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Terry
Asked: 2024-06-23 05:49:46 +0800 CST

在 zsh 中增加文件名

  • 772

我正在尝试用 zsh (Linux Mint 21.3 “Virginia”) 编写一个脚本，将文件从 $source 移动（或复制）到 $target，但结果却令人困惑。我使用 yad 文件对话框来选择文件并命名目标目录。我能做到的最好的就是只将最终选择复制到空目标。

以下是整个脚本


setopt -x
setopt -v
autoload -Uz zmv

# WARNING Just because two or more files from different sources have identical names does not mean 
#that the files are identical.


declare -a array
array=$(yad --width=600 --height=800 \
--title="Choose files to move." \
--file --multiple --separator='\n') 
echo $array

target=$(yad --width=600 --height=800 \
--title="Choose destination." \
--file --directory)
echo "target="$target

# The file you wish to move may already exist in the target directory. 
# If you do not want to overwrite it you can use
# mv -n
# mv --no-clobber
# or 
# mv --backup=numbered
# Clumsy, but better than nothing, and doesn't give me what I want.
# That is why I wrote this script, it adds an incremented number to the name.
# eg <movie>.<ext>
# eg <movie>_copy1.<ext>
# eg <movie>_copy2.<ext>
# Yes, I could use brackets but they are illegal characters and I have a renamer
# that would remove them.

# You can't just use <filename>.$ext to check if the file exists in target because
# you'll miss any existing copies. You have to account for iteration.
for filename in $array; do
unset x
# decompose filename
# just name without path 
filename=$filename:t
echo
echo
echo "filename="$filename
echo
echo
# name without extension
shortname=${filename%.*}
echo "shortname="$shortname
echo
echo
# extension
ext=${filename##*.}
echo
echo
echo "ext="$ext

# The key here is to rename the file (if necessary) BEFORE copying it to target instead 
# of after.
#   Does file already exist in $target? Count them.
x=$(find $target -iname "$shortname*.$ext" | wc -c)
echo
echo
echo "x="$x

# If no file exists, move to target.
# If one file exists then $x will return "1". Think of it as
# <filename>_copy0.<ext>,
# this makes the file you wish to move
# <filename>_copy1.<ext>, - the value of $x.

case $x in
    0) cp $filename $target
    sleep .2
    ;;
    *) mv $filename $shortname_copy$x.$ext
    cp $filename $target
    sleep .2
    ;;
esac
    done
    exit 0

这是使用相同参数两次运行脚本的终端输出。

+/home/revision-6/bin/cpi:4> setopt -v
autoload -Uz zmv
+/home/revision-6/bin/cpi:5> autoload -Uz zmv

# WARNING Just because two or more files from different sources have identical names does not mean 
#that the files are identical.


declare -a array
+/home/revision-6/bin/cpi:11> declare -a array
array=$(yad --width=600 --height=800 \
--title="Choose files to move." \
--file --multiple --separator='\n') 
+/home/revision-6/bin/cpi:12> array=+/home/revision-6/bin/cpi:12> yad '--width=600' '--height=800' '--title=Choose files to move.' --file --multiple '--separator=\n'

(yad:3962282): dbind-WARNING **: 15:34:42.076: Couldn't connect to accessibility bus: Failed to connect to socket /root/.cache/at-spi/bus_0.0: Permission denied
+/home/revision-6/bin/cpi:12> array=$'/home/revision-6/Videos/betty_boop_a_song_a_day_1936.mkv\n/home/revision-6/Videos/betty_boop_is_my_palm_read_1932.mkv\n/home/revision-6/Videos/betty_boop_more_pep_1936.mkv' 
echo $array
+/home/revision-6/bin/cpi:15> echo $'/home/revision-6/Videos/betty_boop_a_song_a_day_1936.mkv\n/home/revision-6/Videos/betty_boop_is_my_palm_read_1932.mkv\n/home/revision-6/Videos/betty_boop_more_pep_1936.mkv'
/home/revision-6/Videos/betty_boop_a_song_a_day_1936.mkv
/home/revision-6/Videos/betty_boop_is_my_palm_read_1932.mkv
/home/revision-6/Videos/betty_boop_more_pep_1936.mkv

target=$(yad --width=600 --height=800 \
--title="Choose destination." \
--file --directory)
+/home/revision-6/bin/cpi:17> target=+/home/revision-6/bin/cpi:17> yad '--width=600' '--height=800' '--title=Choose destination.' --file --directory

