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Accepted
Calaf
Asked: 2018-06-13 02:29:01 +0800 CST

递归复制具有给定名称的目录

  • 772

使用构建的目录结构

#!/bin/bash
for name in A B
do
    mkdir -p /tmp/src/${name}/copyme
    echo "do not copy" > /tmp/src/${name}/no.txt
    echo "copy" > /tmp/src/${name}/copyme/yes.txt
done

我只想将copyme目录以及其中的文件镜像到 /tmp/tgt。

这应该很简单。依靠rsync区分命令行选项的顺序：排除一切，然后包含相关模式。然而

rsync -av --exclude='*' --include='copyme' /tmp/src/ /tmp/tgt/

排除所有内容（仅创建目标目录）。为什么？

rsync recursive

1 个回答

  1. Best Answer

    运行时rsync，它会根据模式测试源中找到的名称，并且第一个匹配模式生效：

    $ rsync -avv --exclude='*' --include='copyme' /tmp/src/ /tmp/tgt/
sending incremental file list
[sender] hiding directory A because of pattern *
[sender] hiding directory B because of pattern *
delta-transmission disabled for local transfer or --whole-file
total: matches=0  hash_hits=0  false_alarms=0 data=0

sent 51 bytes  received 86 bytes  274.00 bytes/sec
total size is 0  speedup is 0.00

    当一个目录被排除时（参见上面的“隐藏目录...”），它的内容不会被进一步考虑。颠倒排除和包含模式将无济于事，因为它永远不会到达copyme目录。

    rsync手册说：

    例如，要包含/foo/bar/baz、目录/foo，并且 /foo/bar不能被排除。排除其中一个父目录会阻止对其内容的检查，切断 rsync对这些路径的递归，并使包含 /foo/bar/baz无效（因为rsync无法匹配它在目录层次结构的切断部分中从未见过的东西）。

    所以与其：

    $ rsync -avv --include='[AB]' --include='copyme/***' --exclude='*' /tmp/src/ /tmp/tgt/
sending incremental file list
[sender] showing directory A because of pattern [AB]
[sender] showing directory B because of pattern [AB]
[sender] showing directory A/copyme because of pattern copyme/***
[sender] hiding file A/no.txt because of pattern *
[sender] showing file A/copyme/yes.txt because of pattern copyme/***
[sender] showing directory B/copyme because of pattern copyme/***
[sender] hiding file B/no.txt because of pattern *
[sender] showing file B/copyme/yes.txt because of pattern copyme/***
created directory /tmp/tgt
delta-transmission disabled for local transfer or --whole-file
./
A/
A/copyme/
A/copyme/yes.txt
B/
B/copyme/
B/copyme/yes.txt
total: matches=0  hash_hits=0  false_alarms=0 data=10

sent 305 bytes  received 175 bytes  960.00 bytes/sec
total size is 10  speedup is 0.02

    请注意，排除必须排在最后，在包含之后。该copyme/***模式匹配copyme目录名本身和它下面的任何路径名。

    如果您不想硬编码A和B目录名称：

    for dir in /tmp/src/*; do
    [ ! -d "$dir" ] && continue
    rsync -avv --include="${dir##*/}" --include='copyme/***' --exclude='*' /tmp/src/ /tmp/tgt/
done

    这将输出

    sending incremental file list
[sender] showing directory A because of pattern A
[sender] hiding directory B because of pattern *
[sender] showing directory A/copyme because of pattern copyme/***
[sender] hiding file A/no.txt because of pattern *
[sender] showing file A/copyme/yes.txt because of pattern copyme/***
created directory /tmp/tgt
delta-transmission disabled for local transfer or --whole-file
./
A/
A/copyme/
A/copyme/yes.txt
total: matches=0  hash_hits=0  false_alarms=0 data=5

sent 180 bytes  received 148 bytes  656.00 bytes/sec
total size is 5  speedup is 0.02
sending incremental file list
[sender] hiding directory A because of pattern *
[sender] showing directory B because of pattern B
[sender] showing directory B/copyme because of pattern copyme/***
[sender] hiding file B/no.txt because of pattern *
[sender] showing file B/copyme/yes.txt because of pattern copyme/***
delta-transmission disabled for local transfer or --whole-file
B/
B/copyme/
B/copyme/yes.txt
total: matches=0  hash_hits=0  false_alarms=0 data=5

sent 180 bytes  received 117 bytes  594.00 bytes/sec
total size is 5  speedup is 0.02

    结果将是

    $ tree src tgt
src
|-- A
|   |-- copyme
|   |   `-- yes.txt
|   `-- no.txt
`-- B
    |-- copyme
    |   `-- yes.txt
    `-- no.txt

4 directories, 4 files
tgt
|-- A
|   `-- copyme
|       `-- yes.txt
`-- B
    `-- copyme
        `-- yes.txt

4 directories, 2 files

    另一种不使用排除或包含模式rsync但用于find定位copyme目录然后rsync复制它们的方法：

    find /tmp/src -type d -name 'copyme' -prune -exec sh -c '
    cd /tmp/src && rsync -aRvv "${1#/tmp/src/}/" /tmp/tgt/' sh {} ';'

    注意这里使用的-R( --relative) 标志rsync。

    sh -c为每个找到copyme的目录执行的脚本执行一个cdto /tmp/src，然后复制路径名，并/tmp/src删除其路径的初始位。

    -pruneinfind命令停止在找到的目录中find查找更多copyme目录。

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