political science's questions

我试图创建 GPG 密钥

Real name: Political Science
Email address: @
You selected this USER-ID:
    "Political Science "

Change (N)ame, (E)mail, or (O)kay/(Q)uit? O
We need to generate a lot of random bytes. It is a good idea to perform
some other action (type on the keyboard, move the mouse, utilize the
disks) during the prime generation; this gives the random number
generator a better chance to gain enough entropy.
We need to generate a lot of random bytes. It is a good idea to perform
some other action (type on the keyboard, move the mouse, utilize the
disks) during the prime generation; this gives the random number
generator a better chance to gain enough entropy.
gpg: key 8D32FF6AEEB7BA37 marked as ultimately trusted
gpg: directory '/home/debian/.gnupg/openpgp-revocs.d' created
gpg: revocation certificate stored as '/home/debian/.gnupg/openpgp-revocs.d/980265BC6D8749B0B57526888D32FF6AEEB7BA37.rev'
public and secret key created and signed.

pub   rsa3072 2020-06-11 [SC] [expires: 2022-06-11]
      980265BC6D8749B0B57526888D32FF6AEEB7BA37
uid                      Political Science 
sub   rsa3072 2020-06-11 [E] [expires: 2022-06-11]

现在，我无法理解以上哪一项是我应该同步到密钥服务器的密钥

debian@osboxes:~/$ gpg --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --send-keys 8749B0B57526888D32FF6AEEB7BA37
gpg: "8749B0B57526888D32FF6AEEB7BA37" not a key ID: skipping
debian@osboxes:~/$ gpg --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --send-keys 32FF6AEEB7BA37
gpg: "32FF6AEEB7BA37" not a key ID: skipping

我正在尝试根据此处的答案来执行此操作

我有 aws 实例密钥 .pem 文件，我将其保存在文件夹中

"home/debian/cs605\ data\ management/assignment6/mumbai\ instance\ keys"

键名是 mumbai-instance-1.pem

我写了一个像这样的小 bash 脚本

!/bin/bash

AWS_KEY="home/debian/cs605\ data\ management/assignment6/mumbai\ instance\ keys"

ssh -v -i $AWS_KEY/mumbai-instance-1.pem
ec2-user@ec2-xx-xx-xx-xx.ap-south-1.compute.amazonaws.com

上面的文件保存在以下文件夹中，名为 mumbai

/home/debian/cs605 数据管理/assignment6

现在我尝试在之后启动脚本，chmox +x mumbai 但出现错误

Warning: Identity file home/debian/cs605\ not accessible: No such file or directory.
OpenSSH_8.0p1 Ubuntu-6build1, OpenSSL 1.1.1c  28 May 2019
debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config
debug1: /etc/ssh/ssh_config line 19: Applying options for *
ssh: Could not resolve hostname data\\: Name or service not known
./mumbai: line 6: ec2-user@ec2-xx-xx-xx-xx.ap-south-1.compute.amazonaws.com: command not found

那么这个错误是什么，我该如何摆脱这个错误。

更新1
我尝试了答案中提到的方法

debian@osboxes:~/cs605 data management/assignment6$ ./mumbai
Warning: Identity file home/debian/cs605 data management/assignment6/mumbai instance keys/mumbai-instance-1.pem not accessible: No such file or directory.
usage: ssh [-46AaCfGgKkMNnqsTtVvXxYy] [-B bind_interface]
           [-b bind_address] [-c cipher_spec] [-D [bind_address:]port]
           [-E log_file] [-e escape_char] [-F configfile] [-I pkcs11]
           [-i identity_file] [-J [user@]host[:port]] [-L address]
           [-l login_name] [-m mac_spec] [-O ctl_cmd] [-o option] [-p port]
           [-Q query_option] [-R address] [-S ctl_path] [-W host:port]
           [-w local_tun[:remote_tun]] destination [command]
./mumbai: line 6: ec2-user@ec2-xx-xxx-xx-xx.ap-south-1.compute.amazonaws.com: command not found

我检查了文件的权限

debian@osboxes:~/cs605 data management/assignment6/mumbai instance keys$ ls -l
total 8
-rwxr-xr-x 1 debian debian 1692 Mar  3 14:24 mumbai-instance-1.pem
-rwxrw-rw- 1 debian debian 1464 Mar  3 14:30 mumbai-instance-pvt.ppk

