CodeConnoisseur's questions

我今天打开电脑，收到一条消息说我的内存快满了。来看看是不是/var/log目录里有GDM3的东西。我不确定这是什么，如果我能以某种方式清理它或删除文件以取回一些内存？

uname -a
Linux name 5.8.0-50-generic #56~20.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Mon Apr 12 21:46:35 UTC 2021 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

根据 user535733 的请求，这里是请求的输出

ls -lah /var/log
total 379G
drwxrwxr-x  16 root              syslog          4.0K Apr 16 15:59 .
drwxr-xr-x  15 root              root            4.0K Sep 27  2020 ..
-rw-r--r--   1 root              root            1.8K Apr 16 16:03 alternatives.log
-rw-r--r--   1 root              root            7.3K Mar 30 06:00 alternatives.log.1
-rw-r--r--   1 root              root            1.2K Feb 27 06:04 alternatives.log.2.gz
-rw-r--r--   1 root              root            1.8K Jan 29 06:46 alternatives.log.3.gz
-rw-r--r--   1 root              root             369 Dec 31 14:30 alternatives.log.4.gz
-rw-r--r--   1 root              root             838 Nov 30 11:18 alternatives.log.5.gz
-rw-r--r--   1 root              root             526 Oct 31 11:41 alternatives.log.6.gz
-rw-r--r--   1 root              root            3.6K Sep 28  2020 alternatives.log.7.gz
drwxr-x---   2 root              adm             4.0K Apr 16 00:00 apache2
-rw-r-----   1 root              adm                0 Mar 21 00:00 apport.log
-rw-r-----   1 root              adm              345 Mar 20 12:44 apport.log.1
-rw-r-----   1 root              adm             1.6K Feb 11 15:49 apport.log.2.gz
-rw-r-----   1 root              adm              158 Feb  6 09:09 apport.log.3.gz
-rw-r-----   1 root              adm             1.2K Feb  5 16:35 apport.log.4.gz
-rw-r-----   1 root              adm              437 Feb  2 07:05 apport.log.5.gz
-rw-r-----   1 root              adm              256 Jan  1 14:21 apport.log.6.gz
-rw-r-----   1 root              adm             1.3K Dec 30 15:54 apport.log.7.gz
drwxr-xr-x   2 root              root            4.0K Apr 16 16:04 apt
-rw-r-----   1 syslog            adm             116K Apr 16 17:19 auth.log
-rw-r-----   1 syslog            adm             133K Apr 10 23:39 auth.log.1
-rw-r-----   1 syslog            adm             8.7K Apr  3 23:39 auth.log.2.gz
-rw-r-----   1 syslog            adm             9.0K Mar 27 23:39 auth.log.3.gz
-rw-r-----   1 syslog            adm             9.9K Mar 20 23:39 auth.log.4.gz
-rw-------   1 root              root             12K Apr 16 15:59 boot.log
-rw-------   1 root              root             12K Apr  6 00:00 boot.log.1
-rw-------   1 root              root             12K Mar 21 00:00 boot.log.2
-rw-------   1 root              root             12K Mar 10 06:03 boot.log.3
-rw-------   1 root              root             23K Feb 21 00:00 boot.log.4
-rw-------   1 root              root             12K Feb 12 00:00 boot.log.5
-rw-------   1 root              root             12K Feb  9 00:00 boot.log.6
-rw-------   1 root              root             11K Jan 30 00:00 boot.log.7
-rw-r--r--   1 root              root            102K Jul 31  2020 bootstrap.log
-rw-rw----   1 root              utmp               0 Apr  1 00:00 btmp
