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Porcupine
Asked: 2019-08-07 08:40:11 +0800 CST

仅查找包含与文件夹同名的文件的文件夹

  • 772

我想找到所有包含同名（和扩展名.md）的降价文件的子文件夹。

例如：我想查找以下子文件夹：

Apple/Banana/Orange      #Apple/Banana/Orange/Orange.md exists
Apple/Banana             #Apple/Banana/Banana.md exists
Apple/Banana/Papaya      #Apple/Banana/Papaya/Papaya.md exists
  • 注意：目录中可以有其他文件或子目录。

有什么建议么？

可以使用以下代码测试问题的解决方案：

#!/usr/bin/env bash
# - goal: "Test"
# - author: Nikhil Agarwal
# - date: Wednesday, August 07, 2019
# - status: P T' (P: Prototyping, T: Tested)
# - usage: ./Test.sh
# - include:
#   1.
# - refer:
#   1. [directory - Find only those folders that contain a File with the same name as the Folder - Unix & Linux Stack Exchange](https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/534190/find-only-those-folders-that-contain-a-file-with-the-same-name-as-the-folder)
# - formatting:
#   shellcheck disable=
#clear

main() {
    TestData
    ExpectedOutput
    TestFunction "${1:?"Please enter a test number, as the first argument, to be executed!"}"
}

TestFunction() {
    echo "Test Function"
    echo "============="
    "Test${1}"
    echo ""
}

Test1() {
    echo "Description: Thor"
    find . -type f -regextype egrep -regex '.*/([^/]+)/\1\.md$' | sort
    echo "Observation: ${Green:=}Pass, but shows filepath instead of directory path${Normal:=}"
}

Test2() {
    echo "Description: Kusalananda1"
    find . -type d -exec sh -c '
    dirpath=$1
    set -- "$dirpath"/*.md
    [ -f "$dirpath/${dirpath##*/}.md" ] && [ "$#" -eq 1 ]' sh {} \; -print | sort
    echo "Observation: ${Red:=}Fails as it ignores B.md${Normal:=}"
}

Test3() {
    echo "Description: Kusalananda2"
    find . -type d -exec sh -c '
    for dirpath do
        set -- "$dirpath"/*.md
        if [ -f "$dirpath/${dirpath##*/}.md" ] && [ "$#" -eq 1 ]
        then
            printf "%s\n" "$dirpath"
        fi
    done' sh {} + | sort
    echo "Observation: ${Red:=}Fails as it ignores B.md${Normal:=}"
}

Test4() {
    echo "Description: steeldriver1"
    find . -type d -exec sh -c '[ -f "$1/${1##*/}.md" ]' find-sh {} \; -print | sort
    echo "Observation: ${Green:=}Pass${Normal:=}"
}

Test5() {
    echo "Description: steeldriver2"
    find . -type d -exec sh -c '
  for d do
    [ -f "$d/${d##*/}.md" ] && printf "%s\n" "$d"
  done' find-sh {} + | sort
    echo "Observation: ${Green:=}Pass${Normal:=}"
}

Test6() {
    echo "Description: Stéphane Chazelas"
    find . -name '*.md' -print0 \
        | gawk -v RS='\0' -F/ -v OFS=/ '
    {filename = $NF; NF--
     if ($(NF)".md" == filename) include[$0]
     else exclude[$0]
    }
    END {for (i in include) if (!(i in exclude)) print i}'
    echo "Observation: ${Red:=}Fails as it ignores B.md${Normal:=}"
}

Test7() {
    echo "Description: Zach"
    #shellcheck disable=2044
    for fd in $(find . -type d); do
        dir=${fd##*/}
        if [ -f "${fd}/${dir}.md" ]; then
            ls "${fd}/${dir}.md"
        fi
    done
    echo "Observation: ${Green:=}Pass but shows filepath instead of directory${Normal:=}"
}
ExpectedOutput() {
    echo "Expected Output"
    echo "==============="
    cat << EOT
./GeneratedTest/A
./GeneratedTest/A/AA
./GeneratedTest/B
./GeneratedTest/C/CC1
./GeneratedTest/C/CC2
EOT
}

