描述

centos storage
Martin Hope
scjorge
Asked: 2019-08-06 04:53:04 +0800 CST
  • 3

对于几个应用程序，我得到了一个“空间不足”的错误，我希望解决这个错误。

示例（我的 debian 是德语）：

$ chromium
[2595:2595:0805/143635.823734:ERROR:process_singleton_posix.cc(280)]
Failed to create /home/jk/.config/chromium/SingletonLock: 
Auf dem Gerät ist kein Speicherplatz mehr verfügbar (28)
[2595:2595:0805/143635.823938:ERROR:chrome_browser_main.cc(1410)] 
Failed to create a ProcessSingleton for your profile directory. 
This means that running multiple instances would start multiple browser
processes rather than opening a new window in the existing process. 
Aborting now to avoid profile corruption.
$

我跑了，但使用 th函数htop找不到任何东西。chromF3

另外，我有这个空闲空间：

# df -T
Filesystem     Type      1K-blocks    Used Available  Use% Mounted on
udev           devtmpfs   4060868        0   4060868    0% /dev
tmpfs          tmpfs       814432     9488    804944    2% /run
/dev/sda1      ext4      34352812  6819976  25758092   21% /
tmpfs          tmpfs      4072144    30804   4041340    1% /dev/shm
tmpfs          tmpfs         5120        4      5116    1% /run/lock
tmpfs          tmpfs      4072144        0   4072144    0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda5      ext4      71731064 20562300  47539148   31% /home
tmpfs          tmpfs       814428        4    814424    1% /run/user/111
tmpfs          tmpfs       814428       16    814412    1% /run/user/1000
#

