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samshers
Asked: 2021-12-29 09:37:35 +0800 CST

为什么`ps e`显示的进程比`ps`多？

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从ps手册页：

默认情况下，ps 选择与当前用户具有相同有效用户 ID (euid=EUID) 并与调用者关联的所有进程。

在我的 Ubuntu 系统上，ps没有任何标志的输出如下，符合预期：

$ ps
  PID TTY          TIME CMD
 6444 pts/11   00:00:00 bash
14605 pts/11   00:00:00 ps

现在再次从psOUTPUT MODIFIERS 的手册页：

e      Show the environment after the command.

但是当我尝试时ps e，我会列出更多进程：

$ ps e
  PID TTY      STAT   TIME COMMAND
   85 pts/1    Ss+    0:00 -bash HOSTTYPE=x86_64 LANG=C.UTF-8 PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games:
  100 pts/2    Ss+    0:00 -bash HOSTTYPE=x86_64 LANG=C.UTF-8 PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games:
  115 pts/3    Ss+    0:00 -bash HOSTTYPE=x86_64 LANG=C.UTF-8 PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games:
  130 pts/4    Ss+    0:00 -bash HOSTTYPE=x86_64 LANG=C.UTF-8 PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games:
  146 pts/5    Ss+    0:00 -bash HOSTTYPE=x86_64 LANG=C.UTF-8 PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games:
  174 pts/6    Ss+    0:00 -bash HOSTTYPE=x86_64 LANG=C.UTF-8 PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games:
 2988 pts/9    Ss     0:01 -bash HOSTTYPE=x86_64 LANG=C.UTF-8 PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games:
 3477 pts/9    S+     0:00 vi stepniak.json SHELL=/bin/bash WSL_DISTRO_NAME=Ubuntu-20.04 WT_SESSION=55c420c4-12cf-4f4c-b957-b0b42e2777b8 JAVA_HOME=/home/myr
 4513 pts/0    Ss+    0:02 -bash HOSTTYPE=x86_64 LANG=C.UTF-8 PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games:
 4540 pts/7    Ss+    0:00 -bash HOSTTYPE=x86_64 LANG=C.UTF-8 PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games:
 5653 pts/10   Ss+    0:01 -bash HOSTTYPE=x86_64 LANG=C.UTF-8 PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games:
 6444 pts/11   Ss     0:00 -bash HOSTTYPE=x86_64 LANG=C.UTF-8 PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games:
 7942 pts/12   Ss     0:00 -bash HOSTTYPE=x86_64 LANG=C.UTF-8 PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games:
17962 pts/12   Sl     0:03 /home/myroot/jdk-11.0.2/bin/java -classpath /mnt/c/k8s-developer/maven-3.6.3/boot/plexus-classworlds-2.6.0.jar -Dclassworlds.conf
17997 pts/11   R+     0:00 ps e SHELL=/bin/bash WSL_DISTRO_NAME=Ubuntu-20.04 WT_SESSION=7e85f66b-c77a-42da-8782-c0912c196b46 JAVA_HOME=/home/myroot/jdk-11.0
24958 pts/12   Sl     1:05 java -jar myapp.jar SHELL=/bin/bash WSL_DISTRO_NAME=Ubuntu-20.04 WT_SESSION=d9a61855-27fe-4757-a7c9-a38f38fe7fc7 JAVA
25185 pts/12   S+     0:03 tail -f nohup.out SHELL=/bin/bash WSL_DISTRO_NAME=Ubuntu-20.04 WT_SESSION=d9a61855-27fe-4757-a7c9-a38f38fe7fc7 JAVA_HOME=/home/my

据我了解，e它是一个 OUTPUT 修饰符，它不应更改用于选择进程的标准（通常使用-e、a等来完成）。

那么为什么ps e列出的进程多于ps？

注意： ps -f或ps -F按预期工作 -

$ ps -F
UID        PID  PPID  C    SZ   RSS PSR STIME TTY          TIME CMD
myroot    6444  6443  0  4333 12404   2 00:25 pts/11   00:00:00 -bash
myroot   19976  6444  0  2655  3340   7 23:05 pts/11   00:00:00 ps -F

我的操作系统信息：

$ cat /etc/*rel*
DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu
DISTRIB_RELEASE=20.04
DISTRIB_CODENAME=focal
DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTS"
NAME="Ubuntu"
VERSION="20.04.3 LTS (Focal Fossa)"
ID=ubuntu
ID_LIKE=debian
PRETTY_NAME="Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTS"
VERSION_ID="20.04"
HOME_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/"
SUPPORT_URL="https://help.ubuntu.com/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/"
PRIVACY_POLICY_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/legal/terms-and-policies/privacy-policy"
VERSION_CODENAME=focal
UBUNTU_CODENAME=focal
ps

1 个回答

  1. Best Answer

    ps e使用 BSD 风格的选项（遵循procps命名法），并且这个

    还将更改进程选择以包括您拥有的其他终端 (TTY) 上的进程

    该e选项本身不会更改选择，但会更改为默认选择包括当前和其他终端上的所有进程的模式。

    其他 BSD 风格的输出控制选项具有相同的效果。参见例如ps l或ps u。

    • 3

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