TestData() {
    rm -rf GeneratedTest

    mkdir -p GeneratedTest/A/AA
    touch GeneratedTest/index.md
    touch GeneratedTest/A/A.md
    touch GeneratedTest/A/AA/AA.md

    mkdir -p GeneratedTest/B
    touch GeneratedTest/B/B.md
    touch GeneratedTest/B/index.md

    mkdir -p GeneratedTest/C/CC1
    touch GeneratedTest/C/index.md
    touch GeneratedTest/C/CC1/CC1.md

    mkdir -p GeneratedTest/C/CC2
    touch GeneratedTest/C/CC2/CC2.md

    mkdir -p GeneratedTest/C/CC3
    touch GeneratedTest/C/CC3/CC.md

    mkdir -p GeneratedTest/C/CC4
}
main "$@"
find directory

6 个回答

  1. Best Answer

    假设您的文件命名合理，即不需要-print0等。您可以使用 GNU find 执行此操作，如下所示：

    find . -type f -regextype egrep -regex '.*/([^/]+)/\1\.md$'

    输出：

    ./Apple/Banana/Orange/Orange.md
./Apple/Banana/Papaya/Papaya.md
./Apple/Banana/Banana.md

    如果您只想要目录名称，请添加一个-printf参数：

    find . -type f -regextype egrep -regex '.*/([^/]+)/\1\.md$' -printf '%h\n'

    在更新的测试数据上运行时的输出：

    GeneratedTest/A/AA
GeneratedTest/A
GeneratedTest/C/CC2
GeneratedTest/C/CC1
GeneratedTest/B
    • 12 
  2. find . -type d -exec sh -c '
    dirpath=$1
    set -- "$dirpath"/*.md
    [ -f "$dirpath/${dirpath##*/}.md" ] && [ "$#" -eq 1 ]' sh {} \; -print

    以上将找到当前目录下的所有目录（包括当前目录），并为每个目录执行一个简短的 shell 脚本。

    shell 代码会测试目录中是否存在与目录同名的 markdown 文件，以及这是否是该*.md目录中唯一的名称。如果存在这样的文件并且它是唯一的*.md名称，则内联 shell 脚本将以零退出状态退出。否则，它会以非零退出状态（信号失败）退出。

    该set -- "$dirpath"/*.md位将位置参数设置为与模式匹配的路径名列表（匹配目录中带有后缀.md的任何名称）。然后我们可以稍后使用$#来查看我们从中获得了多少匹配项。

    如果 shell 脚本成功退出，-print将打印找到的目录的路径。

    使用较少调用内联脚本的稍微更快的版本，但这并不能让您对找到的路径名find本身做更多的事情（内联脚本可能会进一步扩展）：

    find . -type d -exec sh -c '
    for dirpath do
        set -- "$dirpath"/*.md
        [ -f "$dirpath/${dirpath##*/}.md" ] &&
        [ "$#" -eq 1 ] &&
        printf "%s\n" "$dirpath"
    done' sh {} +

    相同的命令，但不关心.md目录中是否有其他文件：

    find . -type d -exec sh -c '
    dirpath=$1
    [ -f "$dirpath/${dirpath##*/}.md" ]' sh {} \; -print

    find . -type d -exec sh -c '
    for dirpath do
        [ -f "$dirpath/${dirpath##*/}.md" ] &&
        printf "%s\n" "$dirpath"
    done' sh {} +

    也可以看看：

    • 6

  3. 在 GNU 系统上，您可以执行以下操作：

    find . -name '*.md' -print0 |
  gawk -v RS='\0' -F/ -v OFS=/ '
    {filename = $NF; NF--
     if ($(NF)".md" == filename) include[$0]
     else exclude[$0]
    }
    END {for (i in include) if (!(i in exclude)) print i}'
    • 6

  4. 任何一个

    find . -type d -exec sh -c '[ -f "$1/${1##*/}.md" ]' find-sh {} \; -print

    或者

    find . -type d -exec sh -c '
  for d do
    [ -f "$d/${d##*/}.md" ] && printf "%s\n" "$d"
  done' find-sh {} +

    避免sh每个文件运行一个。

    这find-sh是一个任意字符串，它成为 shell 的第零个位置参数$0- 让它成为令人难忘的东西可能有助于调试，以防 shell 遇到错误（其他人可能建议使用普通sh甚至_作为默认的“跳过”参数）。