(yad:3962312): dbind-WARNING **: 15:34:54.949: Couldn't connect to accessibility bus: Failed to connect to socket /root/.cache/at-spi/bus_0.0: Permission denied
+/home/revision-6/bin/cpi:17> target=/home/revision-6/video_processing 
echo "target="$target
+/home/revision-6/bin/cpi:20> echo 'target=/home/revision-6/video_processing'
target=/home/revision-6/video_processing

# The file you wish to move may already exist in the target directory. 
# If you do not want to overwrite it you can use
# mv -n
# mv --no-clobber
# or 
# mv --backup=numbered
# Clumsy, but better than nothing, and doesn't give me what I want.
# That is why I wrote this script, it adds an incremented number to the name.
# eg <movie>.<ext>
# eg <movie>_copy1.<ext>
# eg <movie>_copy2.<ext>
# Yes, I could use brackets but they are illegal characters and I have a renamer
# that would remove them.

# You can't just use <filename>.$ext to check if the file exists in target because
# you'll miss any existing copies. You have to account for iteration.
for filename in $array; do
unset x
# decompose filename
# just name without path 
filename=$filename:t
echo
echo
echo "filename="$filename
echo
echo
# name without extension
shortname=${filename%.*}
echo "shortname="$shortname
echo
echo
# extension
ext=${filename##*.}
echo
echo
echo "ext="$ext

# The key here is to rename the file (if necessary) BEFORE copying it to target instead 
# of after.
#   Does file already exist in $target? Count them.
x=$(find $target -iname "$shortname*.$ext" | wc -c)
echo
echo
echo "x="$x

# If no file exists, move to target.
# If one file exists then $x will return "1". Think of it as
# <filename>_copy0.<ext>,
# this makes the file you wish to move
# <filename>_copy1.<ext>, - the value of $x.

case $x in
    0) cp $filename $target
    sleep .2
    ;;
    *) mv $filename $shortname_copy$x.$ext
    cp $filename $target
    sleep .2
    ;;
esac
    done
+/home/revision-6/bin/cpi:38> filename=/home/revision-6/Videos/betty_boop_a_song_a_day_1936.mkv
/home/revision-6/Videos/betty_boop_is_my_palm_read_1932.mkv
/home/revision-6/Videos/betty_boop_more_pep_1936.mkv
+/home/revision-6/bin/cpi:39> unset x
+/home/revision-6/bin/cpi:42> filename=betty_boop_more_pep_1936.mkv 
+/home/revision-6/bin/cpi:43> echo

+/home/revision-6/bin/cpi:44> echo

+/home/revision-6/bin/cpi:45> echo 'filename=betty_boop_more_pep_1936.mkv'
filename=betty_boop_more_pep_1936.mkv
+/home/revision-6/bin/cpi:46> echo

+/home/revision-6/bin/cpi:47> echo

+/home/revision-6/bin/cpi:49> shortname=betty_boop_more_pep_1936 
+/home/revision-6/bin/cpi:50> echo 'shortname=betty_boop_more_pep_1936'
shortname=betty_boop_more_pep_1936
+/home/revision-6/bin/cpi:51> echo

+/home/revision-6/bin/cpi:52> echo

+/home/revision-6/bin/cpi:54> ext=mkv 
+/home/revision-6/bin/cpi:55> echo

+/home/revision-6/bin/cpi:56> echo

+/home/revision-6/bin/cpi:57> echo 'ext=mkv'
ext=mkv
+/home/revision-6/bin/cpi:62> x=+/home/revision-6/bin/cpi:62> find /home/revision-6/video_processing -iname 'betty_boop_more_pep_1936*.mkv'
+/home/revision-6/bin/cpi:62> x=+/home/revision-6/bin/cpi:62> wc -c
+/home/revision-6/bin/cpi:62> x=0 
+/home/revision-6/bin/cpi:63> echo

