什么原因导致该 SSD 无法恢复？

因此，一位朋友在 1 月份打电话给我，因为他的 PC 无法启动到 Win10，每次启动时都会进入 BIOS。由于找不到启动设备，我从塔式机中取出 SSD，并用 USB 卡将其连接到我的笔记本电脑（Ubuntu 23.04）。SSD 已安装，/dev/sda但在文件管理器中不可见。

然后我：

• 使用“磁盘”检查，显示驱动器“正常”但“未知”：（此屏幕截图是现在的，但我很确定当时是一样的）
• 尝试安装它mount /dev/sda /mnt- 没有成功
• 做了 SMART 检查，具体结果我记不清了，但没什么帮助
• fdisk -l：

Disk /dev/sda: 931.51 GiB, 1000204886016 bytes, 1953525168 sectors
Disk model: PSSD T7         
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 33553920 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: 18DA2570-EC92-4A71-A1B7-346EF89B0795

• 尝试过ntfsfix /dev/sda- 没有成功
• 尝试了ddrescue -d -r3 /dev/sda /media/user/Samsung T7/copy2.img /media/user/Samsung T7/status2.log两次 - 第一次得到了一个 29.7 MB 的图像，我试图用它来恢复photorec，但没有成功：

# Mapfile. Created by GNU ddrescue version 1.27
# Command line: ddrescue -d /dev/sda /media/user/Samsung T7/copy.img /media/user/Samsung T7/status.log
# Start time:   2024-01-09 22:31:12
# Current time: 2024-01-09 22:31:12
# current_pos  current_status  current_pass
0x00000000     ?               1
#      pos        size  status
0x00000000  0x1BF2976000  ?