-rw-rw----   1 root              utmp               0 Mar  1 00:00 btmp.1
drwxr-xr-x   2 root              root            4.0K Apr 16 00:00 cups
drwxr-xr-x   2 root              root            4.0K Jul 20  2020 dist-upgrade
-rw-r--r--   1 root              adm              87K Apr 16 15:59 dmesg
-rw-r--r--   1 root              adm              85K Apr  5 06:26 dmesg.0
-rw-r--r--   1 root              adm              22K Mar 20 10:05 dmesg.1.gz
-rw-r--r--   1 root              adm              22K Mar 10 06:03 dmesg.2.gz
-rw-r--r--   1 root              adm              22K Feb 20 17:01 dmesg.3.gz
-rw-r--r--   1 root              adm              22K Feb 20 14:21 dmesg.4.gz
-rw-r--r--   1 root              root             91K Apr 16 16:04 dpkg.log
-rw-r--r--   1 root              root            163K Mar 31 06:39 dpkg.log.1
-rw-r--r--   1 root              root             18K Feb 27 06:04 dpkg.log.2.gz
-rw-r--r--   1 root              root             24K Jan 31 08:10 dpkg.log.3.gz
-rw-r--r--   1 root              root            6.4K Dec 31 13:08 dpkg.log.4.gz
-rw-r--r--   1 root              root             16K Nov 30 11:18 dpkg.log.5.gz
-rw-r--r--   1 root              root             11K Oct 31 11:05 dpkg.log.6.gz
-rw-r--r--   1 root              root            127K Sep 29  2020 dpkg.log.7.gz
-rw-r--r--   1 root              root             32K Jan 23 10:42 faillog
-rw-r--r--   1 root              root             12K Apr 16 16:03 fontconfig.log
drwx--x--x   2 root              gdm             4.0K Oct  7  2019 gdm3
-rw-r--r--   1 root              root            1.4K Apr 16 15:59 gpu-manager.log
drwxrwxr-x   2 root              root            4.0K Sep 26  2020 installer
drwxr-sr-x+  3 root              systemd-journal 4.0K Sep 26  2020 journal
-rw-r-----   1 syslog            adm             4.5M Apr 16 17:20 kern.log
-rw-r-----   1 syslog            adm             5.6M Apr 10 23:58 kern.log.1
-rw-r-----   1 syslog            adm             468K Apr  3 23:59 kern.log.2.gz
-rw-r-----   1 syslog            adm             441K Mar 27 23:59 kern.log.3.gz
-rw-r-----   1 syslog            adm             492K Mar 20 23:59 kern.log.4.gz
-rw-rw-r--   1 root              utmp            286K Jan 23 10:42 lastlog
drwxr-xr-x   2 mongodb           mongodb         4.0K Jan 23 10:43 mongodb
drwxr-x---   2 mysql             adm             4.0K Apr 16 00:00 mysql
drwxr-xr-x   2 root              root            4.0K Sep  5  2019 openvpn
drwxrwxr-x   2 root              root            4.0K Jan  8 13:59 php
-rw-------   1 root              root             338 Apr 16 15:59 php7.4-fpm.log
-rw-------   1 root              root             338 Apr  5 06:25 php7.4-fpm.log.1
-rw-------   1 root              root              73 Jan 31 00:00 php7.4-fpm.log.10.gz
-rw-------   1 root              root             281 Jan 29 06:46 php7.4-fpm.log.11.gz
-rw-------   1 root              root              73 Jan 17 00:00 php7.4-fpm.log.12.gz
-rw-------   1 root              root              72 Mar 28 00:00 php7.4-fpm.log.2.gz