从另一个问题我也检查了这个输出：

# lsof | fgrep deleted
lsof: WARNING: can't stat() fuse.gvfsd-fuse file system /run/user/111/gvfs
      Output information may be incomplete.
lsof: WARNING: can't stat() fuse.gvfsd-fuse file system /run/user/1000/gvfs
      Output information may be incomplete.
pulseaudi 1235                    jk    6u      REG                0,5 67108864      20258 /memfd:pulseaudio (deleted)
alsa-sink 1235 1296               jk    6u      REG                0,5 67108864      20258 /memfd:pulseaudio (deleted)
alsa-sour 1235 1297               jk    6u      REG                0,5 67108864      20258 /memfd:pulseaudio (deleted)
lxtermina 1303                    jk   15u      REG                8,1     1917    1962258 /tmp/vteFUZ45Z (deleted)
lxtermina 1303                    jk   16u      REG                8,1     1312    1962259 /tmp/vteLEY45Z (deleted)
lxtermina 1303                    jk   23u      REG                8,1     2042    1962279 /tmp/vteQW8B6Z (deleted)
lxtermina 1303                    jk   24u      REG                8,1      624    1962282 /tmp/vteNS8B6Z (deleted)
lxtermina 1303                    jk   28u      REG                8,1     1944    1962283 /tmp/vteD5BA6Z (deleted)
lxtermina 1303                    jk   29u      REG                8,1      384    1962285 /tmp/vteKXBA6Z (deleted)
lxtermina 1303                    jk   30u      REG                8,1     2864    1962286 /tmp/vteLLCA6Z (deleted)
gmain     1303 1306               jk   15u      REG                8,1     1917    1962258 /tmp/vteFUZ45Z (deleted)
gmain     1303 1306               jk   16u      REG                8,1     1312    1962259 /tmp/vteLEY45Z (deleted)
gmain     1303 1306               jk   23u      REG                8,1     2042    1962279 /tmp/vteQW8B6Z (deleted)
gmain     1303 1306               jk   24u      REG                8,1      624    1962282 /tmp/vteNS8B6Z (deleted)
gmain     1303 1306               jk   28u      REG                8,1     1944    1962283 /tmp/vteD5BA6Z (deleted)
gmain     1303 1306               jk   29u      REG                8,1      384    1962285 /tmp/vteKXBA6Z (deleted)
gmain     1303 1306               jk   30u      REG                8,1     2864    1962286 /tmp/vteLLCA6Z (deleted)
gdbus     1303 1309               jk   15u      REG                8,1     1917    1962258 /tmp/vteFUZ45Z (deleted)
gdbus     1303 1309               jk   16u      REG                8,1     1312    1962259 /tmp/vteLEY45Z (deleted)
gdbus     1303 1309               jk   23u      REG                8,1     2042    1962279 /tmp/vteQW8B6Z (deleted)
gdbus     1303 1309               jk   24u      REG                8,1      624    1962282 /tmp/vteNS8B6Z (deleted)
gdbus     1303 1309               jk   28u      REG                8,1     1944    1962283 /tmp/vteD5BA6Z (deleted)
gdbus     1303 1309               jk   29u      REG                8,1      384    1962285 /tmp/vteKXBA6Z (deleted)
gdbus     1303 1309               jk   30u      REG                8,1     2864    1962286 /tmp/vteLLCA6Z (deleted)
firefox-e 1901                    jk  122r      REG                8,1  1222721    1962287 /tmp/tmp-3yq.xpi (deleted)
Gecko_IOT 1901 1904               jk  122r      REG                8,1  1222721    1962287 /tmp/tmp-3yq.xpi (deleted)
Timer     1901 1905               jk  122r      REG                8,1  1222721    1962287 /tmp/tmp-3yq.xpi (deleted)
Link\x20M 1901 1906               jk  122r      REG                8,1  1222721    1962287 /tmp/tmp-3yq.xpi (deleted)
Socket    1901 1907               jk  122r      REG                8,1  1222721    1962287 /tmp/tmp-3yq.xpi (deleted)
JS\x20Wat 1901 1908               jk  122r      REG                8,1  1222721    1962287 /tmp/tmp-3yq.xpi (deleted)
JS\x20Hel 1901 1909               jk  122r      REG                8,1  1222721    1962287 /tmp/tmp-3yq.xpi (deleted)
JS\x20Hel 1901 1910               jk  122r      REG                8,1  1222721    1962287 /tmp/tmp-3yq.xpi (deleted)
AudioIPC  1901 1911               jk  122r      REG                8,1  1222721    1962287 /tmp/tmp-3yq.xpi (deleted)
AudioIPC  1901 1912               jk  122r      REG                8,1  1222721    1962287 /tmp/tmp-3yq.xpi (deleted)
Hang\x20M 1901 1914               jk  122r      REG                8,1  1222721    1962287 /tmp/tmp-3yq.xpi (deleted)
gmain     1901 1915               jk  122r      REG                8,1  1222721    1962287 /tmp/tmp-3yq.xpi (deleted)
gdbus     1901 1916               jk  122r      REG                8,1  1222721    1962287 /tmp/tmp-3yq.xpi (deleted)
Cache2    1901 1919               jk  122r      REG                8,1  1222721    1962287 /tmp/tmp-3yq.xpi (deleted)
