我遇到了NUL character(s) present错误exim，类似于这篇文章，但由于该帖子太旧，我按照查尔斯戴维斯的建议创建了一个新问题。

$ tail -f /var/log/exim4/mainlog

2024-07-12 22:43:38 SMTP syntax error in "\026\003\001\002?\001?\001\374\003\003"\365\bZ\327b\277\373\261\032\246\217\275R\314b\201b\351\253k\304\001\3343/256/243/005/215U/301/207/311/227N/306e2+/216/226/307/361?0/023/002/023/003/023/001/300+/300/?/236/314/251/314/250/300" H=localhost [::1] NUL character(s) present (shown as '?')'>\\213fn\263N\303\244 \256'z\226o\305eE\231.:\234>3\256\243\005\215U\301\207\311\227N\306e2+\216\226\307\361?0\023\002\023\003\023\001\300+\300/?\236\314\251\314\250\300" H=localhost [::1] NUL character(s) present (shown as '?')
2024-07-12 22:43:38 SMTP syntax error in "\300\024?9\300        \300\023?3?\234?5?/\3000\300,?=?j?8?2?\377\001?\001\203???\016?\f??     localhost?\v?\004\003?\001\002?" H=localhost [::1] NUL character(s) present (shown as '?')
2024-07-12 22:43:38 SMTP syntax error in "?\f?" H=localhost [::1] NUL character(s) present (shown as '?')
2024-07-12 22:43:38 SMTP syntax error in "?\035?\027?\036?\031?\030?#???\005?\005\001?????\026???\027???\r?*?(\004\003\005\003\006\003\b\007\b\b\b      \b" H=localhost [::1] NUL character(s) present (shown as '?')
2024-07-12 22:43:38 SMTP call from localhost [::1] dropped: too many syntax or protocol errors (last command was "?\035?\027?\036?\031?\030?#???\005?\005\001?????\026???\027???\r?*?(\004\003\005\003\006\003\b\007\b\b\b      \b", NULL)

Exim: 4.94.2-7+deb11u3.  version 4.94.2 #2 built 09-Jul-2024 09:01:33
Distro: Debian GNU/Linux 11 (bullseye)
Kernel: 5.15.83-1-pve

在终端上这工作正常

echo 'hi!' | mail -s "Sent from $(hostname) at $(date +"%F %T")" [email protected]

从安装在主机（Koha）上的 Web 应用程序发送电子邮件时出现问题。

我该如何调试该问题以查明网络应用程序是否发送了无效字符串？

我正在使用 /etc/aliases 将组电子邮件定向到多个帐户，例如：

postmaster: john
abuse: john
www: paul
team: john, paul, ringo, george

由于转发给的用户数量，其中一条线路变得很长。是否可以换行？

我使用 Exim 作为 MTA。

我正在运行 debian buster，并让 exim4 从 apt-listchanges 传递本地邮件。这有效，但我得到了错误

alex@Taomon:~$ LANG=C
alex@Taomon:~$ systemctl status exim4
* exim4.service - LSB: exim Mail Transport Agent
   Loaded: loaded (/etc/init.d/exim4; generated)
   Active: active (running) since Mon 2021-11-29 10:51:40 CET; 5h 36min ago
     Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)
  Process: 1299 ExecStart=/etc/init.d/exim4 start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
    Tasks: 1 (limit: 4340)
   Memory: 5.7M
   CGroup: /system.slice/exim4.service
           `-1571 /usr/sbin/exim4 -bd -q30m

Nov 29 10:51:40 Taomon systemd[1]: Starting LSB: exim Mail Transport Agent...
Nov 29 10:51:40 Taomon exim4[1299]: Starting MTA:hostname --fqdn did not return a fully qualified name, dc_minimaldns will not
Nov 29 10:51:40 Taomon exim4[1299]: work. Please fix your /etc/hosts setup.
Nov 29 10:51:40 Taomon exim4[1299]:  exim4.
Nov 29 10:51:40 Taomon systemd[1]: Started LSB: exim Mail Transport Agent.
alex@Taomon:~$ 