所以我认为这不应该是权限问题。

我在上面的 AWS_KEY 中犯了一个错误，应该是 /home

更新2

现在，在解决上述问题时，当我使用 AWS_KEY="/home/debian/cs605\ data\ management/assignment6/mumbai\ instance\ keys" 执行上述脚本时，我得到了关注

debian@osboxes:~/cs605 data management/assignment6$ ./mumbai
OpenSSH_8.0p1 Ubuntu-6build1, OpenSSL 1.1.1c  28 May 2019
debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config
debug1: /etc/ssh/ssh_config line 19: Applying options for *
debug1: Connecting to ec2-xx-xxx-xx-xxx.ap-south-1.compute.amazonaws.com [xx-xxx-xx-xxx] port 22.
debug1: Connection established.
debug1: identity file /home/debian/cs605 data management/assignment6/mumbai instance keys/mumbai-instance-1.pem type -1
debug1: identity file /home/debian/cs605 data management/assignment6/mumbai instance keys/mumbai-instance-1.pem-cert type -1
debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_8.0p1 Ubuntu-6build1
debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_7.4
debug1: match: OpenSSH_7.4 pat OpenSSH_7.0*,OpenSSH_7.1*,OpenSSH_7.2*,OpenSSH_7.3*,OpenSSH_7.4*,OpenSSH_7.5*,OpenSSH_7.6*,OpenSSH_7.7* compat 0x04000002
debug1: Authenticating to ec2-xx-xxx-xx-xxx.ap-south-1.compute.amazonaws.com:22 as 'ec2-user'
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received
debug1: kex: algorithm: curve25519-sha256
debug1: kex: host key algorithm: ecdsa-sha2-nistp256
debug1: kex: server->client cipher: chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com MAC: <implicit> compression: none
debug1: kex: client->server cipher: chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com MAC: <implicit> compression: none
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_ECDH_REPLY
debug1: Server host key: ecdsa-sha2-nistp256 SHA256:q5biO+y+QovuhX7TUfVShKOh7nQ/TaVUPhs8YI8EJOs
The authenticity of host 'ec2-xx-xxx-xx-xxx.ap-south-1.compute.amazonaws.com (xx-xxx-xx-xxx)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:q5biO+y+QovuhX7TUfVShKOh7nQ/TaVUPhs8YI8EJOs.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes
Warning: Permanently added 'ec2-xx-xxx-xx-xxx.ap-south-1.compute.amazonaws.com,xx-xxx-xx-xxx' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
debug1: rekey out after 134217728 blocks
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received
debug1: rekey in after 134217728 blocks
debug1: Will attempt key: debian@osboxes RSA SHA256:iFf3gBtMBnZsrEYwqUEZBanwk9vj6/nf64NfpGerACU agent
debug1: Will attempt key: /home/debian/cs605 data management/assignment6/mumbai instance keys/mumbai-instance-1.pem  explicit
debug1: SSH2_MSG_EXT_INFO received
debug1: kex_input_ext_info: server-sig-algs=<rsa-sha2-256,rsa-sha2-512>
debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic
debug1: Next authentication method: gssapi-with-mic
debug1: Unspecified GSS failure.  Minor code may provide more information
No Kerberos credentials available (default cache: FILE:/tmp/krb5cc_1001)


debug1: Unspecified GSS failure.  Minor code may provide more information
No Kerberos credentials available (default cache: FILE:/tmp/krb5cc_1001)


debug1: Next authentication method: publickey
debug1: Offering public key: debian@osboxes RSA SHA256:iFf3gBtMBnZsrEYwqUEZBanwk9vj6/nf64NfpGerACU agent
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic
debug1: Trying private key: /home/debian/cs605 data management/assignment6/mumbai instance keys/mumbai-instance-1.pem
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
@         WARNING: UNPROTECTED PRIVATE KEY FILE!          @
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
Permissions 0755 for '/home/debian/cs605 data management/assignment6/mumbai instance keys/mumbai-instance-1.pem' are too open.
It is required that your private key files are NOT accessible by others.
This private key will be ignored.
Load key "/home/debian/cs605 data management/assignment6/mumbai instance keys/mumbai-instance-1.pem": bad permissions
debug1: No more authentication methods to try.
ec2-user@ec2-.ap-south-1.compute.amazonaws.com: Permission denied (publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic).