+/home/revision-6/bin/cpi:64> echo

+/home/revision-6/bin/cpi:65> echo 'x=0'
x=0
+/home/revision-6/bin/cpi:73> case 0 (0)
+/home/revision-6/bin/cpi:74> cp betty_boop_more_pep_1936.mkv /home/revision-6/video_processing
+/home/revision-6/bin/cpi:75> sleep .2
    exit 0
+/home/revision-6/bin/cpi:83> exit 0
revision-6@revision6-NYI3 ~/Videos
 % cpi
+/home/revision-6/bin/cpi:4> setopt -v
autoload -Uz zmv
+/home/revision-6/bin/cpi:5> autoload -Uz zmv

# WARNING Just because two or more files from different sources have identical names does not mean 
#that the files are identical.


declare -a array
+/home/revision-6/bin/cpi:11> declare -a array
array=$(yad --width=600 --height=800 \
--title="Choose files to move." \
--file --multiple --separator='\n') 
+/home/revision-6/bin/cpi:12> array=+/home/revision-6/bin/cpi:12> yad '--width=600' '--height=800' '--title=Choose files to move.' --file --multiple '--separator=\n'

(yad:3962420): dbind-WARNING **: 15:35:35.029: Couldn't connect to accessibility bus: Failed to connect to socket /root/.cache/at-spi/bus_0.0: Permission denied
+/home/revision-6/bin/cpi:12> array=$'/home/revision-6/Videos/betty_boop_a_song_a_day_1936.mkv\n/home/revision-6/Videos/betty_boop_is_my_palm_read_1932.mkv\n/home/revision-6/Videos/betty_boop_more_pep_1936.mkv' 
echo $array
+/home/revision-6/bin/cpi:15> echo $'/home/revision-6/Videos/betty_boop_a_song_a_day_1936.mkv\n/home/revision-6/Videos/betty_boop_is_my_palm_read_1932.mkv\n/home/revision-6/Videos/betty_boop_more_pep_1936.mkv'
/home/revision-6/Videos/betty_boop_a_song_a_day_1936.mkv
/home/revision-6/Videos/betty_boop_is_my_palm_read_1932.mkv
/home/revision-6/Videos/betty_boop_more_pep_1936.mkv

target=$(yad --width=600 --height=800 \
--title="Choose destination." \
--file --directory)
+/home/revision-6/bin/cpi:17> target=+/home/revision-6/bin/cpi:17> yad '--width=600' '--height=800' '--title=Choose destination.' --file --directory

(yad:3962450): dbind-WARNING **: 15:35:43.654: Couldn't connect to accessibility bus: Failed to connect to socket /root/.cache/at-spi/bus_0.0: Permission denied
+/home/revision-6/bin/cpi:17> target=/home/revision-6/video_processing 
echo "target="$target
+/home/revision-6/bin/cpi:20> echo 'target=/home/revision-6/video_processing'
target=/home/revision-6/video_processing

# The file you wish to move may already exist in the target directory. 
# If you do not want to overwrite it you can use
# mv -n
# mv --no-clobber
# or 
# mv --backup=numbered
# Clumsy, but better than nothing, and doesn't give me what I want.
# That is why I wrote this script, it adds an incremented number to the name.
# eg <movie>.<ext>
# eg <movie>_copy1.<ext>
# eg <movie>_copy2.<ext>
# Yes, I could use brackets but they are illegal characters and I have a renamer
# that would remove them.

# You can't just use <filename>.$ext to check if the file exists in target because
# you'll miss any existing copies. You have to account for iteration.
for filename in $array; do
unset x
# decompose filename
# just name without path 
filename=$filename:t
echo
echo
echo "filename="$filename
echo
echo
# name without extension
shortname=${filename%.*}
echo "shortname="$shortname
echo
echo
# extension
ext=${filename##*.}
echo
echo
echo "ext="$ext

# The key here is to rename the file (if necessary) BEFORE copying it to target instead 
# of after.
#   Does file already exist in $target? Count them.
x=$(find $target -iname "$shortname*.$ext" | wc -c)
echo
echo
echo "x="$x