多年来，我阅读了一些方面，但从未理解解决它。我试过不止一次

dpkg-reconfigure exim4-config 

一些我希望相关信息

alex@Taomon:~$ cat /etc/hostname 
Taomon
alex@Taomon:~$ 

    root@Taomon:~# hostnamectl status
       Static hostname: Taomon
             Icon name: computer-laptop
               Chassis: laptop
            Machine ID: 84876d350fa0dd8b520fd47e0000000b
               Boot ID: 0144c780c7d747de92e1fbb41b1b506e
      Operating System: Debian GNU/Linux 10 (buster)
                Kernel: Linux 4.19.0-18-amd64
          Architecture: x86-64
    root@Taomon:~# 

在地址测试模式下，Exim 在这里很长

注意 exim 正确发送了我的邮件。但是这个错误让我很紧张。差点忘了

root@Taomon:~# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost
127.0.1.1   Taomon

#PS4 einbinden

#172.16.0.2      PS4

# The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts
::1     ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
#fe00::0 ip6-localnet
#ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix
#ff02::1 ip6-allnodes
#ff02::2 ip6-allrouters
root@Taomon:~# 

每当我使用 AUTH LOGIN 身份验证时，我的 exim4 vis 在发送电子邮件时都会导致段错误。但是，使用 AUTH PLAIN 发送电子邮件就像一个魅力。两种身份验证方法都连接到 Dovecot 身份验证器。

Exim4 信息：

Exim version 4.92 #3 built 09-Sep-2021 16:25:33
Copyright (c) University of Cambridge, 1995 - 2018
(c) The Exim Maintainers and contributors in ACKNOWLEDGMENTS file, 2007 - 2018
Berkeley DB: Berkeley DB 5.3.28: (September  9, 2013)
Support for: crypteq iconv() IPv6 PAM Perl Expand_dlfunc GnuTLS move_frozen_messages Content_Scanning DANE DKIM DNSSEC Event OCSP PRDR PROXY SOCKS SPF TCP_Fast_Open Experimental_ARC Experimental_DCC Experimental_DMARC Experimental_DSN_info
Lookups (built-in): lsearch wildlsearch nwildlsearch iplsearch cdb dbm dbmjz dbmnz dnsdb dsearch ldap ldapdn ldapm mysql nis nis0 passwd pgsql sqlite
Authenticators: cram_md5 cyrus_sasl dovecot plaintext spa tls
Routers: accept dnslookup ipliteral iplookup manualroute queryprogram redirect
Transports: appendfile/maildir/mailstore/mbx autoreply lmtp pipe smtp
Malware: f-protd f-prot6d drweb fsecure sophie clamd avast sock cmdline
Fixed never_users: 0
Configure owner: 0:0
Size of off_t: 8
Configuration file search path is /etc/exim4/exim4.conf:/var/lib/exim4/config.autogenerated
Configuration file is /var/lib/exim4/config.autogenerated

这是段错误消息：

Sep 13 12:57:36 tornavacas kernel: exim4[12679]: segfault at 0 ip 00007fdd2d854206 sp 00007ffe23909ac8 error 4 in libc-2.28.so[7fdd2d7de000+148000]
Sep 13 12:57:36 tornavacas kernel: Code: 0f 1f 40 00 66 0f ef c0 66 0f ef c9 66 0f ef d2 66 0f ef db 48 89 f8 48 89 f9 48 81 e1 ff 0f 00 00 48 81 f9 cf 0f 00 00 77 6a <f3> 0f 6f 20 66 0f 74 e0 66 0f d7 d4 85 d2 74 04 0f bc c2 c3 48 83

