我想将我的 CD 收藏数字化。最快的方法是创建一个命令，该命令拉入 CD 驱动器，调用 abcde 来翻录并自动弹出驱动器，并将该命令绑定到一个键。编写该命令所需的唯一部分是我不知道可以使用什么命令自动拉入我的 CD 驱动器，基本上是 的逆eject。有人知道这样的命令吗？
当我运行 cd-info 时，曲目列表如下所示：
CD-ROM Track List (1 - 1)
#: MSF LSN Type Green? Copy?
1: 00:02:00 000000 data false no
170: 68:17:27 307152 leadout (688 MB raw, 599 MB formatted)
LSN 是什么意思，它代表什么？我检查了手册页和谷歌，一无所获！
所以，每年的那个时候，我需要在 Windows 机器上制作一些文件的备份磁盘，我想使用 UDF 以便以后添加。它拒绝让我创建任何CD 或 DVD，因为它说磁盘是空的，需要格式化，然后不让我格式化它们......等等。它也不会让我编辑一些我知道是用 Windows 自己的实用程序制作的磁盘（Live Filesystem，它基本上也是 UDF），所以我只是眯着眼睛继续前进。（有趣的是，我可以在 Linux 中打开和修改它们……）
因此，我转到我的 Linux（Ubuntu 18.04）机器并尝试使用 mkudffs 制作一个 UDF 格式的磁盘（因为多会话磁盘完全可以正常工作，显然，至少不再 [我在 Ubuntu 14.04 天左右做了一次，但从那以后它们实际上就不能编辑了，而且测试起来很昂贵]）而且无论如何它都是优越的。
我运行了命令
mkudffs --media-type=dvd /dev/sr0
并且它转储一条错误消息“设备是只读的”（我没有确切的措辞，但这就是它所说的）。以 root 身份运行该命令并没有帮助，而且我知道这在以前是有效的。
有趣的是，Nautilus 内置的“将文件复制到磁盘并刻录”的功能运行良好。当然，检查“让磁盘打开以备将来添加”选项实际上并没有做任何事情（这并不奇怪），但它确实烧毁了我手头的文件。
现在，下一次，它不允许我对我该死的 CD 或 DVD 进行 UDF 格式化到底有什么问题？！
[我还没有用我的 DVD-RW 进行测试，但我刚刚尝试了 CD 和 DVD（使用适当的媒体类型标志）并得到了同样的错误。它们有点旧，但它们显然仍然是可写的，只是由于某种原因，mkudffs 特别是对它们有问题。]
有这张 CD-RW，我一直用它来刻录发行版的 CD。突然之间，它就像一张普通的 CD。
当我安装它时，它以这种方式安装：
- Proprietary: Root
- Access: Read only
- Group: Root
- Access: Read only
- Other: Read only
我想我可以手动将它安装为读写。这些是结果：
alex@Sargon:~$ sudo mount -o rw '/media/cdrom0'
mount: /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
我读到这个“写保护”是写在 CD-RW 上的东西，以防它在刻录时被“最终确定”，但应该可以通过擦除 CD 来消除它。想，如果我尝试这样做 via wodim，就会发生这种情况：
alex@Sargon:~$ wodim --devices
wodim: No such file or directory.
Cannot open SCSI driver!
For possible targets try 'wodim --devices' or 'wodim -scanbus'.
For possible transport specifiers try 'wodim dev=help'.
For IDE/ATAPI devices configuration, see the file README.ATAPI.setup from
the wodim documentation.
关于如何进行的想法？
编辑 2019 年 11 月 1 日至 6 日
我按照@telcoM 的说明进行操作，得到了一些结果。
我能够安装lsscsi并得到这个输出：
alex@Sargon:~$ lsscsi -g
[0:0:0:0] disk ATA ST500LT012-1DG14 SDM1 /dev/sda /dev/sg0
[1:0:0:0] cd/dvd HL-DT-ST DVDRAM GUA0N 1.00 /dev/sr0 /dev/sg1
所以wodim能够得到一些结果。在我看来，它将它识别为正确的 CD-RW 光盘：
alex@Sargon:~$ wodim dev=/dev/sg1 --prcap
wodim: Operation not permitted. Warning: Cannot raise RLIMIT_MEMLOCK limits.
Device type : Removable CD-ROM
Version : 5
Response Format: 2
Capabilities :
Vendor_info : 'HL-DT-ST'
Identification : 'DVDRAM GUA0N '
Revision : '1.00'
Device seems to be: Generic mmc2 DVD-R/DVD-RW.