第二次我让它运行了 16 个小时，然后中断 - 返回了一个空的 img 文件 - 查看日志：

# Mapfile. Created by GNU ddrescue version 1.27
# Command line: ddrescue -d -r3 /dev/sda /media/nicu/Samsung T7/copy2.img /media/nicu/Samsung T7/status2.log
# Start time:   2024-01-09 22:38:33
# Current time: 2024-01-10 14:36:39
# Copying non-tried blocks... Pass 5 (forwards)
# current_pos  current_status  current_pass
0x00690000     ?               5
#      pos        size  status
0x00000000  0x00690000  *
0x00690000  0x001E0000  ?
0x00870000  0x00020000  *
0x00890000  0x00970000  ?
0x01200000  0x00020000  *
0x01220000  0x012F0000  ?
0x02510000  0x00020000  *
0x02530000  0x025F0000  ?
0x04B20000  0x00020000  *
0x04B40000  0x04BF0000  ?
0x09730000  0x00020000  *
0x09750000  0x097F0000  ?
0x12F40000  0x00020000  *
0x12F60000  0x12FF0000  ?
0x25F50000  0x00020000  *
0x25F70000  0x25FF0000  ?
0x4BF60000  0x00020000  *
0x4BF80000  0x478B0000  ?
0x93830000  0x00010000  *
0x93840000  0x478B0000  ?
0xDB0F0000  0x00010000  *
0xDB100000  0x478B0000  ?
0x1229B0000  0x00010000  *
0x1229C0000  0x478B0000  ?
0x16A270000  0x00010000  *
0x16A280000  0x478B0000  ?
0x1B1B30000  0x00010000  *
0x1B1B40000  0x478B0000  ?
0x1F93F0000  0x00010000  *
0x1F9400000  0x478B0000  ?
0x240CB0000  0x00010000  *
0x240CC0000  0x478B0000  ?
0x288570000  0x00010000  *
0x288580000  0x478B0000  ?
0x2CFE30000  0x00010000  *
0x2CFE40000  0x478B0000  ?
0x3176F0000  0x00010000  *
0x317700000  0x478B0000  ?
0x35EFB0000  0x00010000  *
0x35EFC0000  0x478B0000  ?
0x3A6870000  0x00010000  *
0x3A6880000  0x478B0000  ?
0x3EE130000  0x00010000  *
0x3EE140000  0x478B0000  ?
0x4359F0000  0x00010000  *
0x435A00000  0x478B0000  ?
0x47D2B0000  0x00010000  *
0x47D2C0000  0x478B0000  ?
0x4C4B70000  0x00010000  *
0x4C4B80000  0x478B0000  ?
0x50C430000  0x00010000  *
0x50C440000  0x478B0000  ?
0x553CF0000  0x00010000  *
0x553D00000  0x478B0000  ?
0x59B5B0000  0x00010000  *
0x59B5C0000  0x478B0000  ?
0x5E2E70000  0x00010000  *
0x5E2E80000  0x478B0000  ?
0x62A730000  0x00010000  *
0x62A740000  0x478B0000  ?
0x671FF0000  0x00010000  *
0x672000000  0x478B0000  ?
0x6B98B0000  0x00010000  *
0x6B98C0000  0x478B0000  ?
0x701170000  0x00010000  *
0x701180000  0x478B0000  ?
0x748A30000  0x00010000  *
0x748A40000  0x478B0000  ?
0x7902F0000  0x00010000  *
0x790300000  0x478B0000  ?
0x7D7BB0000  0x00010000  *
0x7D7BC0000  0x478B0000  ?
0x81F470000  0x00010000  *
0x81F480000  0x478B0000  ?
0x866D30000  0x00010000  *
0x866D40000  0x478B0000  ?
0x8AE5F0000  0x00010000  *
0x8AE600000  0x478B0000  ?
0x8F5EB0000  0x00010000  *
0x8F5EC0000  0x478B0000  ?
0x93D770000  0x00010000  *
0x93D780000  0x478B0000  ?
0x985030000  0x00010000  *
0x985040000  0x478B0000  ?
0x9CC8F0000  0x00010000  *
0x9CC900000  0x478B0000  ?
0xA141B0000  0x00010000  *
0xA141C0000  0x478B0000  ?
0xA5BA70000  0x00010000  *
0xA5BA80000  0x478B0000  ?
0xAA3330000  0x00010000  *
0xAA3340000  0x478B0000  ?
0xAEABF0000  0x00010000  *
0xAEAC00000  0x478B0000  ?
0xB324B0000  0x00010000  *
0xB324C0000  0x478B0000  ?
0xB79D70000  0x00010000  *
0xB79D80000  0x478B0000  ?
0xBC1630000  0x00010000  *
0xBC1640000  0x478B0000  ?
0xC08EF0000  0x00010000  *