-rw-------   1 root              root              73 Mar 21 00:00 php7.4-fpm.log.3.gz
-rw-------   1 root              root             192 Mar 20 10:05 php7.4-fpm.log.4.gz
-rw-------   1 root              root             239 Mar 10 06:03 php7.4-fpm.log.5.gz
-rw-------   1 root              root             221 Mar  1 06:17 php7.4-fpm.log.6.gz
-rw-------   1 root              root              73 Feb 21 00:00 php7.4-fpm.log.7.gz
-rw-------   1 root              root             380 Feb 20 17:01 php7.4-fpm.log.8.gz
-rw-------   1 root              root             694 Feb 11 08:36 php7.4-fpm.log.9.gz
-rw-------   1 root              root             338 Apr 16 15:59 php8.0-fpm.log
-rw-------   1 root              root             338 Apr  5 06:25 php8.0-fpm.log.1
-rw-------   1 root              root              73 Jan 31 00:00 php8.0-fpm.log.10.gz
-rw-------   1 root              root             255 Jan 29 06:46 php8.0-fpm.log.11.gz
-rw-------   1 root              root              73 Jan 17 00:00 php8.0-fpm.log.12.gz
-rw-------   1 root              root              72 Mar 28 00:00 php8.0-fpm.log.2.gz
-rw-------   1 root              root              73 Mar 21 00:00 php8.0-fpm.log.3.gz
-rw-------   1 root              root             192 Mar 20 10:05 php8.0-fpm.log.4.gz
-rw-------   1 root              root             415 Mar 12 06:54 php8.0-fpm.log.5.gz
-rw-------   1 root              root             394 Mar  4 17:11 php8.0-fpm.log.6.gz
-rw-------   1 root              root              73 Feb 21 00:00 php8.0-fpm.log.7.gz
-rw-------   1 root              root             635 Feb 20 17:01 php8.0-fpm.log.8.gz
-rw-------   1 root              root             545 Feb 11 08:34 php8.0-fpm.log.9.gz
drwx------   2 root              root            4.0K Jul 31  2020 private
drwx------   2 speech-dispatcher root            4.0K Jan 19  2020 speech-dispatcher
-rw-r-----   1 syslog            adm             379G Apr 16 17:20 syslog
-rw-r-----   1 syslog            adm             5.8M Apr 16 00:00 syslog.1
-rw-r-----   1 syslog            adm             360K Apr 15 00:00 syslog.2.gz
-rw-r-----   1 syslog            adm             363K Apr 14 00:00 syslog.3.gz
-rw-r-----   1 syslog            adm             355K Apr 13 00:00 syslog.4.gz
-rw-r-----   1 syslog            adm             353K Apr 12 00:00 syslog.5.gz
-rw-r-----   1 syslog            adm             361K Apr 11 00:00 syslog.6.gz
-rw-r-----   1 syslog            adm             364K Apr 10 00:00 syslog.7.gz
-rw-------   1 root              root               0 Jul 31  2020 ubuntu-advantage.log
-rw-r-----   1 syslog            adm             4.3M Apr 16 17:20 ufw.log
-rw-r-----   1 syslog            adm             5.4M Apr 10 23:58 ufw.log.1
-rw-r-----   1 syslog            adm             444K Apr  3 23:59 ufw.log.2.gz
-rw-r-----   1 syslog            adm             425K Mar 27 23:59 ufw.log.3.gz
-rw-r-----   1 syslog            adm             447K Mar 20 23:59 ufw.log.4.gz
drwxr-x---   2 root              adm             4.0K Apr  6 00:00 unattended-upgrades
-rw-rw-r--   1 root              utmp             27K Apr 16 15:59 wtmp

