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Accepted
Ahmad Ismail
Asked: 2023-07-09 10:01:30 +0800 CST

提取方括号内并以逗号分隔的数据

  • 772

我有这样的数据：

['/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom0/', '/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom1/', '/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom2/', '/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom3/', '/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom4/', '/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom5/', '/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom6/', '/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom7/', '/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom8/', '/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom9/']

我希望每个值每行一个不带引号的值（以便我可以将其传送到另一个命令），例如：

/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom0/
/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom1/
....

awk -F'[][]' '{print $2}'删除方括号。我不明白如何进一步进行。

awk

2 个回答

  1. Best Answer

    您可以删除前导['、尾随并用换行符']替换所有内容，然后删除我看到的用于表示空字符串列表的或行（其中前缀指定该数组是一个字符串数组）。', '[]@as []gsettings@asas

    gsettings get some-path some-array-key... |
  sed "/^@as \[\]\$/d
       /^\[\]\$/d
       s/^\['//
       s/'\]\$//
       s/', '/\\
/g"

    使用 GNU sed，上面最后一个命令中替换中的换行符s可以表示为\n而不是\后面跟着文字换行符。

    如果不是空列表的'...'替代"..."和那个@as前缀，那将是一个有效的 JSON 数组，所以你也可以这样做：

    gsettings get some-path some-array-key |
  sed "y/'/\"/; s/^@as //" |
  jq -r '.[]'

    gsettings请注意，这些都不适用于任意字符串数组，因为它们没有考虑可以通过以下方式完成的转义：

    $ gsettings list-recursively  | grep '\\'
org.freedesktop.ibus.panel.emoji favorites ['\u200b']
org.gnome.evolution.shell filename-illegal-chars "'\"&`();|<>$%{}!"

    （我们甚至可以看到它切换到"..."最后一种情况，其中字符串值包含 a '，在这种情况下使其成为正确的 JSON 字符串）。

    $ gsettings set org.gnome.seahorse last-search-text $'\1\xa\U10FFFF\'\"\\'
$ gsettings get org.gnome.seahorse last-search-text
"\u0001\n\U0010ffff'\"\\"

    该格式似乎是https://developer-old.gnome.org/glib/stable/gvariant-text.html中描述的格式

    该JSON:PP perl模块支持使用单引号分隔符的 JSON 字符串，因此您可以使用它来提取和解码任何 GVariant 对象中的任何单引号或双引号字符串，如下所示：

    gsettings any-path any-key |
  perl -C -MJSON::PP -lne '
    BEGIN{
      $j = JSON::PP->new->allow_singlequote
    }
    print $j->decode($_) for
      /'\''(?:\\.|[^\\'\''])*'\''|"(?:\\.|[^\\"])*"/g'

    正则表达式找到一对'...'或"..."（允许内部转义引号或反斜杠），并将其传递给 JSON 解码器。忽略JSON:PP 会阻塞为 AFAICT 的 , 字节串，b'...'将其输出为。b"..."gsettings[byte 0xHH, 0xHH...]

    • 7

  2. 使用 GNU grep-o并假设引用的字符串不包含任何字符][ ,'或换行符：

    $ grep -Eo "[^][ ,']+" file
/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom0/
/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom1/
/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom2/
/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom3/
/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom4/
/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom5/
/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom6/
/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom7/
/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom8/
/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom9/

    否则使用任何 awk 并允许'在引用的字符串中使用除换行符之外的任何字符：

    $ awk -F"'" '{for (i=2; i<NF; i+=2) print $i}' file
/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom0/
/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom1/
/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom2/
/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom3/
/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom4/
/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom5/
/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom6/
/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom7/
/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom8/
/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom9/
    • 0

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