0xC08F00000  0x478B0000  ?
0xC507B0000  0x00010000  *
0xC507C0000  0x478B0000  ?
0xC98070000  0x00010000  *
0xC98080000  0x478B0000  ?
0xCDF930000  0x00010000  *
0xCDF940000  0x478B0000  ?
0xD271F0000  0x00010000  *
0xD27200000  0x478B0000  ?
0xD6EAB0000  0x00010000  *
0xD6EAC0000  0x478B0000  ?
0xDB6370000  0x00010000  *
0xDB6380000  0x478B0000  ?
0xDFDC30000  0x00010000  *
0xDFDC40000  0x478B0000  ?
0xE454F0000  0x00010000  *
0xE45500000  0x478B0000  ?
0xE8CDB0000  0x00010000  *
0xE8CDC0000  0x478B0000  ?
0xED4670000  0x00010000  *
0xED4680000  0x478B0000  ?
0xF1BF30000  0x00010000  *
0xF1BF40000  0x478B0000  ?
0xF637F0000  0x00010000  *
0xF63800000  0x478B0000  ?
0xFAB0B0000  0x00010000  *
0xFAB0C0000  0x478B0000  ?
0xFF2970000  0x00010000  *
0xFF2980000  0x478B0000  ?
0x103A230000  0x00010000  *
0x103A240000  0x478B0000  ?
0x1081AF0000  0x00010000  *
0x1081B00000  0x478B0000  ?
0x10C93B0000  0x00010000  *
0x10C93C0000  0x478B0000  ?
0x1110C70000  0x00010000  *
0x1110C80000  0x478B0000  ?
0x1158530000  0x00010000  *
0x1158540000  0x478B0000  ?
0x119FDF0000  0x00010000  *
0x119FE00000  0x478B0000  ?
0x11E76B0000  0x00010000  *
0x11E76C0000  0x478B0000  ?
0x122EF70000  0x00010000  *
0x122EF80000  0x478B0000  ?
0x1276830000  0x00010000  *
0x1276840000  0x478B0000  ?
0x12BE0F0000  0x00010000  *
0x12BE100000  0x478B0000  ?
0x13059B0000  0x00010000  *
0x13059C0000  0x478B0000  ?
0x134D270000  0x00010000  *
0x134D280000  0x478B0000  ?
0x1394B30000  0x00010000  *
0x1394B40000  0x478B0000  ?
0x13DC3F0000  0x00010000  *
0x13DC400000  0x478B0000  ?
0x1423CB0000  0x00010000  *
0x1423CC0000  0x478B0000  ?
0x146B570000  0x00010000  *
0x146B580000  0x478B0000  ?
0x14B2E30000  0x00010000  *
0x14B2E40000  0x478B0000  ?
0x14FA6F0000  0x00010000  *
0x14FA700000  0x478B0000  ?
0x1541FB0000  0x00010000  *
0x1541FC0000  0x478B0000  ?
0x1589870000  0x00010000  *
0x1589880000  0x478B0000  ?
0x15D1130000  0x00010000  *
0x15D1140000  0x478B0000  ?
0x16189F0000  0x00010000  *
0x1618A00000  0x478B0000  ?
0x16602B0000  0x00010000  *
0x16602C0000  0x478B0000  ?
0x16A7B70000  0x00010000  *
0x16A7B80000  0x478B0000  ?
0x16EF430000  0x00010000  *
0x16EF440000  0x478B0000  ?
0x1736CF0000  0x00010000  *
0x1736D00000  0x478B0000  ?
0x177E5B0000  0x00010000  *
0x177E5C0000  0x478B0000  ?
0x17C5E70000  0x00010000  *
0x17C5E80000  0x478B0000  ?
0x180D730000  0x00010000  *
0x180D740000  0x478B0000  ?
0x1854FF0000  0x00010000  *
0x1855000000  0x478B0000  ?
0x189C8B0000  0x00010000  *
0x189C8C0000  0x478B0000  ?
0x18E4170000  0x00010000  *
0x18E4180000  0x478B0000  ?
0x192BA30000  0x00010000  *
0x192BA40000  0x478B0000  ?
0x19732F0000  0x00010000  *
0x1973300000  0x478B0000  ?
0x19BABB0000  0x00010000  *
0x19BABC0000  0x478B0000  ?
0x1A02470000  0x00010000  *
0x1A02480000  0x478B0000  ?
0x1A49D30000  0x00010000  *
0x1A49D40000  0x478B0000  ?
0x1A915F0000  0x00010000  *
0x1A91600000  0x478B0000  ?
0x1AD8EB0000  0x00010000  *
0x1AD8EC0000  0x478B0000  ?
0x1B20770000  0x00010000  *
0x1B20780000  0x478B0000  ?
0x1B68030000  0x00010000  *
0x1B68040000  0x478B0000  ?
0x1BAF8F0000  0x00010000  *
0x1BAF900000  0x43070000  ?
0x1BF2970000  0x00006000  *