Drive capabilities, per MMC-3 page 2A:
Does read CD-R media
Does write CD-R media
Does read CD-RW media
Does write CD-RW media
Does read DVD-ROM media
Does read DVD-R media
Does write DVD-R media
Does read DVD-RAM media
Does write DVD-RAM media
Does support test writing
Does read Mode 2 Form 1 blocks
Does read Mode 2 Form 2 blocks
Does read digital audio blocks
Does restart non-streamed digital audio reads accurately
Does support Buffer-Underrun-Free recording
Does read multi-session CDs
Does read fixed-packet CD media using Method 2
Does not read CD bar code
Does read R-W subcode information
Does return R-W subcode de-interleaved and error-corrected
Does read raw P-W subcode data from lead in
Does return CD media catalog number
Does return CD ISRC information
Does support C2 error pointers
Does not deliver composite A/V data
Does play audio CDs
Number of volume control levels: 256
Does support individual volume control setting for each channel
Does support independent mute setting for each channel
Does not support digital output on port 1
Does not support digital output on port 2
Loading mechanism type: tray
Does support ejection of CD via START/STOP command
Does not lock media on power up via prevent jumper
Does allow media to be locked in the drive via PREVENT/ALLOW command
Is currently in a media-locked state
Does not support changing side of disk
Does not have load-empty-slot-in-changer feature
Does not support Individual Disk Present feature
Maximum read speed: 4234 kB/s (CD 24x, DVD 3x)
Current read speed: 4234 kB/s (CD 24x, DVD 3x)
Maximum write speed: 1764 kB/s (CD 10x, DVD 1x)
Current write speed: 1764 kB/s (CD 10x, DVD 1x)
Rotational control selected: CLV/PCAV
Buffer size in KB: 512
Copy management revision supported: 1
Number of supported write speeds: 1
Write speed # 0: 1764 kB/s CLV/PCAV (CD 10x, DVD 1x)
Supported CD-RW media types according to MMC-4 feature 0x37:
Does write multi speed CD-RW media
Does write high speed CD-RW media
Does write ultra high speed CD-RW media
Does write ultra high speed+ CD-RW media
我仍然不确定此时该做什么。
与此同时，我尝试使用k3b，它也无法擦除磁盘并得到以下输出：
Devices
-----------------------
HL-DT-ST DVDRAM GUA0N 1.00 (/dev/sr0, CD-R, CD-RW, CD-ROM, DVD-ROM, DVD-R, DVD-RW, DVD-R DL, DVD+R, DVD+RW, DVD+R DL) [DVD-ROM, DVD-R Sequential, DVD-R Dual Layer Sequential, DVD-R Dual Layer Jump, DVD-RAM, DVD-RW Restricted Overwrite, DVD-RW Sequential, DVD+RW, DVD+R, DVD+R Dual Layer, CD-ROM, CD-R, CD-RW] [SAO, TAO, RAW, SAO/R96P, SAO/R96R, RAW/R16, RAW/R96P, RAW/R96R, Restricted Overwrite, Layer Jump] [%7]
System
-----------------------
K3b Version: 2.0.3
KDE Version: 4.14.26
QT Version: 4.8.7
Kernel: 4.9.0-11-amd64
Used versions
-----------------------
cdrecord: 1.1.11
cdrecord
-----------------------
scsidev: '/dev/sr0'
devname: '/dev/sr0'
scsibus: -2 target: -2 lun: -2
Linux sg driver version: 3.5.27
Wodim version: 1.1.11
SCSI buffer size: 64512
Beginning DMA speed test. Set CDR_NODMATEST environment variable if device
communication breaks or freezes immediately after that.
TOC Type: 1 = CD-ROM
Driveropts: 'burnfree'
Device type : Removable CD-ROM
Version : 5
Response Format: 2
Capabilities :
Vendor_info : 'HL-DT-ST'
Identification : 'DVDRAM GUA0N '
Revision : '1.00'
Device seems to be: Generic mmc2 DVD-R/DVD-RW.
Current: 0x000A (CD-RW)
Profile: 0x0015 (DVD-R/DL sequential recording)
Profile: 0x0016 (DVD-R/DL layer jump recording)
Profile: 0x002B (DVD+R/DL)
Profile: 0x001B (DVD+R)
Profile: 0x001A (DVD+RW)
Profile: 0x0014 (DVD-RW sequential recording)
Profile: 0x0013 (DVD-RW restricted overwrite)
Profile: 0x0012 (DVD-RAM)
Profile: 0x0011 (DVD-R sequential recording)
Profile: 0x0010 (DVD-ROM)
Profile: 0x000A (CD-RW) (current)
Profile: 0x0009 (CD-R)
Profile: 0x0008 (CD-ROM)
Profile: 0x0002 (Removable disk)
Using generic SCSI-3/mmc CD-R/CD-RW driver (mmc_cdr).