我在 ubuntu 20.04 上，我正在尝试在本地开发 php 项目。我想要的是能够批量虚拟主机本地项目，当我创建项目并将其添加.local到项目名称时，始终解析为 127.0.0.1。到目前为止我已经尝试过：

1. 禁用并停止systemd-resolved。

   sudo systemctl stop systemd-resolved
   sudo systemctl disable systemd-resolved
   

2. 删除符号链接resolv.conf

   sudo rm /etc/resolv.conf
   

3. 在其中创建了一个新resolv.conf文件/etc/并添加了nameserver 8.8.8.8

4. 已安装dnsmasq

5. 在/etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf我有以下内容：

   [main]
   dns=dnsmasq
   plugins=ifupdown,keyfile
   
   [ifupdown]
   managed=false
   
   [device]
   wifi.scan-rand-mac-address=no
   

6. 在/etc/NetworkManager/dnsmasq.d我创建了一个local.conf文件，其中包含：

   address=/local/127.0.0.1
   

7. 重新加载网络管理器，但每次我这样做时它都会重置我resolv.conf的，127.0.1.1所以我必须将名称服务器重置为8.8.8.8.

输出sudo netstat -anlp | grep 53

tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:53              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      39737/dnsmasq       
tcp6       0      0 :::53                   :::*                    LISTEN      39737/dnsmasq       
tcp6       0      0 2600:8800:86ac:2::53030 2606:4700::6810:5f4:443 ESTABLISHED 4802/chrome --type= 
tcp6       0      0 2600:8800:86ac:2::53936 2a04:fa87:fffe::c00:443 ESTABLISHED 4802/chrome --type= 
tcp6       0      0 2600:8800:86ac:2::57530 2600:1f1c:a99:832c::443 ESTABLISHED 4802/chrome --type= 
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:53              0.0.0.0:*                           39737/dnsmasq       
udp        0      0 224.0.0.251:5353        0.0.0.0:*                           4759/chrome         
udp        0      0 224.0.0.251:5353        0.0.0.0:*                           4802/chrome --type= 
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:5353            0.0.0.0:*                           1109/avahi-daemon:  
udp6       0      0 :::53                   :::*                                39737/dnsmasq       
udp6       0      0 2600:8800:86ac:2::35397 2607:f8b0:4007:803::443 ESTABLISHED 4802/chrome --type= 
udp6       0      0 2600:8800:86ac:2::53965 2607:f8b0:400e:c09::443 ESTABLISHED 4802/chrome --type= 
udp6       0      0 :::5353                 :::*                                1109/avahi-daemon:  
udp6       0      0 2600:8800:86ac:2::38534 2607:f8b0:4007:80f::443 ESTABLISHED 4802/chrome --type= 
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     75311    3037/Xorg            @/tmp/.X11-unix/X0
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     75312    3037/Xorg            /tmp/.X11-unix/X0
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     40653    1386/mysqld          /var/run/mysqld/mysqlx.sock
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     970535   44951/chrome --type  
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     21922    531/systemd-udevd    
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     805753   2900/pulseaudio      /run/user/1000/pulse/native
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     164653   7749/gdm-session-wo  
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     970534   4759/chrome          
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     84953    3037/Xorg            @/tmp/.X11-unix/X0
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     129536   4952/chrome --type=  
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     129538   4759/chrome          
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     129535   4759/chrome          
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     81853    3294/ibus-daemon     
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     109534   4073/gnome-terminal  
unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    21931    531/systemd-udevd    
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     88353    3434/dconf-service   
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     129539   4957/chrome --type=  
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     129153   1/init               /run/systemd/journal/stdout
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     83553    3393/ibus-engine-si  
unix  3      [ ]         DGRAM                    21933    531/systemd-udevd    
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     97533    3622/evolution-sour  
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     89353    3600/gnome-shell-ca  
unix  3      [ ]         DGRAM                    21934    531/systemd-udevd    
unix  3      [ ]         SEQPACKET  CONNECTED     130853   4759/chrome          
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     83353    1/init               /run/systemd/journal/stdout
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     132553   4611/update-notifie  
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     39532    1903/rtkit-daemon    
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     100532   2906/dbus-daemon     /run/user/1000/bus
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     868534   2900/pulseaudio      /run/user/1000/pulse/native
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     35395    1456/kerneloops      
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     28453    1114/dbus-daemon     /run/dbus/system_bus_socket
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     100653   3660/gsd-media-keys  
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     35396    1458/kerneloops      
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     93535    3622/evolution-sour  
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     708953   4759/chrome          
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     100530   2906/dbus-daemon     /run/user/1000/bus
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     35394    1421/whoopsie        
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     968853   1989/master          

根据 Brian Turek 我运行 dnsmasq，然后重新加载 NetoworkManager.service 然后运行ps aux | grep dnsmasq，这是输出：

nobody    103697  0.0  0.0  14776  4264 ?        S    06:12   0:00 /usr/sbin/dnsmasq --no-resolv --keep-in-foreground --no-hosts --bind-interfaces --pid-file=/run/NetworkManager/dnsmasq.pid --listen-address=127.0.1.1 --cache-size=0 --clear-on-reload --conf-file=/dev/null --proxy-dnssec --enable-dbus=org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.dnsmasq --conf-dir=/etc/NetworkManager/dnsmasq.d
paul    103707  0.0  0.0   9028   676 pts/0    S+   06:12   0:00 grep --color=auto --exclude-dir=.bzr --exclude-dir=CVS --exclude-dir=.git --exclude-dir=.hg --exclude-dir=.svn --exclude-dir=.idea --exclude-dir=.tox dnsmasq

