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stormctr2
Asked: 2022-01-16 11:30:37 +0800 CST

如何基于单个键列合并两个文件并自动修复固定列并填充缺失的数据

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我有两组文件，它们试图合并到一个文件中并填写相关的缺失数据。

文件都是,分隔的

第一个文件包含 13 列，第 8 列包含YYYY-MM-DD格式的日期（注意：此文件缺少 44 天。第二个文件是 2 列，第一个是完整的日历年（闰年 366 天）YYYY-MM-DD格式，而第二个是相关的儒略日期值。

缺少天数的示例文件 #1

06,037,0016,42101,34.14435,-117.85036,1-HOUR,2020-01-26,Parts-per-million,24,100.0,0.379167,10
06,037,0016,42101,34.14435,-117.85036,1-HOUR,2020-01-27,Parts-per-million,24,100.0,0.2875,10
06,037,0016,42101,34.14435,-117.85036,1-HOUR,2020-01-28,Parts-per-million,11,46.0,0.163636,10
06,037,0016,42101,34.14435,-117.85036,1-HOUR,2020-01-30,Parts-per-million,20,83.0,0.23,10
06,037,0016,42101,34.14435,-117.85036,1-HOUR,2020-01-31,Parts-per-million,24,100.0,0.195833,10

我尝试使用以下命令来尝试将文件合并在一起并创建一个包含 14 列的新文件，因为填写了缺失的日期并添加了儒略日期。我还在寻找代码以从初始文件中自动填充第 1-7 列和第 9 列的固定值，并在-999缺少此数据的情况下填充第 10-13 列。

awk -F ',' 'NR==FNR {h[$1] = $14; next} {print $1,$2,$3,$4,$5,$6,$7,$8,h[$2],$9,$10,$11,$12,$13}' temp2.tmp temp1.tmp  > temp3.tmp

06,037,0016,42101,34.14435,-117.85036,1-HOUR,2020-01-26,26,Parts-per-million,24,100.0,0.379167,10
06,037,0016,42101,34.14435,-117.85036,1-HOUR,2020-01-27,27,Parts-per-million,24,100.0,0.2875,10
06,037,0016,42101,34.14435,-117.85036,1-HOUR,2020-01-28,28,Parts-per-million,11,46.0,0.163636,10
**06,037,0016,42101,34.14435,-117.85036,1-HOUR,2020-01-29,29,Parts-per-million,-999,-999,-999,-999**
06,037,0016,42101,34.14435,-117.85036,1-HOUR,2020-01-30,30,Parts-per-million,20,83.0,0.23,10
06,037,0016,42101,34.14435,-117.85036,1-HOUR,2020-01-31,31,Parts-per-million,24,100.0,0.195833,10
awk text-processing

1 个回答

  1. Best Answer

    现在，日期时间计算总是一件……困难的事情。特别是。如果日期时间序列跨越午夜、月末或年末，或夏令时切换。在这里，为了安全起见，我们使用纪元秒。使用命令转换回日期date时间可能不适用于所有 *nix 风格。而且，我们将TZ变量设置为“UTC”以避免 DST 问题。试试没有，你会看到。来吧，试试：

    export TZ=UTC                                                       # get rid of side effects, e.g. DST switching

cut -d, -f8 samplefile | date -f- +%s | paste - samplefile > TMP1   # prepend epoch seconds to the input file

{ read MIN DUMMY                                                    # get file´s MIN and MAX dates
  while read TMP DUMMY           
     do MAX=$TMP
     done                                                           # and calculate a sequence of days between them
     eval echo @{$MIN..$MAX..86400} | tr ' ' $'\n' | date -f- +$'%s\t%Y-%m-%d\t%y%j'
} < TMP1 > TMP2                                                     # in epoch, yyyy-mm-dd, and julian format

join -a1 -a2 -- TMP1 TMP2 | awk -F"[, ]" '                          # join first and second intermediate files
NF == 3         {split($0, TMPINS)                                  # orig. files line missing; fill temp array with epoch etc. data
                 $0  = SAVED                                        # get last saved complete line
                 $9  = TMPINS[2]                                    # overwrite "yesterday´s" date 
                 $NF = TMPINS[3]                                    # append julian date
                 $11 = $12 = $13 = $14 = -999                       # set invalid indicator
                }
NF >= 13        {SAVED = $0                                         # correct line? save it
                 $1 = $1                                            # recreate line with OFS char
                }

                {sub($1",",_)                                       # for all lines: remove leading epoch field
                 $14 = $15                                          # put julian date into right place
                 NF--                                               # get rid of last field; may not work in ALL awks
                }
1                                                                   # default action: print
' OFS=","
06,037,0016,42101,34.14435,-117.85036,1-HOUR,2020-01-26,Parts-per-million,24,100.0,0.379167,10,20026
06,037,0016,42101,34.14435,-117.85036,1-HOUR,2020-01-27,Parts-per-million,24,100.0,0.2875,10,20027
06,037,0016,42101,34.14435,-117.85036,1-HOUR,2020-01-28,Parts-per-million,11,46.0,0.163636,10,20028
06,037,0016,42101,34.14435,-117.85036,1-HOUR,2020-01-29,Parts-per-million,-999,-999,-999,-999,20029
06,037,0016,42101,34.14435,-117.85036,1-HOUR,2020-01-30,Parts-per-million,20,83.0,0.23,10,20030

    在 FIFO 的帮助下，整个事情可以写在一个冗长的命令管道上：

    mkfifo TMPFIFO
cut -d, -f8 samplefile | date -f- +%s | tee -a >(read MIN; while read TMP; do MAX=$TMP; done; eval echo @{$MIN..$MAX..86400} | tr ' ' $'\n' > TMPFIFO) | paste - samplefile | join -a1 -a2 -- - <(date -fTMPFIFO +$'%s\t%Y-%m-%d\t%y%j') | awk -F"[, ]" 'NF == 3 {split($0, TMPINS); $0 = SAVED; $9 = TMPINS[2]; $NF = TMPINS[3]; $11 = $12 = $13 = $14 = -999} NF >= 13 {SAVED = $0; $1 = $1} {sub($1",",_); $14 = $15; NF--} 1' OFS=","
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