这是 strace 输出的最后几行：

[pid 16595] munmap(0x7f5e7f800000, 2097152) = 0
[pid 16595] munmap(0x7f5e7df65000, 331776) = 0
[pid 16595] munmap(0x7f5e7fb1a000, 135168) = 0
[pid 16595] exit_group(1)               = ?
[pid 16595] +++ exited with 1 +++
[pid 16592] <... wait4 resumed> [{WIFEXITED(s) && WEXITSTATUS(s) == 1}], 0, NULL) = 16595
[pid 16592] --- SIGCHLD {si_signo=SIGCHLD, si_code=CLD_EXITED, si_pid=16595, si_uid=106, si_status=1, si_utime=2, si_stime=1} ---
[pid 16592] alarm(0)                    = 30
[pid 16592] rt_sigaction(SIGCHLD, {sa_handler=SIG_IGN, sa_mask=[CHLD], sa_flags=SA_RESTORER|SA_RESTART, sa_restorer=0x7f5c6ba6b840}, {sa_handler=SIG_DFL, sa_mask=[CHLD], sa_flags=SA_RESTORER|SA_RESTART, sa_restorer=0x7f5c6ba6b840}, 8) = 0
[pid 16592] --- SIGSEGV {si_signo=SIGSEGV, si_code=SEGV_MAPERR, si_addr=NULL} ---
[pid 16592] +++ killed by SIGSEGV +++
<... select resumed> )                  = ? ERESTARTNOHAND (To be restarted if no handler)
--- SIGCHLD {si_signo=SIGCHLD, si_code=CLD_KILLED, si_pid=16592, si_uid=106, si_status=SIGSEGV, si_utime=0, si_stime=1} ---
rt_sigaction(SIGCHLD, {sa_handler=SIG_DFL, sa_mask=[], sa_flags=SA_RESTORER, sa_restorer=0x7f5c6bc07730}, NULL, 8) = 0
rt_sigreturn({mask=[]})                 = -1 EINTR (Interrupted system call)
wait4(-1, [{WIFSIGNALED(s) && WTERMSIG(s) == SIGSEGV}], WNOHANG, NULL) = 16592
wait4(-1, 0x7fff60755674, WNOHANG, NULL) = -1 ECHILD (No child processes)
rt_sigaction(SIGCHLD, {sa_handler=0x55cf02123500, sa_mask=[], sa_flags=SA_RESTORER, sa_restorer=0x7f5c6bc07730}, NULL, 8) = 0
select(11, [3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10], NULL, NULL, NULL

这是我重现问题的方式：

#!/usr/bin/expect

set timeout 30
proc abort {} { exit 2 }

spawn nc tornavacas.domain.com 587
expect default abort "220 "
send "EHLO mypc\r"
expect default abort "\n250 "
send "AUTH LOGIN\r"
expect default abort "\n334 "
send "ZGlzZ3Vpc2VkQGRvbWFpbi5jb20=\r"
expect default abort "\n334 "
send "cGFzc3dvcmQ=\r"
send "MAIL FROM:[email protected]\r"
expect default abort "\n250 "
send "RCPT TO:[email protected]\r"
expect default abort "\n250 "
send "DATA\r"
expect default abort "\n354 "
send "Subject: Mensaje de prueba de Microsoft Outlook\r"
send "\r"
send "This is a multipart message in MIME format.\r"
send ".\r"
expect default abort "\n250 "
send "QUIT\r"

执行此脚本时，我得到以下输出：

../..
DATA
354 Enter message, ending with "." on a line by itself
Subject: Mensaje de prueba de Microsoft Outlook

This is a multipart message in MIME format.
.

尽管如此，如果我使用 AUTH PLAIN 发送相同的消息，它会起作用：

#!/usr/bin/expect

set timeout 30
proc abort {} { exit 2 }

spawn nc tornavacas.domain.com 587
expect default abort "220 "
send "EHLO mypc\r"
expect default abort "\n250 "
send "AUTH PLAIN AGRpc2d1aXNlZEBkb21haW4uY29tAHBhc3N3b3Jk\r"
expect default abort "\n235 "
send "MAIL FROM:[email protected]\r"
expect default abort "\n250 "
send "RCPT TO:[email protected]\r"
expect default abort "\n250 "
send "DATA\r"
expect default abort "\n354 "
send "Subject: Mensaje de prueba de Microsoft Outlook\r"
send "\r"
send "This is a multipart message in MIME format.\r"
send ".\r"
expect default abort "\n250 "
send "QUIT\r"

上述命令的输出是这样的：

DATA
354 Enter message, ending with "." on a line by itself
Subject: Mensaje de prueba de Microsoft Outlook