# If no file exists, move to target.
# If one file exists then $x will return "1". Think of it as
# <filename>_copy0.<ext>,
# this makes the file you wish to move
# <filename>_copy1.<ext>, - the value of $x.

case $x in
    0) cp $filename $target
    sleep .2
    ;;
    *) mv $filename $shortname_copy$x.$ext
    cp $filename $target
    sleep .2
    ;;
esac
    done
+/home/revision-6/bin/cpi:38> filename=/home/revision-6/Videos/betty_boop_a_song_a_day_1936.mkv
/home/revision-6/Videos/betty_boop_is_my_palm_read_1932.mkv
/home/revision-6/Videos/betty_boop_more_pep_1936.mkv
+/home/revision-6/bin/cpi:39> unset x
+/home/revision-6/bin/cpi:42> filename=betty_boop_more_pep_1936.mkv 
+/home/revision-6/bin/cpi:43> echo

+/home/revision-6/bin/cpi:44> echo

+/home/revision-6/bin/cpi:45> echo 'filename=betty_boop_more_pep_1936.mkv'
filename=betty_boop_more_pep_1936.mkv
+/home/revision-6/bin/cpi:46> echo

+/home/revision-6/bin/cpi:47> echo

+/home/revision-6/bin/cpi:49> shortname=betty_boop_more_pep_1936 
+/home/revision-6/bin/cpi:50> echo 'shortname=betty_boop_more_pep_1936'
shortname=betty_boop_more_pep_1936
+/home/revision-6/bin/cpi:51> echo

+/home/revision-6/bin/cpi:52> echo

+/home/revision-6/bin/cpi:54> ext=mkv 
+/home/revision-6/bin/cpi:55> echo

+/home/revision-6/bin/cpi:56> echo

+/home/revision-6/bin/cpi:57> echo 'ext=mkv'
ext=mkv
+/home/revision-6/bin/cpi:62> x=+/home/revision-6/bin/cpi:62> find /home/revision-6/video_processing -iname 'betty_boop_more_pep_1936*.mkv'
+/home/revision-6/bin/cpi:62> x=+/home/revision-6/bin/cpi:62> wc -c
+/home/revision-6/bin/cpi:62> x=63 
+/home/revision-6/bin/cpi:63> echo

+/home/revision-6/bin/cpi:64> echo

+/home/revision-6/bin/cpi:65> echo 'x=63'
x=63
+/home/revision-6/bin/cpi:73> case 63 (0)
+/home/revision-6/bin/cpi:73> case 63 (*)
+/home/revision-6/bin/cpi:77> mv betty_boop_more_pep_1936.mkv 63.mkv
+/home/revision-6/bin/cpi:78> cp betty_boop_more_pep_1936.mkv /home/revision-6/video_processing
cp: cannot stat 'betty_boop_more_pep_1936.mkv': No such file or directory
+/home/revision-6/bin/cpi:79> sleep .2
    exit 0
+/home/revision-6/bin/cpi:83> exit 0

在我看来，这个逻辑似乎有效。在移动文件之前，计算目标中的迭代次数并重命名文件，但我想我的 shell 脚本编写能力不足以胜任这项任务。欢迎任何帮助。

linux

1 个回答

  1. Best Answer

    zsh使用s 强大的通配符语法代替findand可能会更容易wc。试试这个：

    #!/usr/bin/env zsh
setopt extendedglob

nextFilename() {
    local fqp=${1:?}
    local -a fileCopies=( ${fqp:r}(_copy<->|).${fqp:e}(#qNn) )
    local latestCopy=${fileCopies[-1]}

    if [[ -z $latestCopy ]]; then
        # no matching files at destination, use original filename
        print -r -- $fqp
    elif [[ $latestCopy == (#b)(*)_copy(<->)(.${fqp:e}) ]]; then
        # matching filename with _copyN, add one to number
        print -r -- ${match[1]}_copy$((${match[2]}+1))${match[3]}
    else
        # only has filename without a copy number, use _copy1
        print -r -- ${fqp:r}_copy1.${fqp:e}
    fi
}

    关键声明如下：

    local -a fileCopies=( ${fqp:r}(_copy<->|).${fqp:e}(#qNn) )

