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Accepted
peti27
Asked: 2019-03-18 08:32:41 +0800 CST

将 awk 命令转为 awk 脚本（多 F）

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我有一个工作命令

awk  -F '[)#/(:]' 'BEGIN  { fw="";dev=""} {if ($0~/sh failover/) fw=$1 ; if (($0~/This host/)||($0~/Other host/)) dev=$2; if ($0~/\)\:/) {print $2,$1,fw, dev} }' OFS="|" test_data

我想把它变成一个脚本。这样做时...

#!/bin/sh
awk '
BEGIN  {F='[)#/(:]'; FS = "\n"; RS = ""; OFS = "|";fw="";dev=""} 
{
    if ($0~/sh failover/) fw=$1 ; 
    if (($0~/This host/)||($0~/Other host/)) dev=$2; 
    if ($0~/\)\:/) {
        print $2,$1,fw, dev
        } 
}' test_data

... F='[)#/(:]' 导致错误。

[...srv01]$ ./test
./test: line 3: syntax error near unexpected token `)'
./test: line 3: `BEGIN  {F='[)#/(:]'; FS = "\n"; RS = ""; OFS = "|";fw="";dev=""} '
[...srv01]$

当更改为双引号时，它将 twp 双引号之间的所有内容作为分隔符，因此将查找 )#/(: 而不是)或#或/或(或:

这是test_data的文件内容

[...srv01]$ cat test_data
JoeASA# sh failover | i \)\:|host
        This host: Primary - Active
                  admin Interface management (313.13.0.13): Normal (Monitored)
                  DMZ-FW Interface Inside (310.13.19.7): Normal (Not-Monitored)
                  DMZ-FW Interface Outside-Zone2 (912.168.119.7): Normal (Not-Monitored)
                  ENET Interface OUTSIDE(912.168.191.7): Normal (Not-Monitored)
                  ENET Interface dmarc (912.168.192.7): Normal (Not-Monitored)
                  GW Interface Extranet (912.168.23.27): Normal (Not-Monitored)
                  GW Interface Outside-Zone (912.168.123.27): Normal (Not-Monitored)
                  GW Interface management (331.1.1.47): Normal (Not-Monitored)
        Other host: Secondary - Standby Ready
                  admin Interface management (313.13.0.12): Normal (Monitored)
                  DMZ-FW Interface Inside (310.13.19.6): Normal (Not-Monitored)
                  DMZ-FW Interface Outside-Zone2 (912.168.119.6): Normal (Not-Monitored)
                  ENET Interface OUTSIDE(912.168.191.6): Normal (Not-Monitored)
                  ENET Interface dmarc (912.168.192.6): Normal (Not-Monitored)
                  GW Interface Extranet (912.168.23.26): Normal (Not-Monitored)
                  GW Interface Outside-Zone (912.168.123.26): Normal (Not-Monitored)
                  GW Interface management (331.1.1.46): Normal (Not-Monitored)          
SIMPLEASA1/sec/act#  sh failover | i \)\:|host
        This host: Secondary - Active
                  Interface Edge (912.168.22.17): Normal (Monitored)
                  Interface Inside (310.13.19.17): Normal (Monitored)
                  Interface EXT (912.168.50.17): Normal (Monitored)
                  Interface WIFI (912.168.11.17): Normal (Monitored)
        Other host: Primary - Standby Ready
                  Interface Edge (912.168.22.16): Normal (Monitored)
                  Interface Inside (310.13.19.16): Normal (Monitored)
                  Interface EXT (912.168.50.16): Normal (Monitored)
                  Interface WIFI (912.168.11.16): Normal (Monitored)                      
[..srv01]$
awk scripting

1 个回答

  1. Best Answer

    您将脚本作为来自 shell 的单引号字符串传递给 awk，但脚本中似乎也有单引号。他们实际上结束了引用的字符串：

    awk 'BEGIN  {F='[)#/(:]'; FS = "\n"; RS = ""; OFS = "|";fw="";dev=""} 
                ^^^^^^^ not quoted

    shell 看到一个 unquoted )，这会导致语法错误。并不是说您无论如何都想在 awk 脚本中使用单引号，它们将是awk中的语法错误。因此，请改用双引号，就像您对其他作业所做的那样，它们很好地适合 shell 中的单引号，并且实际上可以在 awk 代码中工作：

    awk 'BEGIN { foo="bar"; ...}'

    然后，请注意-Fawk 的选项所做的是设置字段分隔符，即变量FS，而不是F。因此，您想要BEGIN { FS="[)#/(:]"; ...，并且您可能也不想更改默认记录分隔符RS- 至少您没有在上面的单行中更改它。

    此外，您可以跳过 shell，直接让 awk 成为该脚本的解释器，而不是将 awk 脚本放在 shell 脚本中（假设您的 awk 在 at /usr/bin/awk）：

    #!/usr/bin/awk -f
BEGIN { FS="[)#/(:]"; OFS="|"; fw=""; dev=""} 
{
    if ( $0 ~ /sh failover/ ) fw=$1 ; 
    if (($0 ~ /This host/) || ($0 ~ /Other host/)) dev=$2; 
    if ( $0 ~ /\)\:/ ) {
        print $2, $1, fw, dev
    } 
}

    如果它被调用./script.awk并成为可执行文件，那么您可以将其作为 运行./script.awk filename，即使用要处理的文件作为脚本的参数。

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