• 切换到旧的 Win10 笔记本电脑并尝试使用“AOMEI 分区助手演示版”扫描驱动器，但它不起作用，因为发生错误或驱动器甚至无法识别（我不记得具体情况）
• 同样在 Win10 笔记本电脑上尝试使用 R-Linux 扫描驱动器，由于扇区读取错误而失败：
• 切换回 Ubuntu 笔记本电脑，并尝试使用 R-Linux - 没有成功
• 将 SSD 送到“KLDiscovery Ontrack”，在实验室进行分析（至少他们是这样告诉我们的）。然后他们写信给我们说，100% 的扇区都可以读取，但要么是填充了零，要么是某种模式，因此无法恢复数据。（过了一段时间，我不确定我们是否可以信任他们，并继续尝试。）
• 尝试dd if=/dev/sda of=dump.dd conv=noerror,sync（有关详细信息，请参阅：无法 dd 损坏的 SSD）并禁用 UAS，因为dmesg日志暗示了与此相关的一些问题。
• 再次尝试ddrescue，同样禁用 UAS 并使用另一个 caddy（RSHTECH 而不是 ugreen）。这也返回了一个 29.7 MB 的 img，photorec同样无法恢复某些内容：

user@ubuntu:~$ sudo ddrescue -d /dev/sda /home/user/Downloads/copy.img /home/user/Downloads/status.log
GNU ddrescue 1.27
Press Ctrl-C to interrupt
     ipos:  118939 MB, non-trimmed:    2276 kB,  current rate:       0 B/s
     opos:  118939 MB, non-scraped:        0 B,  average rate:    1506 B/s
non-tried:  120002 MB,  bad-sector:        0 B,    error rate:      87 B/s
  rescued:   29687 kB,   bad areas:        0,        run time:  5h 28m 28s
pct rescued:    0.02%, read errors:      109,  remaining time:         n/a
                              time since last successful read:  5h 25m 22s
Copying non-tried blocks... Pass 1 (forwards)
     ipos:   68550 kB, non-trimmed:    7495 kB,  current rate:       0 B/s
     opos:   68550 kB, non-scraped:        0 B,  average rate:     770 B/s
non-tried:  119996 MB,  bad-sector:        0 B,    error rate:     364 B/s
  rescued:   29687 kB,   bad areas:        0,        run time: 10h 41m 47s
pct rescued:    0.02%, read errors:      213,  remaining time:         n/a
                              time since last successful read: 10h 38m 41s
Copying non-tried blocks... Pass 2 (backwards)