    它从目标目录中创建与源文件名的模式匹配的排序文件名数组。

    • ${fqp:r}- 文件路径的根目录。它包含目录和名称的前导部分，即除扩展名之外的所有内容。
    • (_copy<->|)- _copyN，或者什么都没有（例如fname.ext或fname_copy14.ext）。<->是任意数字的 glob 模式。
    • ${fqp:e}- 文件扩展名。
    • (#qNn)- 一组修改行为的 glob 限定符
      • #q- 表示这个括号内的表达式包含 glob 限定符。
      • N- 允许空 glob，这样零匹配就不会出现错误。
      • n- 为该扩展启用 NUMERIC_GLOB_SUBST，以便结果按数字排序。使用此选项，一组名称（如）f1 f11 f2将按排序f1 f2 f11。同一位置没有数字的文件名（如fname.ext和）fname_copy1.ext仍将按词汇顺序排序，但这是我们想要的顺序，因此不需要特殊处理。

    对数组进行排序后，数组中的最后一个值 (index -1) 将是编号最高的文件名，因此我们可以使用它来确定下一步该做什么。使用这种技术的一个优点是它可以处理编号中的间隙；基于计数的算法可能会因此而出错。

    使用/测试：

    >> destDir=./dest
>> ls -l $destDir/*
-rw-r--r--  1 me  staff  0 Jun 23 07:40 ./dest/filename.txt
-rw-r--r--  1 me  staff  0 Jun 23 07:40 ./dest/filename_copy1.txt
-rw-r--r--  1 me  staff  0 Jun 23 07:40 ./dest/filename_copy11.txt
-rw-r--r--  1 me  staff  0 Jun 23 07:40 ./dest/filename_copy2.txt
-rw-r--r--  1 me  staff  0 Jun 23 07:40 ./dest/onefile.txt

>> srcFile=./src/filename.txt
>> cp -v $srcFile $(nextFilename $destDir/${srcFile:t})
./src/filename.txt -> ./dest/filename_copy12.txt

>> srcFile=./src/nodestfile.txt
>> cp -v $srcFile $(nextFilename $destDir/${srcFile:t})
./src/nodestfile.txt -> ./dest/nodestfile.txt

>> srcFile=onefile.txt
>> cp -v $srcFile $(nextFilename $destDir/${srcFile:t})
./src/onefile.txt -> ./dest/onefile_copy1.txt

    我们可以使用此函数来构建一个循环遍历文件名数组的脚本：

    #!/usr/bin/env zsh
setopt extendedglob

#####
local sourceFilePattern='~/src/*.mp4'
vared -eh -p "Source Filename or Pattern > " sourceFilePattern
if ((${ret::=$?})); then
    print "vared returned $ret; exiting ..."
    exit 1
fi
# expand the pattern
local -a sourceFilenames=( ${~sourceFilePattern} )

#####
local destDir='~/dest'
vared -eh -p "Target directory > " destDir
if ((${ret::=$?})); then
    print "vared returned $ret; exiting ..."
    exit 1
fi
# expand '~', '*', etc.
local -a destDirArray=( ${~destDir} )
if ((${#destDirArray} > 1)); then
    print "Found more than one match for directory pattern $destDir"
    print "exiting ..."
    exit 1
fi
destDir=${destDirArray[1]}
if [[ ! -d $destDir ]]; then
    print "Target $destDir does not exist or is not a directory."
    print "exiting ..."
    exit 1
fi

#####
print
print "Source file pattern: ${sourceFilePattern}"
print "Source file count:   ${#sourceFilenames}"
print "Destination:         ${destDir}"
if ! read -q '?proceed (y/n)? '; then
    print;print "exiting ..."
    exit 1
fi
print

#####
nextFilename() {
    # copy from above
}
for src in "${sourceFilenames[@]}"; do
    # use the source file basename to determine the next name
    local dest=$(nextFilename $destDir/${src:t})
    print
    print "Executing: cp -v $src $dest"
    print "  Source directory: ${src:h}"
    print "  Source name:      ${src:t}"
    print "  Target directory: ${dest:h}"
    print "  Target name:      ${dest:t}"
    cp -v "$src" "$dest"
done
    • 4

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