Driver flags : MMC-3 SWABAUDIO BURNFREE
Supported modes: TAO PACKET SAO SAO/R96P SAO/R96R RAW/R16 RAW/R96P RAW/R96R
Drive buf size : 362208 = 353 KB
Speed set to 1764 KB/s
Current Secsize: 2048
ATIP info from disk:
Indicated writing power: 2
Reference speed: 6
Is not unrestricted
Is erasable
Disk sub type: High speed Rewritable (CAV) media (1)
ATIP start of lead in: -11077 (97:34/23)
ATIP start of lead out: 359849 (79:59/74)
1T speed low: 4 1T speed high: 10
2T speed low: 2 2T speed high: 10
power mult factor: 2 6
recommended erase/write power: 5
A1 values: 24 2C DC
A2 values: 14 A4 4A
A3 values: 04 C4 80
Disk type: Phase change
Manuf. index: 11
Manufacturer: Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation
Starting to write CD/DVD at speed 10.0 in real BLANK mode for single session.
Last chance to quit, starting real write in 2 seconds.
1 seconds.
0 seconds. Operation starts.
Performing OPC...
Blanking PMA, TOC, pregap
Errno: 5 (Input/output error), blank unit scsi sendcmd: no error
CDB: A1 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
status: 0x2 (CHECK CONDITION)
Sense Bytes: 71 00 03 00 00 00 00 0A 00 00 00 00 51 00 00 00
Sense Key: 0x3 Medium Error, deferred error, Segment 0
Sense Code: 0x51 Qual 0x00 (erase failure) Fru 0x0
Sense flags: Blk 0 (not valid)
cmd finished after 17.009s timeout 9600s
/usr/bin/wodim: Cannot blank disk, aborting.
/usr/bin/wodim: Some drives do not support all blank types.
/usr/bin/wodim: Try again with wodim blank=all.
cdrecord command:
-----------------------
/usr/bin/wodim -v gracetime=2 dev=/dev/sr0 speed=10 -tao driveropts=burnfree blank=fast
我尝试更改权限k3bsetup并尝试将刻录组设置为alex，但它没有改变任何内容。
编辑 2 - 那天晚些时候......
我尝试wodim按照以下建议擦除磁盘：
alex@Sargon:~$ wodim dev=/dev/sg1 blank=all -force
Device type : Removable CD-ROM
Version : 5
Response Format: 2
Capabilities :
Vendor_info : 'HL-DT-ST'
Identification : 'DVDRAM GUA0N '
Revision : '1.00'
Device seems to be: Generic mmc2 DVD-R/DVD-RW.
Using generic SCSI-3/mmc CD-R/CD-RW driver (mmc_cdr).
Driver flags : MMC-3 SWABAUDIO BURNFREE
Supported modes: TAO PACKET SAO SAO/R96P SAO/R96R RAW/R16 RAW/R96P RAW/R96R
Speed set to 1764 KB/s
Waiting for drive to calm down.
Starting to write CD/DVD at speed 10.0 in real force BLANK mode for single session.
Last chance to quit, starting real write in 0 seconds. Operation starts.
Errno: 5 (Input/output error), blank unit scsi sendcmd: no error
CDB: A1 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
status: 0x2 (CHECK CONDITION)
Sense Bytes: 71 00 03 00 00 00 00 0A 00 00 00 00 51 00 00 00
Sense Key: 0x3 Medium Error, deferred error, Segment 0
Sense Code: 0x51 Qual 0x00 (erase failure) Fru 0x0
Sense flags: Blk 0 (not valid)
cmd finished after 24.064s timeout 9600s
Starting to write CD/DVD at speed 10.0 in real force BLANK mode for single session.
No chance to quit anymore. Operation starts.
Errno: 5 (Input/output error), blank unit scsi sendcmd: no error
CDB: A1 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
status: 0x2 (CHECK CONDITION)
Sense Bytes: 71 00 03 00 00 00 00 0A 00 00 00 00 51 00 00 00
Sense Key: 0x3 Medium Error, deferred error, Segment 0
Sense Code: 0x51 Qual 0x00 (erase failure) Fru 0x0
Sense flags: Blk 0 (not valid)
cmd finished after 16.381s timeout 9600s
wodim: Cannot blank disk, aborting.
我也尝试过使用root权限，但方法相同。