日志：

# Mapfile. Created by GNU ddrescue version 1.27
# Command line: ddrescue /dev/sda /home/user/Downloads/copy.img /home/user/Downloads/status.log
# Start time:   2024-11-18 10:48:16
# Current time: 2024-11-18 17:43:51
# Copying non-tried blocks... Pass 5 (forwards)
# current_pos  current_status  current_pass
0x02590000     ?               5
#      pos        size  status
0x00000000  0x01C50000  +
0x01C50000  0x00940000  *
0x02590000  0x008C0000  ?
0x02E50000  0x00020000  *
0x02E70000  0x012F0000  ?
0x04160000  0x00020000  *
0x04180000  0x025F0000  ?
0x06770000  0x00020000  *
0x06790000  0x04BF0000  ?
0x0B380000  0x00020000  *
0x0B3A0000  0x097F0000  ?
0x14B90000  0x00020000  *
0x14BB0000  0x12FF0000  ?
0x27BA0000  0x00020000  *
0x27BC0000  0x25FF0000  ?
0x4DBB0000  0x00020000  *
0x4DBD0000  0x478B0000  ?
0x95480000  0x00010000  *
0x95490000  0x478B0000  ?
0xDCD40000  0x00010000  *
0xDCD50000  0x478B0000  ?
0x124600000  0x00010000  *
0x124610000  0x478B0000  ?
0x16BEC0000  0x00010000  *
0x16BED0000  0x478B0000  ?
0x1B3780000  0x00010000  *
0x1B3790000  0x478B0000  ?
0x1FB040000  0x00010000  *
0x1FB050000  0x478B0000  ?
0x242900000  0x00010000  *
0x242910000  0x478B0000  ?
0x28A1C0000  0x00010000  *
0x28A1D0000  0x478B0000  ?
0x2D1A80000  0x00010000  *
0x2D1A90000  0x478B0000  ?
0x319340000  0x00010000  *
0x319350000  0x478B0000  ?
0x360C00000  0x00010000  *
0x360C10000  0x478B0000  ?
0x3A84C0000  0x00010000  *
0x3A84D0000  0x478B0000  ?
0x3EFD80000  0x00010000  *
0x3EFD90000  0x478B0000  ?
0x437640000  0x00010000  *
0x437650000  0x478B0000  ?
0x47EF00000  0x00010000  *
0x47EF10000  0x478B0000  ?
0x4C67C0000  0x00010000  *
0x4C67D0000  0x478B0000  ?
0x50E080000  0x00010000  *
0x50E090000  0x478B0000  ?
0x555940000  0x00010000  *
0x555950000  0x478B0000  ?
0x59D200000  0x00010000  *
0x59D210000  0x478B0000  ?
0x5E4AC0000  0x00010000  *
0x5E4AD0000  0x478B0000  ?
0x62C380000  0x00010000  *
0x62C390000  0x478B0000  ?
0x673C40000  0x00010000  *
0x673C50000  0x478B0000  ?
0x6BB500000  0x00010000  *
0x6BB510000  0x478B0000  ?
0x702DC0000  0x00010000  *
0x702DD0000  0x478B0000  ?
0x74A680000  0x00010000  *
0x74A690000  0x478B0000  ?
0x791F40000  0x00010000  *
0x791F50000  0x478B0000  ?
0x7D9800000  0x00010000  *
0x7D9810000  0x478B0000  ?
0x8210C0000  0x00010000  *
0x8210D0000  0x478B0000  ?
0x868980000  0x00010000  *
0x868990000  0x478B0000  ?
0x8B0240000  0x00010000  *
0x8B0250000  0x478B0000  ?
0x8F7B00000  0x00010000  *
0x8F7B10000  0x478B0000  ?
0x93F3C0000  0x00010000  *
0x93F3D0000  0x478B0000  ?
0x986C80000  0x00010000  *
0x986C90000  0x478B0000  ?
0x9CE540000  0x00010000  *
0x9CE550000  0x478B0000  ?
0xA15E00000  0x00010000  *
0xA15E10000  0x478B0000  ?
0xA5D6C0000  0x00010000  *
0xA5D6D0000  0x478B0000  ?
0xAA4F80000  0x00010000  *
0xAA4F90000  0x478B0000  ?
0xAEC840000  0x00010000  *
0xAEC850000  0x478B0000  ?
0xB34100000  0x00010000  *
0xB34110000  0x478B0000  ?
0xB7B9C0000  0x00010000  *
0xB7B9D0000  0x478B0000  ?
0xBC3280000  0x00010000  *
0xBC3290000  0x478B0000  ?
0xC0AB40000  0x00010000  *
0xC0AB50000  0x478B0000  ?
0xC52400000  0x00010000  *