Cookie    1901 1920               jk  122r      REG                8,1  1222721    1962287 /tmp/tmp-3yq.xpi (deleted)
GMPThread 1901 1922               jk  122r      REG                8,1  1222721    1962287 /tmp/tmp-3yq.xpi (deleted)
Softwar~c 1901 1923               jk  122r      REG                8,1  1222721    1962287 /tmp/tmp-3yq.xpi (deleted)
Composito 1901 1924               jk  122r      REG                8,1  1222721    1962287 /tmp/tmp-3yq.xpi (deleted)
VRListene 1901 1925               jk  122r      REG                8,1  1222721    1962287 /tmp/tmp-3yq.xpi (deleted)
ImgDecode 1901 1926               jk  122r      REG                8,1  1222721    1962287 /tmp/tmp-3yq.xpi (deleted)
ImageIO   1901 1927               jk  122r      REG                8,1  1222721    1962287 /tmp/tmp-3yq.xpi (deleted)
IPDL\x20B 1901 1932               jk  122r      REG                8,1  1222721    1962287 /tmp/tmp-3yq.xpi (deleted)
HTML5\x20 1901 1933               jk  122r      REG                8,1  1222721    1962287 /tmp/tmp-3yq.xpi (deleted)
DOM\x20Wo 1901 1936               jk  122r      REG                8,1  1222721    1962287 /tmp/tmp-3yq.xpi (deleted)
firefox-e 1901 1937               jk  122r      REG                8,1  1222721    1962287 /tmp/tmp-3yq.xpi (deleted)
firefox-e 1901 1938               jk  122r      REG                8,1  1222721    1962287 /tmp/tmp-3yq.xpi (deleted)
ImageBr~g 1901 1940               jk  122r      REG                8,1  1222721    1962287 /tmp/tmp-3yq.xpi (deleted)
FS\x20Bro 1901 1941               jk  122r      REG                8,1  1222721    1962287 /tmp/tmp-3yq.xpi (deleted)
ProcessHa 1901 1942               jk  122r      REG                8,1  1222721    1962287 /tmp/tmp-3yq.xpi (deleted)
LoadRoots 1901 1958               jk  122r      REG                8,1  1222721    1962287 /tmp/tmp-3yq.xpi (deleted)
DataStora 1901 1959               jk  122r      REG                8,1  1222721    1962287 /tmp/tmp-3yq.xpi (deleted)
DataStora 1901 1960               jk  122r      REG                8,1  1222721    1962287 /tmp/tmp-3yq.xpi (deleted)
SysProxyS 1901 1961               jk  122r      REG                8,1  1222721    1962287 /tmp/tmp-3yq.xpi (deleted)
dconf\x20 1901 1962               jk  122r      REG                8,1  1222721    1962287 /tmp/tmp-3yq.xpi (deleted)
ProxyReso 1901 1963               jk  122r      REG                8,1  1222721    1962287 /tmp/tmp-3yq.xpi (deleted)
DataStora 1901 1964               jk  122r      REG                8,1  1222721    1962287 /tmp/tmp-3yq.xpi (deleted)
URL\x20Cl 1901 1965               jk  122r      REG                8,1  1222721    1962287 /tmp/tmp-3yq.xpi (deleted)
Classif~  1901 1967               jk  122r      REG                8,1  1222721    1962287 /tmp/tmp-3yq.xpi (deleted)
SaveScrip 1901 1968               jk  122r      REG                8,1  1222721    1962287 /tmp/tmp-3yq.xpi (deleted)
Cache\x20 1901 1969               jk  122r      REG                8,1  1222721    1962287 /tmp/tmp-3yq.xpi (deleted)
DataStora 1901 1970               jk  122r      REG                8,1  1222721    1962287 /tmp/tmp-3yq.xpi (deleted)
mozStorag 1901 1971               jk  122r      REG                8,1  1222721    1962287 /tmp/tmp-3yq.xpi (deleted)
QuotaMana 1901 1986               jk  122r      REG                8,1  1222721    1962287 /tmp/tmp-3yq.xpi (deleted)
ImgDecode 1901 1987               jk  122r      REG                8,1  1222721    1962287 /tmp/tmp-3yq.xpi (deleted)
FS\x20Bro 1901 1994               jk  122r      REG                8,1  1222721    1962287 /tmp/tmp-3yq.xpi (deleted)
mozStorag 1901 2015               jk  122r      REG                8,1  1222721    1962287 /tmp/tmp-3yq.xpi (deleted)
threaded- 1901 2062               jk  122r      REG                8,1  1222721    1962287 /tmp/tmp-3yq.xpi (deleted)
FS\x20Bro 1901 2120               jk  122r      REG                8,1  1222721    1962287 /tmp/tmp-3yq.xpi (deleted)
DOM\x20Wo 1901 2348               jk  122r      REG                8,1  1222721    1962287 /tmp/tmp-3yq.xpi (deleted)
FS\x20Bro 1901 2426               jk  122r      REG                8,1  1222721    1962287 /tmp/tmp-3yq.xpi (deleted)
DNS\x20Re 1901 2444               jk  122r      REG                8,1  1222721    1962287 /tmp/tmp-3yq.xpi (deleted)
DNS\x20Re 1901 2460               jk  122r      REG                8,1  1222721    1962287 /tmp/tmp-3yq.xpi (deleted)
StreamTra 1901 2476               jk  122r      REG                8,1  1222721    1962287 /tmp/tmp-3yq.xpi (deleted)
# df

