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ehwlt
Asked: 2025-04-23 18:30:12 +0800 CST

Mint：软件包损坏，apt/Synaptic 想要删除一半的系统

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我想安装 ausweisapp 的当前版本，它需要 Mint 21.3 仓库中没有的软件包或版本，所以我开始手动安装这些软件包及其依赖项。第三个是 libzstd1_1.5.4。之前已经安装了它的一个旧版本，现在两个都坏了。如果我尝试删除其中一个，Synaptic 和apt-get install -f许多其他软件包都会被删除，比如系统一半的软件包。Aptitude：一样。

我怎样才能只删除我手动安装的软件包而不删除其他任何东西？

sudo apt install libzstd1{,:i386}=1.4.8+dfsg-3build1返回：

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
libzstd1:i386 is already the newest version (1.4.8+dfsg-3build1).
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
  libhttp-parser2.9 libqt5qmlmodels5 libqt5qmlworkerscript5 libqt5quick5 libqt5quickcontrols2-5 libqt5quicktemplates2-5 libqt5websockets5
  qml-module-qt-labs-platform qml-module-qtgraphicaleffects qml-module-qtqml qml-module-qtqml-models2 qml-module-qtqml-statemachine qml-module-qtquick-controls
  qml-module-qtquick-controls2 qml-module-qtquick-layouts qml-module-qtquick-templates2 qml-module-qtquick-window2 qml-module-qtquick2
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
The following packages will be DOWNGRADED:
  libzstd1
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 1 downgraded, 0 to remove and 7 not upgraded.
2 not fully installed or removed.
Need to get 0 B/324 kB of archives.
After this operation, 62.5 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y
dpkg: warning: downgrading libzstd1:amd64 from 1.5.4+dfsg2-5 to 1.4.8+dfsg-3build1
(Reading database ... 686126 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../libzstd1_1.4.8+dfsg-3build1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libzstd1:amd64 (1.4.8+dfsg-3build1) over (1.5.4+dfsg2-5) ...
dpkg: error processing archive /var/cache/apt/archives/libzstd1_1.4.8+dfsg-3build1_amd64.deb (--unpack):
 trying to overwrite shared '/usr/share/doc/libzstd1/changelog.Debian.gz', which is different from other instances of package libzstd1:amd64
Errors were encountered while processing:
 /var/cache/apt/archives/libzstd1_1.4.8+dfsg-3build1_amd64.deb
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

输出dpkg：

~ $: sudo dpkg --purge libzstd1_1.5.4
dpkg: warning: ignoring request to remove libzstd1_1.5.4 which isn't installed

~ $: sudo dpkg --purge libzstd1      
dpkg: dependency problems prevent removal of libzstd1:amd64:
 systemd depends on libzstd1 (>= 1.4.0).
 squashfs-tools depends on libzstd1 (>= 1.4.0).
 rsync depends on libzstd1 (>= 1.4.0).
 plocate depends on libzstd1 (>= 1.4.0).
 mesa-vulkan-drivers:amd64 depends on libzstd1 (>= 1.4.0).
 mesa-vdpau-drivers:amd64 depends on libzstd1 (>= 1.4.0).
 mesa-va-drivers:amd64 depends on libzstd1 (>= 1.4.0).
 libxatracker2:amd64 depends on libzstd1 (>= 1.4.0).
 libtiff5:amd64 depends on libzstd1 (>= 1.4.0).
 libsystemd0:amd64 depends on libzstd1 (>= 1.4.0).
 libsereal-encoder-perl:amd64 depends on libzstd1 (>= 1.4.0).
 libsereal-decoder-perl depends on libzstd1 (>= 1.4.0).
 libqt5core5a:amd64 depends on libzstd1 (>= 1.4.0).
 libosmesa6:amd64 depends on libzstd1 (>= 1.4.0).
 libkmod2:amd64 depends on libzstd1 (>= 1.4.0).
 libgl1-mesa-dri:amd64 depends on libzstd1 (>= 1.4.0).
 libflatpak0:amd64 depends on libzstd1 (>= 1.4.0).
 libcurl4:amd64 depends on libzstd1 (>= 1.4.0).
 libcurl3-gnutls:amd64 depends on libzstd1 (>= 1.4.0).
 libboost-iostreams1.74.0:amd64 depends on libzstd1 (>= 1.4.0).
 libarchive13:amd64 depends on libzstd1 (>= 1.4.0).
 libapt-pkg6.0:amd64 depends on libzstd1 (>= 1.4.0).
 kmod depends on libzstd1 (>= 1.4.0).
 gfortran-11 depends on libzstd1 (>= 1.4.0).
 gcc-12 depends on libzstd1 (>= 1.4.0).
 gcc-11 depends on libzstd1 (>= 1.4.0).
 g++-11 depends on libzstd1 (>= 1.4.0).
 flatpak depends on libzstd1 (>= 1.4.0).
 dpkg depends on libzstd1 (>= 1.4.0).
 cpp-12 depends on libzstd1 (>= 1.4.0).
 cpp-11 depends on libzstd1 (>= 1.4.0).
 btrfs-progs depends on libzstd1 (>= 1.4.0).

dpkg: error processing package libzstd1:amd64 (--purge):
 dependency problems - not removing
Errors were encountered while processing:
 libzstd1:amd64
linux-mint

2 个回答

  1. Best Answer

    关键在于您关于与 版本一起安装的i386版本的注释。不同架构的软件包需要保持同步；如果您要升级，则需要安装和 的较新版本。libzstd1amd64libzstd1amd64i386

    要撤消您所做的操作，请重新安装 Mint 21.3 版本的软件包：

    sudo apt install libzstd1{,:i386}=1.4.8+dfsg-3build1

    一般来说，你不应该尝试安装从其他地方获取的较新的软件包。对于你的情况，更安全的做法是升级到 Linux Mint 的最新版本。

    • 7

  2. 这不是你应该做的。首先，获取依赖项并将它们放在单独的位置，例如/home/jdoe/lib，然后按如下方式启动程序：

    LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/home/jdoe/lib:/opt/something/lib:/opt/other/lib <program>

    注意：如果系统库不是受支持的版本，则主文件夹中的库可能依赖于其他库，可能需要将这些库添加到此 lib 文件夹中。

    要解决当前问题，您需要删除刚刚安装的库libzstd1_1.5.4，然后修复损坏的包：

    apt --fix-broken install

    运行需要其他发行版或版本的程序的另一种方法是使用 Docker 容器——这比第一种方法简单得多。请注意，一些较旧的 Linux 发行版（例如 Ubuntu 1804）由于内核更改而无法运行当前发行版。

    • 5

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