0xC52410000  0x478B0000  ?
0xC99CC0000  0x00010000  *
0xC99CD0000  0x478B0000  ?
0xCE1580000  0x00010000  *
0xCE1590000  0x478B0000  ?
0xD28E40000  0x00010000  *
0xD28E50000  0x478B0000  ?
0xD70700000  0x00010000  *
0xD70710000  0x478B0000  ?
0xDB7FC0000  0x00010000  *
0xDB7FD0000  0x478B0000  ?
0xDFF880000  0x00010000  *
0xDFF890000  0x478B0000  ?
0xE47140000  0x00010000  *
0xE47150000  0x478B0000  ?
0xE8EA00000  0x00010000  *
0xE8EA10000  0x478B0000  ?
0xED62C0000  0x00010000  *
0xED62D0000  0x478B0000  ?
0xF1DB80000  0x00010000  *
0xF1DB90000  0x478B0000  ?
0xF65440000  0x00010000  *
0xF65450000  0x478B0000  ?
0xFACD00000  0x00010000  *
0xFACD10000  0x478B0000  ?
0xFF45C0000  0x00010000  *
0xFF45D0000  0x478B0000  ?
0x103BE80000  0x00010000  *
0x103BE90000  0x478B0000  ?
0x1083740000  0x00010000  *
0x1083750000  0x478B0000  ?
0x10CB000000  0x00010000  *
0x10CB010000  0x478B0000  ?
0x11128C0000  0x00010000  *
0x11128D0000  0x478B0000  ?
0x115A180000  0x00010000  *
0x115A190000  0x478B0000  ?
0x11A1A40000  0x00010000  *
0x11A1A50000  0x478B0000  ?
0x11E9300000  0x00010000  *
0x11E9310000  0x478B0000  ?
0x1230BC0000  0x00010000  *
0x1230BD0000  0x478B0000  ?
0x1278480000  0x00010000  *
0x1278490000  0x478B0000  ?
0x12BFD40000  0x00010000  *
0x12BFD50000  0x478B0000  ?
0x1307600000  0x00010000  *
0x1307610000  0x478B0000  ?
0x134EEC0000  0x00010000  *
0x134EED0000  0x478B0000  ?
0x1396780000  0x00010000  *
0x1396790000  0x478B0000  ?
0x13DE040000  0x00010000  *
0x13DE050000  0x478B0000  ?
0x1425900000  0x00010000  *
0x1425910000  0x478B0000  ?
0x146D1C0000  0x00010000  *
0x146D1D0000  0x478B0000  ?
0x14B4A80000  0x00010000  *
0x14B4A90000  0x478B0000  ?
0x14FC340000  0x00010000  *
0x14FC350000  0x478B0000  ?
0x1543C00000  0x00010000  *
0x1543C10000  0x478B0000  ?
0x158B4C0000  0x00010000  *
0x158B4D0000  0x478B0000  ?
0x15D2D80000  0x00010000  *
0x15D2D90000  0x478B0000  ?
0x161A640000  0x00010000  *
0x161A650000  0x478B0000  ?
0x1661F00000  0x00010000  *
0x1661F10000  0x478B0000  ?
0x16A97C0000  0x00010000  *
0x16A97D0000  0x478B0000  ?
0x16F1080000  0x00010000  *
0x16F1090000  0x478B0000  ?
0x1738940000  0x00010000  *
0x1738950000  0x478B0000  ?
0x1780200000  0x00010000  *
0x1780210000  0x478B0000  ?
0x17C7AC0000  0x00010000  *
0x17C7AD0000  0x478B0000  ?
0x180F380000  0x00010000  *
0x180F390000  0x478B0000  ?
0x1856C40000  0x00010000  *
0x1856C50000  0x478B0000  ?
0x189E500000  0x00010000  *
0x189E510000  0x478B0000  ?
0x18E5DC0000  0x00010000  *
0x18E5DD0000  0x478B0000  ?
0x192D680000  0x00010000  *
0x192D690000  0x478B0000  ?
0x1974F40000  0x00010000  *
0x1974F50000  0x478B0000  ?
0x19BC800000  0x00010000  *
0x19BC810000  0x478B0000  ?
0x1A040C0000  0x00010000  *
0x1A040D0000  0x478B0000  ?
0x1A4B980000  0x00010000  *
0x1A4B990000  0x478B0000  ?
0x1A93240000  0x00010000  *
0x1A93250000  0x478B0000  ?
0x1ADAB00000  0x00010000  *
0x1ADAB10000  0x478B0000  ?
0x1B223C0000  0x00010000  *
0x1B223D0000  0x478B0000  ?
0x1B69C80000  0x00010000  *
0x1B69C90000  0x478B0000  ?
0x1BB1540000  0x00010000  *
0x1BB1550000  0x41420000  ?
0x1BF2970000  0x00006000  *