我已经清除并重新安装了 mysql-client 和服务器几次，我重新启动了我的系统，但我无法让 mysql 在我的计算机上工作。

我根据另一个 askubuntu 帖子运行了这些命令：

sudo apt-get --purge remove mysql-server mysql-common mysql-client.

sudo apt update && sudo apt dist-upgrade && sudo apt autoremove.

sudo apt-get install -y mysql-server mysql-client

然后我重新启动，什么也没发生。

命令输出：

mysql -V

mysql  Ver 8.0.20-0ubuntu0.20.04.1 for Linux on x86_64 ((Ubuntu))

sudo systemctl status mysql.service

Unit mysql.service could not be found.

sudo systemctl 启动 mysql.service

Failed to start mysql.service: Unit mysql.service not found.

sudo systemctl start mysqld.service

Failed to start mysqld.service: Unit mysqld.service not found

我不确定从这里去哪里，因为我已经删除并清除了 mysql 似乎已安装但无法正常工作。

mysql -h localhost -P 3306 -u root -p 或 mysql -h 127.0.0.1 -P 3306 -u root -p

结果相同：

ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock' (2)

cat mysql.cnf                                                           1 ↵
#
# The MySQL database server configuration file.
#
# You can copy this to one of:
# - "/etc/mysql/my.cnf" to set global options,
# - "~/.my.cnf" to set user-specific options.
# 
# One can use all long options that the program supports.
# Run program with --help to get a list of available options and with
# --print-defaults to see which it would actually understand and use.
#
# For explanations see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/server-system-variables.html

#
# * IMPORTANT: Additional settings that can override those from this file!
#   The files must end with '.cnf', otherwise they'll be ignored.
#

!includedir /etc/mysql/conf.d/
!includedir /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/

任何帮助表示赞赏。谢谢你。

<--------更新-----> 刚刚运行了评论中推荐的命令，这是输出：

sudo apt-get install --reinstall mysql-server-8.0

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 1 reinstalled, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 0 B/1,228 kB of archives.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
Preconfiguring packages ...
(Reading database ... 326219 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../mysql-server-8.0_8.0.20-0ubuntu0.20.04.1_amd64.deb ...
Failed to stop mysql.service: Unit mysql.service not loaded.
invoke-rc.d: initscript mysql, action "stop" failed.
dpkg: warning: old mysql-server-8.0 package pre-removal script subprocess returned error exit status 1
dpkg: trying script from the new package instead ...
Failed to stop mysql.service: Unit mysql.service not loaded.
invoke-rc.d: initscript mysql, action "stop" failed.
dpkg: error processing archive /var/cache/apt/archives/mysql-server-8.0_8.0.20-0ubuntu0.20.04.1_amd64.deb (--unpack):
 new mysql-server-8.0 package pre-removal script subprocess returned error exit status 1
Failed to stop mysql.service: Unit mysql.service not loaded.
invoke-rc.d: initscript mysql, action "stop" failed.
Failed to preset unit: File mysql.service: Link has been severed
/usr/bin/deb-systemd-helper: error: systemctl preset failed on mysql.service: No such file or directory
Failed to start mysql.service: Unit mysql.service not found.
invoke-rc.d: initscript mysql, action "start" failed.
Unit mysql.service could not be found.
dpkg: error while cleaning up:
 installed mysql-server-8.0 package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 1
Errors were encountered while processing:
 /var/cache/apt/archives/mysql-server-8.0_8.0.20-0ubuntu0.20.04.1_amd64.deb
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

ls -laF /lib/systemd/system/mysql.service

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 524 Nov  6 11:34 /lib/systemd/system/mysql.service

得到这个错误:: sudo apt-get install -f

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
1 not fully installed or removed.
Need to get 0 B/1,228 kB of archives.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
dpkg: error processing package mysql-server-8.0 (--configure):
 package is in a very bad inconsistent state; you should
 reinstall it before attempting configuration
Errors were encountered while processing:
 mysql-server-8.0
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

sudo dpkg --configure -a

dpkg: error processing package mysql-server-8.0 (--configure):
 package is in a very bad inconsistent state; you should
 reinstall it before attempting configuration
Errors were encountered while processing:
 mysql-server-8.0