    • 4

  5. 这是我的。我添加了一些更多的目录和文件来验证。我也很无聊，所以我添加了最后修改时间和MD5。也许您正在寻找重复项。

    GREEN='\033[0;32m'
RED='\033[0;31m'
NC='\033[0m'

mkdir -pv {Pear,Grape,Raisin,Plaintain}/{DragonFruit,Nababa,Strawberry,Grape,Raisin}
touch {Pear,Grape,Raisin,Plaintain}/{DragonFruit,Nababa,Strawberry,Grape,Raisin}/{Strawberry,Grape,Raisin}.md

for dir in $(find ./ -type d)
do
    dirname="${dir##*/}"
    fname="${dirname}.md"
    if [ -f "${dir}/${fname}" ]
    then
        STAT=$(stat --printf="%y %s" "${dir}/${fname}")
        STAT="${STAT:0:19}"
        MD5=$(md5sum "${dir}/${fname}")
        MD5="${MD5:0:32}"
        printf "${GREEN}%-60s${NC}%-40s%-40s\n" "'${dir}/${fname}' exists" "$STAT" "$MD5"
    else
        echo -e "${RED}'${dir}/${fname}' doesn't exist${NC}"
    fi
done

'.//.md' doesn't exist
'./Raisin/Raisin.md' doesn't exist
'./Raisin/Raisin/Raisin.md' exists                          2019-08-07 19:54:09      a3085274bf23c52c58dd063faba0c36a
'./Raisin/Nababa/Nababa.md' doesn't exist
'./Raisin/Strawberry/Strawberry.md' exists                  2019-08-07 19:54:09      3d2eca1d4a3c539527cb956affa8b807
'./Raisin/Grape/Grape.md' exists                            2019-08-07 19:54:09      f577b20f93a51286423c1d8973973f01
'./Raisin/DragonFruit/DragonFruit.md' doesn't exist
'./Pear/Pear.md' doesn't exist
'./Pear/Raisin/Raisin.md' exists                            2019-08-07 19:54:09      61387f5d87f125923c2962b389b0dd67
'./Pear/Nababa/Nababa.md' doesn't exist
'./Pear/Strawberry/Strawberry.md' exists                    2019-08-07 19:54:09      02c9e39ba5b77954082a61236f786d34
'./Pear/Grape/Grape.md' exists                              2019-08-07 19:54:09      43e85d5651cac069bba8ba36e754079d
'./Pear/DragonFruit/DragonFruit.md' doesn't exist
'./Apple/Apple.md' doesn't exist
'./Apple/Banana/Banana.md' exists                           2019-08-07 19:54:09      a605268f3314411ec360d7e0dd234960
'./Apple/Banana/Papaya/Papaya.md' exists                    2019-08-07 19:54:09      e759a879942fe986397e52b7ba21a9ff
'./Apple/Banana/Orange/Orange.md' exists                    2019-08-07 19:54:09      127618fe9ab73937836b809fa0593572
'./Plaintain/Plaintain.md' doesn't exist
'./Plaintain/Raisin/Raisin.md' exists                       2019-08-07 19:54:09      13ed6460f658ca9f7d222ad3d07212a2
'./Plaintain/Nababa/Nababa.md' doesn't exist
'./Plaintain/Strawberry/Strawberry.md' exists               2019-08-07 19:54:09      721d7a5a32f3eacf4b199b74d78b91f0
'./Plaintain/Grape/Grape.md' exists                         2019-08-07 19:54:09      0bdaff592bbd9e2ed5fac5a992bb3566
'./Plaintain/DragonFruit/DragonFruit.md' doesn't exist
'./Grape/Grape.md' doesn't exist
'./Grape/Raisin/Raisin.md' exists                           2019-08-07 19:54:09      aa5d4c970e7b4b6dc35cd16d1863b5bb
'./Grape/Nababa/Nababa.md' doesn't exist
'./Grape/Strawberry/Strawberry.md' exists                   2019-08-07 19:54:09      8b02f8273bbff1bb3162cb088813e0c9
'./Grape/Grape/Grape.md' exists                             2019-08-07 19:54:09      5593d7d6fdcbb48ab5901ba30469bbe8
    • 0

  6. 这需要一点逻辑。

    for fd in `find . -type d`; do
  dir=${fd##*/}
  if [ -f ${fd}/${dir}.md ]; then
    ls ${fd}/${dir}.md
  fi
done

    您还可以通过使用代码块将其调整为适合单行。

    编辑：Bash 很难。basedir不是命令，dirname没有做我认为的那样，所以让我们进行参数扩展。

    • -1

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