/run/user/111/gvfs并且/run/user/1000/gvfs是安装我的一个 android 设备的两个分区的地方。

我被困住了，我该怎么办？

正如用户 telcoM 指出的那样，输出df -i绝对相关：

$ df -i
Dateisystem     Inodes IBenutzt   IFrei IUse% Eingehängt auf
udev           1015217      460 1014757    1% /dev
tmpfs          1018036      686 1017350    1% /run
/dev/sda1      2199344   176230 2023114    9% /
tmpfs          1018036       36 1018000    1% /dev/shm
tmpfs          1018036        4 1018032    1% /run/lock
tmpfs          1018036       15 1018021    1% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda5        17664    17664       0  100% /home
tmpfs          1018036       15 1018021    1% /run/user/111
tmpfs          1018036       22 1018014    1% /run/user/1000
$

它表明我没有可用的 inode 了！我真的不知道我是如何设法只为几乎 69GiB17664的分区创建索引节点的。/home/

debian storage
Martin Hope
ZakS
Asked: 2019-07-23 09:42:43 +0800 CST
  • 6

我通常必须处理大小约为 1 TB 的文件夹（包含子文件夹），并且由于存储限制，我需要经常删除文件夹以保持在分配的容量内。

我通常有 30-40 个文件夹，每个文件夹最多包含大约 13 个子文件夹。

有没有快速获取文件夹大小的方法？

我已经du -s .从父文件夹尝试过，但.. 不是很快。

感谢帮助！

storage
Martin Hope
gatorback
Asked: 2019-06-01 03:36:30 +0800 CST
  • 3

背景

已为 Raspberry pi 配置了 SD 卡。目标是完全复制 SD 卡（操作系统、应用程序、数据），以便副本在 rPi 中的功能与原始\主 SD 卡完全相同。

更新：假设：

  • 复制将在配置有类似 UNIX 操作系统的笔记本电脑上执行
  • 不应从 rPi 执行复制
  • 目标 SD 卡的品牌/型号相同
  • 源 SD 卡使用不同的文件系统进行分区：

在此处输入图像描述

问题

哪些 UNIX 克隆选项适用于带有 SD 卡插槽和 USB SD 卡读卡器/写卡器的 Ubuntu HP 笔记本电脑。

USB SD卡RW是读卡器还是写卡器有区别吗？

一个目标（约束）是避免购买额外的硬件。

解决方案观察

date; sudo sh -c 'cat sdcard.image >/dev/mmcblk0'; date

2019 年 6 月 3 日星期一 17:53:18 EDT [sudo] 用户密码：2019 年 6 月 3 日星期一 23:42:17 EDT

date; sudo sh -c 'pv sdcard.image >/dev/mmcblk0'; date

2019 年 6 月 4 日星期二 00:33:50 EDT [sudo] 用户密码：119GiB 6:06:12 [5.56MiB/s] [=================== ============>] 100%
2019 年 6 月 4 日星期二 06:43:05 EDT

对闪存 SD 卡的 gParted 分析显示相同的分区：

在此处输入图像描述

macOS\OSX

要查找 SD 卡的位置：

diskutil list

写入时请务必卸载 SD 卡：

sudo diskutil unmount /dev/disk#

其中 # 是 1,2,3...

storage sd-card