This is a multipart message in MIME format.
.
250 OK id=1mPk9v-0004O2-Bp

如您所见，现在电子邮件服务器使用 250 代码回复，而之前它完全没有回复，因为它死了。

问题是身份验证在这两种情况下都有效，但是当用户使用 LOGIN 方法而不是 PLAIN 方法对自己进行身份验证时，情况会发生变化。

我想支持这两种方法。您对使用 AUTH LOGIN 后可能导致段错误的原因有任何想法吗？

更新

我一直在调查更多，我发现问题的原因在 check_data ACL 中，特别是在以下代码段中：

  warn add_header = :at_start: ${authresults {$primary_hostname}}

从理论上讲，该行应该只在电子邮件中添加带有 authresults 扩展项的标题。但是，在注释掉它时，段错误并没有发生，而如果警告指令处于活动状态，它就会发生。

温暖的问候，

我想设置自己的 SMTP 服务器（仅发送邮件）来处理来自我的 Web 应用程序的所有通知邮件等

dpkg-reconfigure exim4-config

Type:                   internet site
FQDN:                   smtp.mydomain.com
SMTP listener:          127.0.0.1; ::1
Mail destinations:      Debian-Buster10; localhost
Relay:                  (empty)
Follow up screen relay: (empty)
DNS queries minimal:    No
Delivery method:        Maildir in home dir
Split conf files:       No

我通过 PHPmailer 发送邮件。它已发送但从未收到？

phpmailer

try{
    $mail = new PHPMailer(true);
    $mail->SMTPDebug    = 1;
    $mail->SMTPSecure   = 'tls';
    $mail->SMTPAutoTLS  = false;
    $mail->SMTPAuth     = true;
    $mail->SMTPOptions  = [
        'ssl' => [
            'verify_peer'       => false,
            'verify_peer_name'  => false,
            'allow_self_signed' => true
        ]
    ];
    //$mail->CharSet        = 'UTF-8';
    $mail->IsSMTP();

    $mail->Port     = 25;
    $mail->Host     = '127.0.0.1';
    $mail->Username = 'user';
    $mail->Password = 'pass';

    $mail->AddAddress('[email protected]', 'me');
    $mail->From         = '[email protected]';
    $mail->FromName     = 'me';
    $mail->Subject = 'test mail';
    $mail->Body = 'hello world';
    $mail->Send();
}
catch(phpmailerException $e){
    echo "err: ".$e->getMessage()."\n";
}

phpmailer SMTP 调试输出

2019-09-03 06:59:35 CLIENT -> SERVER: EHLO Test-Athlon-3700-2gb
2019-09-03 06:59:35 CLIENT -> SERVER: STARTTLS
2019-09-03 06:59:35 CLIENT -> SERVER: EHLO Test-Athlon-3700-2gb
2019-09-03 06:59:35 CLIENT -> SERVER: AUTH PLAIN
2019-09-03 06:59:35 CLIENT -> SERVER: AGR5bmFjY291bnQAVWF4ZDIwMDEr
2019-09-03 06:59:35 CLIENT -> SERVER: MAIL FROM:<[email protected]>
2019-09-03 06:59:35 CLIENT -> SERVER: RCPT TO:<[email protected]>
2019-09-03 06:59:35 CLIENT -> SERVER: DATA
2019-09-03 06:59:35 CLIENT -> SERVER: Date: Tue, 3 Sep 2019 06:59:35 +0000
2019-09-03 06:59:35 CLIENT -> SERVER: To: me <[email protected]>
2019-09-03 06:59:35 CLIENT -> SERVER: From: me <[email protected]>
2019-09-03 06:59:35 CLIENT -> SERVER: Subject: test mail
2019-09-03 06:59:35 CLIENT -> SERVER: Message-ID: <6ade75e609c3a3e595f324172e0d08eb@Test-Athlon-3700-2gb>
2019-09-03 06:59:35 CLIENT -> SERVER: X-Mailer: PHPMailer 5.2.14 (https://github.com/PHPMailer/PHPMailer)
2019-09-03 06:59:35 CLIENT -> SERVER: MIME-Version: 1.0
2019-09-03 06:59:35 CLIENT -> SERVER: Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1
2019-09-03 06:59:35 CLIENT -> SERVER: Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
2019-09-03 06:59:35 CLIENT -> SERVER:
2019-09-03 06:59:35 CLIENT -> SERVER: hello world
2019-09-03 06:59:35 CLIENT -> SERVER:
2019-09-03 06:59:35 CLIENT -> SERVER: .
2019-09-03 06:59:36 CLIENT -> SERVER: QUIT