dmesg：

[Sa Nov 16 22:35:01 2024] I/O error, dev sda, sector 11924992 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x800 phys_seg 13 prio class 2
[Sa Nov 16 22:38:02 2024] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 timing out command, waited 180s
[Sa Nov 16 22:38:02 2024] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_OK cmd_age=180s
[Sa Nov 16 22:38:02 2024] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 Sense Key : Not Ready [current] 
[Sa Nov 16 22:38:02 2024] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 Add. Sense: Logical unit is in process of becoming ready
[Sa Nov 16 22:38:02 2024] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 00 92 30 00 00 00 61 00
[Sa Nov 16 22:38:02 2024] I/O error, dev sda, sector 9580544 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x800 phys_seg 13 prio class 2
[Sa Nov 16 22:41:02 2024] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 timing out command, waited 180s
[Sa Nov 16 22:41:02 2024] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_OK cmd_age=180s
[Sa Nov 16 22:41:02 2024] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 Sense Key : Not Ready [current] 
[Sa Nov 16 22:41:02 2024] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 Add. Sense: Logical unit is in process of becoming ready
[Sa Nov 16 22:41:02 2024] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 00 6e 6a 00 00 00 61 00
[Sa Nov 16 22:41:02 2024] I/O error, dev sda, sector 7236096 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x800 phys_seg 13 prio class 2
[Sa Nov 16 22:44:03 2024] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 timing out command, waited 180s
[Sa Nov 16 22:44:03 2024] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_OK cmd_age=180s
[Sa Nov 16 22:44:03 2024] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 Sense Key : Not Ready [current] 
[Sa Nov 16 22:44:03 2024] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 Add. Sense: Logical unit is in process of becoming ready
[Sa Nov 16 22:44:03 2024] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 00 4a a4 00 00 00 61 00
[Sa Nov 16 22:44:03 2024] I/O error, dev sda, sector 4891648 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x800 phys_seg 13 prio class 2
[Sa Nov 16 22:47:04 2024] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 timing out command, waited 180s
[Sa Nov 16 22:47:04 2024] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_OK cmd_age=180s
[Sa Nov 16 22:47:04 2024] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 Sense Key : Not Ready [current] 
[Sa Nov 16 22:47:04 2024] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 Add. Sense: Logical unit is in process of becoming ready
[Sa Nov 16 22:47:04 2024] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 00 26 dd 80 00 00 80 00
[Sa Nov 16 22:47:04 2024] I/O error, dev sda, sector 2547072 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x800 phys_seg 16 prio class 2
[Sa Nov 16 22:50:04 2024] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 timing out command, waited 180s
[Sa Nov 16 22:50:04 2024] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_OK cmd_age=180s
[Sa Nov 16 22:50:04 2024] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 Sense Key : Not Ready [current] 
[Sa Nov 16 22:50:04 2024] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 Add. Sense: Logical unit is in process of becoming ready
[Sa Nov 16 22:50:04 2024] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 00 13 dd 00 00 00 80 00
[Sa Nov 16 22:50:04 2024] I/O error, dev sda, sector 1301760 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x800 phys_seg 16 prio class 2
[Sa Nov 16 22:53:05 2024] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 timing out command, waited 180s
[Sa Nov 16 22:53:05 2024] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_OK cmd_age=180s
[Sa Nov 16 22:53:05 2024] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 Sense Key : Not Ready [current] 
[Sa Nov 16 22:53:05 2024] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 Add. Sense: Logical unit is in process of becoming ready
[Sa Nov 16 22:53:05 2024] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 00 0a 5c 80 00 00 80 00
[Sa Nov 16 22:53:05 2024] I/O error, dev sda, sector 679040 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x800 phys_seg 16 prio class 2
[Sa Nov 16 22:56:06 2024] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 timing out command, waited 180s
[Sa Nov 16 22:56:06 2024] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_OK cmd_age=180s
[Sa Nov 16 22:56:06 2024] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 Sense Key : Not Ready [current] 
[Sa Nov 16 22:56:06 2024] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 Add. Sense: Logical unit is in process of becoming ready
[Sa Nov 16 22:56:06 2024] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 00 05 9c 00 00 00 80 00
[Sa Nov 16 22:56:06 2024] I/O error, dev sda, sector 367616 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x800 phys_seg 16 prio class 2
[Sa Nov 16 22:59:06 2024] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 timing out command, waited 180s
[Sa Nov 16 22:59:06 2024] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_OK cmd_age=180s
[Sa Nov 16 22:59:06 2024] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 Sense Key : Not Ready [current] 
[Sa Nov 16 22:59:06 2024] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 Add. Sense: Logical unit is in process of becoming ready

• photorec直接在SSD上 尝试：

所以现在我放弃了（除非有人有其他想法）。我现在的问题是：SSD 上的数据是否可能突然被清零或填充某种模式（如 Ontrack 所说）？是我尝试了某些东西/工具而导致问题，还是这种情况可能之前已经发生过？当然，我知道这很难说，但我至少想尝试了解可能发生了什么。SSD（Kingston SA400S37/120G，SBFK71E0）已使用 10 多年，我的朋友在启动问题发生之前安装了一台新路由器，因此不得不将一些设备插入/拔出到与 PC 连接的同一插座。是否有可能是某些电压峰值导致了这个问题？

谢谢您的帮助！

编辑：
感谢@telcoM！
控制器很可能由于 SSD 的内部错误而阻止访问，这就是它被标识为 SATAFIRM S11 的原因。这似乎是那些金士顿型号的已知问题。恢复某些数据的唯一机会似乎是使用“PC-3000”。

有关更多详细信息，请参阅：
https://www.elektroda.com/rtvforum/topic3859967.html
https://youtu.be/xvBJzIo_PTk

剩下的唯一奇怪的事情是 Ontrack 忽略了或者没有意识到这是一个控制器问题而不是清零数据。