好的，我修复了它，密钥文件应该有 700 权限，750 或 755 是不可接受的。

我正在使用 Ubuntu 19.10 并在其上安装了 mysql-server。首先它给了我一个错误

错误是用户'root'@'localhost'的mysql访问被拒绝

通过下面的代码解决

ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '123456';

基于这里的答案 https://stackoverflow.com/questions/41645309/mysql-error-access-denied-for-user-rootlocalhost

当我尝试登录时，我现在已经重新启动了虚拟机

debian@osboxes:~$ mysql -u root
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)

我试过以下

debian@osboxes:~$ mysql -u root -p 123456
Enter password: 
ERROR 1049 (42000): Unknown database '123456'

我想知道我在做什么错误。我正在尝试将 mysql 用于某些作业，但上述不是转到 sql 提示符的正确方法。我还应该做什么？我正在使用 Ubuntu 19.10。

在那些日子里，我对新贵回声系统一无所知，我们曾经有初始化脚本来启动和停止守护进程，所以我正在浏览互联网，它变得非常混乱该做什么和不该做什么。就像这些天mysql服务不可用或者我需要做什么来确保重启后mysql服务正在运行。我应该检查哪些文件。

当我看到这个的时候，我想播放一些歌曲

我有一些flv 文件，我想播放它们。当我看到所有问题时，我在 Vmware 环境中使用 Ubuntu。这个从 19.04 升级到 19.10 我的 /etc/apt/sources.list 文件看起来像这样

# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 19.04 _Disco Dingo_ - Release amd64 (20190416)]/ disco main restricted

# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu eoan main
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ disco main restricted

## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu eoan-updates main
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ disco-updates main restricted

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu eoan universe
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ disco universe
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu eoan-updates universe
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ disco-updates universe

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu 
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to 
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in 
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu eoan multiverse
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ disco multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu eoan-updates multiverse
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ disco-updates multiverse

## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ disco-backports main restricted universe multiverse

## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's
## 'partner' repository.
## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the
## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.
# deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu disco partner
# deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu disco partner

deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu eoan-security main
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu disco-security main restricted
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu eoan-security universe
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu disco-security universe
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu eoan-security multiverse
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu disco-security multiverse

# This system was installed using small removable media
# (e.g. netinst, live or single CD). The matching "deb cdrom"
# entries were disabled at the end of the installation process.
# For information about how to configure apt package sources,
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu eoan-backports universe multiverse main
# see the sources.list(5) manual.

https://pastebin.com/CiUTguW7

如果我应该粘贴任何其他文件，请告诉我
编辑 1
在我的 /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ 中有 2 个文件

docker.list  linuxuprising-ubuntu-java-eoan.list

并且 docker.list 文件有以下内容

deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu eoan stable

和 linuxupprising-ubuntu-java-eoan.list 文件有

deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/linuxuprising/java/ubuntu eoan main
# deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/linuxuprising/java/ubuntu eoan main

我在 Ubuntu 19.10 上的 Thunderbird 上使用 gmail。我将 Thunderbird 配置为使用 gmail 进行 IMAP 访问，并且在截屏下载时可能会下载电子邮件。我不知道位置，但我可以看到所有文件夹。这是一个屏幕截图。 我的 gmail 收件箱已满 15 GB 中的 13 GB。 https://superuser.com/questions/1502126/13-66-gb-out-of-15-gb-used-in-gmail-delete-emails-that-c​​onsumed-space

有人建议我使用 Thunderbird。现在我已经将 Thunderbird 配置为与 gmail 一起使用，现在如何删除数千封电子邮件我必须找到一些电子邮件，这些电子邮件可能包含尺寸可能很大的照片或文档。是否有一种简单的方法或脚本来执行与 GitHub 脚本的任何链接相同的操作，以根据大小或附件等对电子邮件进行分类。我可以在 Ubuntu 19.10 中尝试。

我在 Ubuntu 虚拟机上安装了 Hadoop。我下载了源文件，这意味着此页面上的可用版本https://hadoop.apache.org/releases.html 我下载了 3.1.3 文件 https://www.apache.org/dyn/closer.cgi/hadoop /common/hadoop-3.1.3/hadoop-3.1.3-src.tar.gz 安装成功。我收到以下消息 看来我的内存不足。我为这个 Ubuntu 虚拟机分配了 2 GB 的内存。如果您可以在上面的屏幕截图中看到，我打算使用更多的虚拟机。 我需要其他虚拟机来进行各种开发工作。我想知道应该如何或者更确切地说应该在什么范围内增加内存，以便我可以在 ubuntu 19.10 上使用 Hadoop 生态系统。我计划做一些开发工作，以后可以用单个节点完成我想用多个节点工作。我在具有 12 GB RAM 的笔记本电脑上执行所有这些操作。我有以下虚拟机
1)Ubuntu 19.10 VM
2)Debian 10 VM
3)Windows 10 VM
4)Cloudera Hadoop VM
5)Ubuntu 19.10（我已经在这个 VM 中安装了 Hadoop）