我服务器上的一些进程将邮件发送到各种系统帐户，这些帐户都发送到本地计算机上的 root。我希望 root 帐户成为我的（外部）电子邮件地址的别名。我正在使用 exim4 版本 4.86_2

我在 /etc/aliases 中有以下内容：

mailer-daemon: postmaster
postmaster: root
nobody: root
hostmaster: root
usenet: root
news: root
webmaster: root
www: root
ftp: root
abuse: root
noc: root
security: root
root: [email protected]

我已经运行了“newaliases”命令，但是当我向“root”发送邮件时，它会转到 root@localdomain。

如何让服务器读取 /etc/aliases 或将系统邮件发送到外部电子邮件地址？

我有这样的 exigrep 输出。

2019-02-02 17:03:00 1gpxky-0005ky-Mk <= [email protected] U=XXXXX P=local S=14529 [email protected] T="XXXXXXXXX" for [email protected]
2019-02-02 17:03:00 1gpxky-0005ky-Mk Sender identification U=XXXXX D=XXXXX.com [email protected]
2019-02-02 17:03:00 1gpxky-0005ky-Mk SMTP connection outbound 1549123380 1gpxky-0005ky-Mk XXXXX.com [email protected]
2019-02-02 17:03:01 1gpxky-0005ky-Mk => [email protected] R=dkim_lookuphost T=dkim_remote_smtp H=gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com [XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX] X=TLSv1.2:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:128 CV=yes C="250 2.0.0 OK 1549123381 m21si11695854lfc.90 - gsmtp"
2019-02-02 17:03:01 1gpxky-0005ky-Mk Completed

2019-02-02 15:48:22 1gpwaj-00081N-5J H=mx2.XXXXX.pl [XX.XX.XX.XX]:15240 Warning: "SpamAssassin as takapara detected message as NOT spam (2.4)"
2019-02-02 15:48:22 1gpwaj-00081N-5J H=mx2.XXXXX.pl [XX.XX.XX.XX]:15240 Warning: Message has been scanned: no virus or other harmful content was found
2019-02-02 15:48:22 1gpwaj-00081N-5J <= [email protected] H=mx2.XXXX.pl [XX.XX.XX.XX]:15240 P=esmtp S=72014 id=9c38a455-1b57-404a-ae68-87ed816473a8 T="XXXXXXXXXX" for [email protected]
2019-02-02 15:48:23 1gpwaj-00081N-5J => XXXX <[email protected]> R=virtual_user T=dovecot_virtual_delivery C="250 2.0.0 <[email protected]> +A/zNratVVyfaQAADQHPYA Saved"
2019-02-02 15:48:23 1gpwaj-00081N-5J Completed

我有其中的一些——但是在完成 awk 正则表达式样式“grep”之后，我得到了所有的邮件地址（即使是在单个“块”的输出中间——例如第二个输出）

我用 awk 搜索 grep 通过第一行第 5 件事（发件人邮件地址 wo 在我的服务器上），但\n不工作。

我有这样的代码：

# cat /var/log/exim_mainlog | grep 2019-02-02 | exigrep {user_name} | awk '/^([0-9]*-[0-9]*-[0-9]*) ([0-9]*:[0-9]*:[0-9]*) ([0-9a-zA-Z]*-[0-9a-zA-Z]*-[0-9a-zA-Z]*) (<=).*\n/ {print $5}'

如何在这里定义 EOL？

谁能知道如何更改 exim 为 Unrouteable address or quota exceeded 生成的默认错误消息？

我找到了这个“自定义错误消息”，但我不知道如何使用它......

在哪里保存这些文件？

是什么意思>>>>>>> .linelength 80em？我可以/需要改变它吗？

-- 我的 exim 版本是 Debian 8 上的 4.84.2

我已将我们部门的 Debian 工作站配置为使用 Exim 4 进行邮件传递。我还创建了一个别名，以便我收到所有root电子邮件。Exim 4 配置（通过 Ansible 和 debconf）具有以下设置：

exim4_dc_eximconfig_configtype: internet
exim4_dc_readhost: …
exim4_dc_smarthost: …
exim4_dc_use_split_config: 'true'
exim4_dc_hide_mailname: 'true'
exim4_dc_mailname_in_oh: 'true'

在每台机器上，我都可以mailx用来发送电子邮件root，它会很好地显示在我的收件箱中。一些cron 作业的执行也被正确地发送给我。

但是，大多数 cron 作业都无法发送电子邮件，而是收到以下电子邮件：

This message was created automatically by mail delivery software.

A message that you sent could not be delivered to one or more of its
recipients. This is a permanent error. The following address(es) failed:

  ueding@…
    (generated from root@echo)



Reporting-MTA: dns; echo

Action: failed
Final-Recipient: rfc822;ueding@…
Status: 5.0.0



Return-path: <root@echo>
Received: from root by echo with local (Exim 4.89)
    (envelope-from <root@echo>)
    id 1f7Jqz-0007jU-7y
    for root@echo; Sat, 14 Apr 2018 14:00:25 +0200
From: root@echo (Cron Daemon)
To: root@echo
Subject: Cron <root@echo> ansible-pull -U [email protected]:…/….git --private-key /root/.ssh/ansible_pull localhost.yml
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-Cron-Env: <SHELL=/bin/sh>
X-Cron-Env: <HOME=/root>
X-Cron-Env: <PATH=/usr/bin:/bin>
X-Cron-Env: <LOGNAME=root>
Message-Id: <E1f7Jqz-0007jU-7y@echo>
Date: Sat, 14 Apr 2018 14:00:25 +0200
X-Exim-DSN-Information: Due to administrative limits only headers are returned

我真的不明白为什么会这样。要么所有电子邮件传递都失败，要么几乎全部成功。来自 cron 的电子邮件如何在大多数工作站上失败但在其他工作站上成功，而交付失败的电子邮件总是通过？

机器上有关 exim 的系统日志 echo 非常稀疏：

# journalctl -u exim4.service 
-- Logs begin at Tue 2018-03-06 18:35:11 CET, end at Sat 2018-04-14 17:13:08 CEST. --
Apr 02 18:00:30 echo systemd[1]: Starting LSB: exim Mail Transport Agent...
Apr 02 18:01:23 echo exim4[27433]: Starting MTA: exim4.
Apr 02 18:01:23 echo systemd[1]: Started LSB: exim Mail Transport Agent.

调查在一个银盘/var/log/exim4/mainlog上提供解释：

2018-04-14 14:00:25 1f7Jqz-0007jU-7y <= root@echo U=root P=local S=7948
2018-04-14 14:00:25 1f7Jqz-0007jU-7y ** ueding@… <root@echo> R=dnslookup T=remote_smtp: message is too big (transport limit = 1)
2018-04-14 14:00:25 1f7Jqz-0007jW-BM <= <> R=1f7Jqz-0007jU-7y U=Debian-exim P=local S=1856
2018-04-14 14:00:25 1f7Jqz-0007jU-7y Completed
2018-04-14 14:00:26 1f7Jqz-0007jW-BM => ueding@… <root@echo> R=dnslookup T=remote_smtp H=… […] X=TLS1.0:RSA_AES_256_CBC_SHA1:256 CV=yes DN="C=DE,ST=…,L=…,O=…,OU=…,CN=…" C="250 2.0.0 Ok: queued as 6FCA1155FC32"
2018-04-14 14:00:26 1f7Jqz-0007jW-BM Completed

错误可能是“消息太大（传输限制 = 1）”。但这仍然没有多大意义，因为我有 30 个相同配置的工作站，其中一些工作站的消息连续几天通过。每台机器的消息长度应该相同（主机名的长度除外），并且当前接收电子邮件的两台机器具有更长的名称。