我为所有虚拟机分配了 2 GB。我还想知道如上所示，我得到了一个 Hadoop 命令提示符。我怎样才能再次得到它我的意思是如果我关闭机器电源。我注意到上图中的外壳为 debian@4d943db32085:~/hadoop$

debian 是我在 Ubuntu 19.10 中配置的用户名

我正在使用从 19.04 升级的 19.10。操作系统是从 https://www.osboxes.org/ubuntu/ 下载的虚拟机映像，下载的映像是 19.04，我已升级到 19.10 升级过程中出现了一些问题，我设法解决了。在 vmware 中从 19.04 升级到 19.10 后，ubuntu 卡在启动 [结束内核恐慌不同步：VFS：无法在块 (0,0) 上挂载 root fs]

默认密码是https://www.osboxes.org/faq/what-are-the-credentials-for-virtual-machine-image/ 我有一个默认管理员帐户 osboxes.org，我删除并创建了一个名为debian（这是我从 19.04 升级后在 19.10 上做的） 在升级前使用机器期间，我可能重置了我忘记的 root 密码，升级后我删除了原始用户帐户 osboxes.org。我创建了一个新用户用户名：debian 我也忘记了它的密码。所以我想按照这里的说明重置root密码 https://md3v.com/linux-give-root-password-for-maintenance-lost-password
每件事都运行良好，我能够重置 root 密码。现在，当我尝试从 Gnome 界面以 root 身份登录时，不接受更新的密码，因此我被锁定了。我怎样才能摆脱这种情况，我也没有看到任何错误消息。我将我的root密码设置为debian，这不起作用。

我有 Ubuntu 19.04 64 位虚拟机，我将它升级到 19.10。升级完成后，虚拟机在 VMware 工作站 15 中无法启动。我使用了 19.04 的 vmdk 映像，可在此处获得 www dot osboxes dot org slash Ubuntu（少于 10 个信誉不能发布超过 8 个链接，因此必须保留它那样）

我在升级虚拟机时制作了几个视频（我按照这里的说明进行操作 www dotliquidweb dot com/kb/troubleshooting-please-install-available-updates-release-upgrading/）视频如下

Ubuntu 19.04 到 19.10 升级消息

第 1部分： https
://youtu.be/la-kwFYGl14 第 2部分： https
://youtu.be/U_j-aQRMGW4 第 3部分： https
://youtu.be/80OPkahASmQ 第 4部分： https ://youtu.be /nPSo-7daCuQ

现在这里的问题可能是为什么新升级无法启动到系统中。我应该在这里检查或做些什么来解决这个问题？这是一次全新的升级，一直发生的事情我让它发生了。我登录到 tty6 我得到以下屏幕截图。 自从从 19.04 升级到 19.10 后，我一直没有重新启动系统。

然后当我在这里发布这个问题时，我知道如何重新启动系统，现在我得到了

结束内核恐慌不同步：VFS：无法在未知块（0,0）上挂载root fs

这是一个相同的视频。现在我不知道我该怎么办。为什么会出现这个问题。如何调试和解决这个问题。与其通过下载新的 ISO 来创建新的 VM，我更感兴趣的是学习和解决导致此问题的问题。

第 5 部分：https
://youtu.be/JhFJEj2dUOM 我似乎已经想出了一些可能适用于内核恐慌中提到的东西 - 不同步：VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(0,0) the thing在升级之前，我没有在纸或铅笔上记下正在运行哪个内核版本或升级到哪个版本。我一直在运行默认值，所以它不应该是一个问题。有人在评论中提到

“在我的 ubuntu 19.10 上，我必须运行 apt install initramfs-tools 才能获得 update-initramfs 命令——”鉴于视频 5 中的情况，我该如何执行这些命令。

问题是我不知道如何使用高级启动菜单，请查看我上传的屏幕截图和视频以了解我的情况。

即使在高级选项中启动到其中一个内核后，我也会收到内核恐慌消息。

在我的情况下存在一些知识差距我可能已经想出了一些我应该尝试的东西，但我无法理解如何从这里开始。